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Raster Data and Vector Data: Vector Data Model: (Data Models) A Representation of The World Using Points, Lines, and

Vector data models represent the world using points, lines, and polygons and are useful for storing data with discrete boundaries like country borders or streets. Raster data models represent the world as a grid of cells and are useful for storing continuously varying data like aerial photographs or elevation surfaces. Raster and vector are the two basic structures for storing images on a computer. Raster uses pixels at locations while vector uses geometrically associated points and lines. Vector generally produces smaller files and is more flexible and suitable for mapping applications while raster is needed for images from devices.

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Muhammad Farhan
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87 views

Raster Data and Vector Data: Vector Data Model: (Data Models) A Representation of The World Using Points, Lines, and

Vector data models represent the world using points, lines, and polygons and are useful for storing data with discrete boundaries like country borders or streets. Raster data models represent the world as a grid of cells and are useful for storing continuously varying data like aerial photographs or elevation surfaces. Raster and vector are the two basic structures for storing images on a computer. Raster uses pixels at locations while vector uses geometrically associated points and lines. Vector generally produces smaller files and is more flexible and suitable for mapping applications while raster is needed for images from devices.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Farhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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vector data model: [data models] A representation of the world using points, lines, and

polygons. Vector models are useful for storing data that has discrete boundaries, such as
country borders, land parcels, and streets.
raster data model: [data models] A representation of the world as a surface divided into a
regular grid of cells. Raster models are useful for storing data that varies continuously, as in
an aerial photograph, a satellite image, a surface of chemical concentrations, or an
elevation surface.

Raster Data and Vector Data


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Raster and vector are the two basic data structures for storing and manipulating images and graphics data on a
computer. Major GIS and CAD (Computer Aided Design) software packages available today are primarily
based on one of the two structures, either raster based or vector based, while they have some extended
functions to support other data structures.

Raster images come in the form of individual pixels, and each spatial location or resolution element has a pixel
associated where the pixel value indicates the attribute, such as color, elevation, or an ID number. Raster
images are normally acquired by optical scanner, digital CCD camera and other raster imaging devices. Its
spatial resolution is determined by the resolution of the acquisition device and the quality of the original data
source. Because a raster image has to have pixels for all spatial locations, it is strictly limited by how big a
spatial area it can represent. When increasing the spatial resolution by 2 times, the total size of a two-
dimensional raster image will increase by 4 times because the number of pixels is doubled in both X and Y
dimensions. The same is true when a larger area is to be covered when using same spatial resolution.

Vector data comes in the form of points and lines that are geometrically and mathematically associated. Points
are stored using the coordinates, for example, a two-dimensional point is stored as (x, y). Lines are stored as a
series of point pairs, where each pair represents a straight line segment, for example, (x1, y1) and (x2, y2)
indicating a line from (x1, y1) to (x2, y2).

In general, vector data structure produces smaller file size than raster image because a raster image needs space
for all pixels while only point coordinates are stored in vector representation. This is particularly true in the
case when the graphics or images have large homogenous regions and the boundaries and shapes are the
primary interest. Besides the size issue, vector data is easier than raster data to handle on a computer because it
has fewer data items and it is more flexible to be adjusted for different scale, for example, a projection system
in mapping application. This makes vector data structure the apparent choice for most mapping, GIS and CAD
software packages. Also, topology among graphical objects or items are much easier to be represented using
vector form, since a commonly shared edge can be easily defined according to its left and right side polygons.
On the other hand, this is almost impossible or very difficult to do with pixels.

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