BRIEFING NOTE

CRRF Ethiopia
August 2018

Ethiopia made nine pledges to The Comprehensive Refugee The Operating Plan for the refugee
comprehensively respond to refugee needs Response Framework (CRRF) response in Ethiopia in 2018 is USD
and is formulating a National was launched in Ethiopia in 327.8 million. This plan is currently
Comprehensive Refugee Response November 2017. funded at 21%.
Strategy (NCRRS)

Applying the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF)

1. Context

Ethiopia is host to the second largest refugee population in Africa. This includes over 905,000 refugees, with the
majority originating from South Sudan, Somalia, Eritrea and Sudan.
The majority of refugees in Ethiopia are located in Tigray Regional State and the four Emerging Regions of Ethiopia,
which are: (i) the Afar Regional State; (ii) the Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State; (iii) the Gambella Regional State;
and (iv) the Somali Regional State. The Emerging Regions are the least developed regions in the country,
characterized by harsh weather conditions, poor infrastructure, extremely low capacity, high levels of poverty and
poor development indicators. The arid environment in Afar and Somali regions and the small and scattered nomadic
populations make it more challenging to provide services. Many parts of the four regions are inaccessible with poor
or no roads.
UNHCR Ethiopia, in collaboration with the Government of Ethiopia, other humanitarian organizations, development
actors, donor agencies, and the private sector, has been working on a range of initiatives to address the socio-
economic needs of refugees and host communities.
In February 2017, Ethiopia accepted to be considered as a CRRF focus country. The decision by Ethiopia to
participate in the CRRF was quickly supported by a joint World Bank-UNHCR mission to consider support to refugee
and host communities under the IDA-18 refugee sub-window. A roadmap for implementation has been finalized and
the CRRF was officially launched in Ethiopia on 28 November 2017. In April and May 2018, regional launches
were also held in the five regions hosting refugees, including Benishangul-Gumuz, Gambella, Tigray, Afar and
Somali.

2. Government pledges towards a more comprehensive response

At the Leaders’ Summit on Refugees, which Ethiopia co-hosted on 20 September 2016 in New York, Ethiopia made
the following pledges:
1. To expand the “out-of-camp” policy to benefit 10% of the current total refugee population.
2. To provide work permits to refugees and those with permanent residence ID.
3. To provide work permits to refugees in the areas permitted for foreign workers.
4. To increase enrolment of refugee children in preschool, primary, secondary and tertiary education, without
discrimination and within available resources.
5. To make 10,000 hectares of irrigable land available, to enable 20,000 refugees and host community
households (100,000 people) to grow crops.
6. To allow local integration for refugees who have lived in Ethiopia for over 20 years.
7. To work with industrial partners to build industrial parks to employ up to 100,000 individuals, with 30% of the
jobs reserved for refugees.
8. To expand and enhance basic and essential social services for refugees.
9. To provide other benefits, such as issuance of birth certificates to refugee children born in Ethiopia, and the
possibility of opening bank accounts and obtaining driving licenses.
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3. Strategic roll-out of the CRRF

Consultations on the NCRRS ©UNHCR/Helle Degn

The Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework (CRRF) can be regarded as a vehicle

to accompany the implementation of Ethiopia’s nine pledges. The Government has
increasingly sought a more sustainable response that goes beyond care and maintenance
of refugees to promote their self-reliance. This approach combines wider support to host
communities, fostering peaceful coexistence and greater inclusion of refugees in national
development plans. Ethiopia became one of the first countries to initiate the implementation
of the CRRF along the lines of the New York Declaration, in February 2017.
A set of new and innovative approaches is required to increase the quality of protection
and expand protection solutions for refugees in the country. This will be done through a
four-pronged approach: (1) implementing the pledges; (2) strengthening legal and policy
components; (3) supporting host populations (4) strengthening coordination mechanisms.
The Government has prepared a roadmap detailing the implementation of each pledge,
outlining key opportunities and partnerships that must be put in place, and is incorporating
some of the pledges into a revised Refugee Proclamation due to be in force in the second
half of 2018. Additional legislative reforms to Proclamation 760/2012 permitting civil
documentation for refugees was passed in July 2017, the first birth certificates for refugees
were issued in October 2017.
The Government further issued its National Comprehensive Refugee Response Strategy
(NCRRS) for consultation in May 2018. The Strategy includes the Government’s vision to
see all refugees and hosting communities becoming socio-economically active and self-
reliant by 2027, and commits to changing the primary assistance model from refugee
camps towards development-oriented settlements over a 10 year period. The first
consultative workshop on the new strategy took place in June and was followed up with
international development partner consultations in August.

Over the coming months the new strategy will be finalised, approved by the Council of
Ministers as a national strategy – and complemented with operational guidelines through
a series of regionally-based action plans.

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The Government has also implemented a governance structure in collaboration with

UNHCR, which includes a Steering Committee (SC) comprised of Line Ministries, federal
agencies, development actors, NGOs and the donors based in Ethiopia in order to drive
the practical implementation of the pledges. The SC held its first meeting in December
2017, with subsequent meetings held on a monthly basis. The structure also includes six
Technical Committees focusing on six thematic areas grouped around the pledges: Out of
Camp, Education, Work and Livelihoods, Documentation, Basic and Social Service, and
Local Integration. The constitution of Technical Committees will take place following a
series of workshops. The first two workshops on Education and Basic and Social Services
took place in February and March 2018, followed by workshops on Documentation and
Work and Livelihoods in May and June. All workshops were attended by a wide range of
partners, including Line Ministries, regional government representatives, local and
international NGOs as well as refugee and host community representatives. An expert
group will deliberate on the proposed recommendations and suggest a proposal at SC for
endorsement. Additionally, a National Co-ordination Office (NCO) was established by the
Government in January 2018 to ensure the pledges are implemented through a multi-
stakeholder approach. Through engagement on the NCRRS, the SC and NCO will be
adapted to meet the broader objectives of the new strategy.

UNHCR Ethiopia has been identified as a pilot operation to test the multi-year multi-
planning process (MYMP), with a strategy concluded for the period 2017-2020. This is
expected to have a positive bearing on the capacity to implement the pledges, fulfil the
NCRRS and ensure the long-term impact of ongoing activities, by bringing together the full
range of national and international partners and stakeholders to plan together with a longer-
term vision, leveraging all comparative advantages to tackle and resolve protection and
solutions challenges in a sustainable way.

4. Partnerships

Within the context of the CRRF and the NCRRS, UNHCR will foster the expansion of
partnerships with government actors - including line ministries, leaders of regions and
local districts - traditional and non-traditional donors, international and national NGOs, and
private sectors. This multi-stakeholder approach seeks to ensure a more effective response
to the developmental needs and aspiration of refugees and host communities alike.
Through collaboration with private-sector organisations and foundations, efforts are
underway to expand opportunities in the areas of work and livelihoods, education, shelter,
nutrition, energy and rehabilitation of the environment. Special attention will be paid to
enhance relations between humanitarian and development actors with a view to ensuring
the sustainability of current interventions and benefitting refugees and host communities
alike.
In response to local conflict in and around refugee communities in Gambella, the
Administration for Refugees and Returnee Affairs (ARRA), UNHCR, UNDP, UNWOMEN
and other partners are initiating a project to improve community security, protection and
access to justice in four districts and seven camps, in particular building capacities of local
institutions. Initial UNHCR seed funding has led to the commencement of some activities
including the mapping of legal aid service providers, initiating practice sharing on mobile
justice by rule of law experts from Melkadida, development of guidelines on mobile justice
for Gambella, preparation of a Baseline Safety and Security and Access to Justice Services
Perception Survey; supporting community policing, peace building and community safety
activities with the aim to empower both communities to jointly cooperate, detect, report
criminal and violent activities.

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UNHCR and La Caixa Foundation announce partnership ©UNHCR/Mark Henley

Ethiopia will benefit from a USD 100 million fund from the World Bank under the DRDIP
(Development Response Displacement Impact Program) to improve access to basic social
services, expand economic opportunities, and enhance environmental management for
host communities. Ethiopia will also receive funds from the Bank’s IDA-18 regional sub-
window for refugees and host communities. Following CRRF launches in regions in April-
May 2018, UNHCR Sub-offices have started working closely with regional governments
and other stakeholders to identify projects that may capitalize funding from DRDIP and
IDA-18 regional sub-window to benefit both refugees and host population.
UNHCR’s collaboration with the World Bank, European Investment Bank and the Ethiopian
Investment Commission has continued, particularly in light of the Ethiopia Economic
Opportunities Project (EEOP, the former Jobs Compact) and creation of industrial parks
within Ethiopia to benefit both the host community and refugees. In June 2018, EEOP was
approved by the World Bank Board of Directors which will lead to the commencement of
implementation. Engagement between UNHCR and the World Bank has also focused on
protection issues arising for refugees accessing employment opportunities and devising
solutions to reduce risks to the refugee population partaking in this initiative. The design of
the Employment Promotion and Protection Package Pilot is currently underway.

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5. Comprehensive Regional Response to the Somali situation

Ethiopia is currently the chair of the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD),

which brings together eight countries in the Central and Horn regions of Africa in support
of peace, prosperity and regional integration. At the Special Summit of the IGAD Assembly
of Heads of State and Government convened in Nairobi on 25 March 2017, IGAD member
States made a commitment to pursue a comprehensive regional approach to deliver
durable solutions for Somali refugees. Ethiopia has proposed to facilitate the follow-up to
the Nairobi Declaration on Durable Solutions for Somali Refugees and Reintegration of
Returnees in Somalia.
In September 2017 IGAD member States convened to validate the Road Map and Results
Framework of the Nairobi Declaration and Action Plan. In 20-22 March 2018, a Stock-taking
Ministerial Meeting took place in Nairobi to review the steps taken towards implementation
of the Nairobi Declaration and Action Plan. Ethiopia provided updates in respect to progress
made on the pledges to date, highlighting the forthcoming legislative changes and
development of the Ethiopia 10 year CRRF Strategy. Going forward, IGAD member States
agreed to develop national plans of action by the end of 2018.

Somali refugee girls finish their school day at Sheder Camp © UNHCR/Anna Hellge

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Update on CRRF

Humanitarian corridors for refugees in Ethiopia

Somalian girl given medical lifeline in Italy © UNHCR/Diana Diaz

In Ethiopia, efforts to expand complementary pathways continue.

The launch of a “humanitarian corridor” took place in October 2017, and will facilitate the
movement of some 500 refugees from Ethiopia to Italy in cooperation with several faith-
based organizations. In November 2017, 25 refugees from Somalia, Eritrea and South
Sudan departed for Italy where they will be able to rebuild their lives. In February 2018 a
further 114 refugees departed to Italy under the auspices of the Humanitarian Corridor.
Many were persons with specific needs, with some having previously been held captive in
Libya.
Staff from Caritas Italiana and Comunità di Sant’Egidio and UNHCR continue to work on
the identification of cases, based on vulnerability. This programme is Italy’s contribution to
creating a world more open to refugees and to the advancement of comprehensive
responses to refugee situations.
Unlike the established third-country resettlement process, persons selected will be
facilitated to move to Italy, where they will then undergo an asylum interview. Assurances
have been received regarding suitability for admission for all prior to travel. Integration
efforts will be led by the diaspora in Italy, with the support of Italian authorities.

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New Ethiopia policy helps refugees legally document life events

Refugees can now receive birth, death and marriage certificates; a historic first that
will give them better access to services.

As one of the nine pledges made at the Leaders’ Summit held in New York in September
2016, Ethiopia has launched civil registration for refugees. Starting that day today, all
refugees in the country will be able to register their vital life events, including birth, death,
marriage and divorce, directly with national authorities.
Civil registration for refugees has been made possible following an amendment to an
existing legislation. UNHCR and the UN’s Children Agency (UNICEF) collaborated with the
Government of Ethiopia in the preparation of the amendment.
This is a historic first and a ground-breaking development for refugee protection in Ethiopia,
not previously realized over decades. Children born before the new law came into force
can also obtain a birth certificate retroactively, including the more than 70,000 refugee
children born in Ethiopia over the last decade who have not had their births registered.
Birth registration is an important protection tool – ensuring basic human rights, particularly
in situations of displacement. It establishes a child’s legal identity and can help prevent
statelessness. It also contributes to policy development and planning in Ethiopia’s
Development Agenda - in line with the Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework
(CRRF).

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Education Pledge

Ethiopia. Future teachers attend newly-opened training college © UNHCR/Diana Diaz

Preliminary data on the school enrolment rate indicates significant progress in Ethiopia’s pledge
to increase the number of students attending early, primary, secondary and tertiary education. As
compared to the 2016/2017 academic year some 12,300 new students have been enrolled in pre-
schools across the country while 40,000 more refugees have enrolled in primary and secondary
schools (in camps and urban areas) during the current cycle with an additional 700 refugee youth
pursuing university studies.
As such, overall figures against the pledged numbers stand at:

■ ECCE (pre-school): The increase is of 29% from 42,276 to 54,619 - Making the current
enrolment percentage stand at 57% (out of 60% pledged)
■ Primary school: Increase of 37% from 96,700 to 132,563 - making the current
enrolment percentage 72% (out of the 75% pledged)
■ Secondary school: Increase of 102% from 3,785 to 7,665, making the current
enrolment percentage 12% (out of the 25% pledged)
■ Tertiary education: 43% increase from 1,600 to 2,300 (out of the 2,500 pledged)

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6. Current challenges
■ A number of growing challenges will impede the application of the CRRF if not addressed
in an appropriate manner, including continuous drought in many regions, tensions that
led to the first State of Emergency which concluded in August 2017, conflict in the Somali
region creating considerable internal displacement coupled with further cross-border
movements in the country since the start of 2017. A further State of Emergency was
announced on 16 February 2018 due to turmoil in several regions and was lifted in June
2018, two months after the new Prime Minister taking office.
■ The Government’s ability to realize its aspirations to further its duty of care to refugees,
relative to its existing resource constraints, will inevitably be based on the scale-up of
equitable responsibility-sharing between member States. Within a climate of decreasing
humanitarian and development financing (that has led to critical shortfalls in food
assistance), limited opportunities for third-country resettlement, together with limited
support to youth and a growing population of unaccompanied and separated children,
bold financial commitments - for essential humanitarian services and a sustainable
solutions-based response - will be needed to harness the CRRF’s transformational
agenda.

7. Operational and funding needs to deliver on a comprehensive

response

The key funding and operational gaps to be filled include the following:
■ Greater support is needed to foster broad-based partnerships to deliver on the CRRF;
specifically, support to facilitate the work of the Steering Committee led by the
Government. Greater coordination will harmonize efforts of national and regional
government entities, civil society and private sector actors on the ground.
■ Resettlement: The projected resettlement needs for 2017 for refugees in Ethiopia are
50,800 persons. In 2018, the projected resettlement needs stand at 65,750 refugees as
of August 2018.
■ Complementary pathways: UNHCR asks third-country governments – in cooperation
and with the support of other stakeholders, such as the private sector, civil society and
diaspora organizations - to establish and expand complementary pathways for refugees
living in CRRF pilot countries. These pathways may include expanded family
reunification and family-based mobility; labour mobility schemes; scholarships and
education programmes; and regional mobility schemes. (Note: implementation of such
pathways necessitates certain facilitative administrative measures, as well as protection
safeguards. UNHCR may support States with technical advice in these areas.) More
specifically with regard to unaccompanied and separated children (UASC) from Eritrea
with family members outside: recognizing that children constitute 48% of the Eritrean
population in both Afar and Tigray region and that among the total number of children,
17% are UASC of whom 75% have relatives abroad, we request member States to
facilitate expanded family reunification for this population. UNHCR can provide more
information on the needs relating to complementary pathways.
■ Greater involvement of line ministries is needed to help foster greater complementarity
of efforts across the country between regional government authorities and ARRA in
Addis Ababa. In the same vein, greater support is needed to local authorities and host
populations.
■ Education: Support to the Government on its pledge to increase enrolment in primary,
secondary and tertiary education for refugees.
■ Funding: UNHCR’s Operating Plan for the refugee response in 2018 is US$ 327.8
million. This plan is currently funded at 21%.

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External / Donors Relations

Special thanks to the major donors of broadly earmarked regional contributions
from:

(2 million USD or more)

United States of America 82.7 million | Germany 15.2 million | Private donors Australia
8.6 million | Sweden 4.2 million | Australia 3.8 million | Canada 3.3 million | Private donors
Germany 2.8 million | Norway 2.6 million

Italy | Malta | Private donors

Special thanks to the major donors of unearmarked regional contributions:

(10 million USD or more)

Sweden 98.2 million | Private donors Spain 45.2 million| Norway 42.5 million |
Netherlands 39.1 million | United Kingdom 31.7 million | Denmark 25.5 million | Private
donors Republic of Korea 22.2 million |Switzerland 15.2 million | France 14 million |
Germany 13.7 | Private donors Japan 13 million | Private donors Italy 11.9 million | Italy
11.2 million | Private donors Sweden 10.2 million

Algeria | Argentina | Belgium | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Canada | China | Costa Rica |
Estonia | Finland | Iceland | India | Indonesia | Ireland | Isreal | Kuwait | Liechtenstein |
Lithuania | Luxembourg | Monaco | Montenegro | New Zealand | Philippines | Pourtugal |
Qatar | Republic of Korea | Russian Federation | Saudi Arabia | Serbia | Singapore |
Slovakia | Sri Lanka | Thailand | Turkey | United Arab Emirates | Uruguay | Private donors

CONTACTS
External Relations Unit, UNHCR Ethiopia
ethader@unhcr.org, Cell +251 966204950
LINKS
Data portal: data2.unhcr.org, Facebook: UNHCR Ethiopia, Twitter: @UNHCREthiopia

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