Types of Body Build  Environmental

 Degenerative
 Ectomorph  Iatrogenic
 Mesomorph  Psychogenic
 Endomorph  Molecular
 Traumatic
The ECTOMORPH
 Idiopathic
 Definitive "Hard Gainer"
 Delicate Built Body
Toxic Disease
 Flat Chest -It is caused by ingestion of a poison.
 Fragile
 Lean  Ex: Inhalation of carbon monoxide from
 Lightly Muscled  an automobile exhaust in an enclosed
 Small Shouldered garage may cause tissue hypoxia and
 Takes Longer to Gain Muscle death because it is rapidly absorbed by
lungs and binds to hemoglobin
 Thin
( forming carboxy- hemoglobin) w/ an
The MESOMORPH affinity of more than 200 times that of
oxygen . This limits the oxygen carrying
 Athletic capacity of hemoglobin.
 Hard Body
 Hourglass Shaped (Female) Molecular/Genetic Diseases
 Rectangular Shaped (Male)
-Resulting from a defect in a single molecule
 Mature Muscle Mass
causing the molecular product of cellular
 Muscular Body
activity to be abnormal. Many of these diseases
 Excellent Posture
are genetic.
 Gains Muscle Easily
 Gains Fat More Easily Than Ectomorphs  For ex. Sickle-cell anemia involves
 Thick Skin wrong sequence of two amino-acids in
the hemoglobin molecule causing
The ENDOMORPH abnormal(sickle) shape of the RBC
characteristic of disease.
 Soft Body
 Underdeveloped Muscles Psychogenic Diseases
 Round Physique
 Weight Loss is Difficult -It originates in the mind, having an
 Gains muscle easily like the Mesomorph emotional or psychologic origin in relation to
symptoms.
Basic Mechanism of Disease
 Ex. Schizophrenia, various type of
 Pathogenic dementia.
 Metabolic  Emotional factors also contribute to
 Toxic many organic diseases.
 Neoplastic
 Immunologic
Nutritional Deficiency Idiopathic Diseases
-It results when an individual’s diet is -It refers to disorders whose causes are
inadequate in terms of the amount or type of yet unknown.
proteins, essential amino acids, fatty acids,
vitamins, minerals or water.

Nutritional Deficiency Diseases Infectious Diseases

 Kwashiorkor, a protein deficiency -Are transmitted to a person from the
disease. environment or in the case of a contagious
 Scurvy, a disease caused by Vitamin C infectious disease, from another person.
deficiency. -An infection is the invasion of the body
 Excessive consumption of high-calorie by another organism and its subsequent growth
foods, fats, or fat-soluble vitamins can and multiplication within the body tissues.
also cause disease.
 Ex: colds and flu.
Degenerative Diseases
Pathogenic Organisms
-It refers to disorders associated with
aging. Many systems become less adaptable  Viruses (Intracellular parasite that
and less efficient as part of the aging process. consist of either DNA or RNA core
surrounded by a protein coat or
Immunologic/Immunity related lipoprotein envelope).
Disease  Bacteria (tiny, primitive cells that lack
nuclei, parasitizing tissues or disrupting
-It develops when immune function either normal function.
deteriorates, so that the body becomes unable  Protozoa (are protists, one-celled
to defend itself or becomes abnormal, so that organisms larger than bacteria whose
immune defenses begin attacking normal DNA is organized into a nucleus.
tissues.  Multicellular organisms like insects and
 Ex: Allergies such as “hay fever”, worms
immune deficiency diseases such as
Inherited Diseases
AIDS and autoimmune disorders such as
“myasthenia gravis”. -Are caused by abnormal genes that are
passed on from one generation to the next.
Iatrogenic Diseases
-They may be due to abnormal
-It results from the activity or treatments of chromosomes or errors in the nucleotide
physicians or other health-care providers. sequences of individual genes.
 Iatrogenic diseases include those -Inherited diseases disrupt normal
caused by scar tissue formation after physiology, making homeostatic control difficult
surgery, adverse reactions to drugs and or impossible.
infections acquired while in hospital
(nosocomial infection) or other medical  Ex: Lysosomal storage diseases
facility
Neoplastic Diseases 5. Disease
-It results from the failure to maintain
-Are characterized by abnormal cell homeostatic condition.
growth and replication, leading to formation of 6. Etiology
benign or malignant tumors. -The actual pattern of a disease
development.
-Known causes include genetic factors
7. Pathogenesis
and environmental factors such as chemicals,
-The actual pattern of a disease
radiation and viruses.
development.
-The net result is a loss of normal 8. Lesion
control mechanisms that operate at the cellular -A demonstrable structural change in
level to control cell growth and the rate of cell the tissue produced by disease that is
division. evident at a gross (visible to the naked
eye) or microscopic level.
Endocrine Diseases 9. Signs
-It results from excessive or inadequate -Objective abnormalities that can be
levels of hormone production. seen or measured by someone other
than the patients.
 Ex: Inadequate production of the 10. Symptoms
hormone insulin by endocrine cells of -Subjective abnormalities that are felt
the pancreas that can lead to one form only by the patient.
of diabetes mellitus. 11. Sequela
-It refers to the outcome or after effect
Congenital Diseases of disease or injury.
-Present at birth. a. Ex: The sequela of acute
rheumatic fever might be
DISEASE TERMINOLOGIES scarred or deformed heart
valves.
1. Pathology 12. Complication of Disease
-The science or study of diseases, also a -It is the accidental condition, or second
clinical specialty in human medicine. It disease occurs during the primary
emphasizes the measurable aspect of process.
disease such as altered structure of cell, 13. Resolution
tissues, organs and laboratory findings -It is the subsidence of a disease
2. Anatomic Pathology process as inflammation and the return
-It is concern with surgical cytology and to normal of affected tissue.
necropsy. 14. Acute Disease
3. Clinical Pathology -Signs and symptoms that appear
-It is concern with clinical chemistry, suddenly, persist for a short time, then
microbiology, hematology, blood bank disappear.
immunology. 15. Chronic Disease
4. Pathophysiology -A disease that develop slowly and last
-It focuses on the mechanism of disease for a long time.
or dynamic processes that give rise to
sign and symptoms.
16. Subacute -It may be performed after death to
-It refers to diseases with characteristics determine the exact cause of death or
somewhere between acute and chronic. to determine the course of illness and
17. Epidemiology effectiveness of treatment.
-The study of the occurrence,
distribution, and transmission of the
disease in human population.
18. Endemic
-A disease native to a local region.
19. Epidemic
-A disease that spread to many
individuals at the same time.
20. Sporadic
-A disease that occur occasionally,
usually affecting one person.
21. Pandemic
-An epidemic disease affecting large
geographic regions.
22. Convalescence
-The period of recovery and return to
the normal healthy state; it may last for
several days or months.
23. Prognosis
-The probability for recovery
24. Morbidity
-It indicates the disease rates within a
group
25. Mortality
-It indicates the relative number of
deaths resulting from a certain disease.
26. Incidence of disease
-It indicates the number of new cases
noted within a stated time period.
27. Notifiable or reportable diseases
-It must be reported by the physician to
certain designated authority.
28. Autopsy
-It is an examination of all or part of the
body by a pathologist.
-It includes gross and microscopic
examination of tissues, organs and
fluids, and can include a variety of tests
depending on individual circumstances.