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Simple Linear Correlation Analysis

This document discusses simple linear correlation analysis, which is used to analyze the relationship between two numerical variables. It measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between -1 and 1. A value closer to -1 represents a stronger negative correlation, closer to 1 is a stronger positive correlation, and closer to 0 is a weaker linear relationship. Pearson's r calculates the linear relationship between interval/ratio data by analyzing variables' sums of squares, cross-products, and sample size. Correlation only measures linear association and does not imply causation.

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Joseph Hidalgo
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33 views

Simple Linear Correlation Analysis

This document discusses simple linear correlation analysis, which is used to analyze the relationship between two numerical variables. It measures the strength and direction of a linear relationship between -1 and 1. A value closer to -1 represents a stronger negative correlation, closer to 1 is a stronger positive correlation, and closer to 0 is a weaker linear relationship. Pearson's r calculates the linear relationship between interval/ratio data by analyzing variables' sums of squares, cross-products, and sample size. Correlation only measures linear association and does not imply causation.

Uploaded by

Joseph Hidalgo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Topic: SIMPLE LINEAR CORRELATION ANALYSIS

Goal: Simultaneously analyze variables to find underlying relationships when


variables are paired with each other

e.g. weight and height of students


poverty rates and crime statistics
Galton’s data on heights of fathers and first born sons :
(Tall fathers tend to have tall sons; short fathers tend to have short sons.)

Correlation Analysis – used to measure strength of association (linear relationship)


between two numerical variables
- Only concerned with strength of the relationship
- No CAUSAL EFFECT is implied

Symbols:
ρ (rho) – population correlation coefficient
r – sample correlation coefficient

correlation coefficient – the numerical value that shows the linear relationship
between two variables

features:
 unit free
 ranges from -1 to 1
 -1 means perfect negative or indirect correlation
 1 means perfect positive or direct correlation
 The closer to -1, the stronger the negative linear relationship
 The closer to 1 the stronger the positive relationship
 The closer to 0, the weaker the linear relationship

Pearson’s r – calculates linear relationship between interval or ratio data

where:
n = sample size
= total observations under variable X
= total observation under variable Y

= sum of squares of X
= sum of squares of Y

= sum of the products of X and Y


Example: Compute Pearson r and interpret the results. Given the following table
showing scores in 2 subjects X and Y. (Reference: Statistics with Probability by
Panopio)

Student X Y X2 Y2 XY
1 3 6
2 2 5
3 6 4
4 4 2
5 5 3
6 4 7
7 5 5
8 2 6
9 7 10
10 3 9
Total

Exercise:

Assume that X is the number of hours spent in watching TV, Y is the number of
hours spent in studying mathematics and Z is the score in the final examination in
Mathematics. What can you say about the correlation between X and Z? between Y
and Z?:

Respondents X Y Z
1 2.5 1.5 76
2 4.0 3.0 84
3 3.5 2.0 80
4 2.0 1.0 69
5 1.5 2.5 88
6 2.5 4.5 92

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