PDF Hydraulics Fundamentals PDF
PDF Hydraulics Fundamentals PDF
PDF Hydraulics Fundamentals PDF
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
Presented by:
Presented b y:
Bill Brayton
Brayton
ATRA Seni
Sen i o r Res earc h
Technician
Welcome To
Today
oday’’s Presen
Presentati
tation
on
Sponsored By:
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
Introduction
Learning how to read and interpret oil schematics is one of the keys to being able to understand
hydraulic functions
Another part of thisof an automatic istransmission
understanding and size
the effect valve project
andthe outcome
spring of have
tension a targeted
on themodification.
various
valves.
This webinar is designed to help you:
1. Understand valve functions.
2. Develop the skills for reading oil schematics, so you can isolate the valves responsible for a given
function or malfunction and address it with a targeted modification that will offer the results you’re
looking for.
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
Valve Types
1. Re
Regul
gulato
ator:
r: A regulator valve lowers pressure from a higher‐pressure source. A regulator can
have a static setting, producing a constant value of pressure; or it can vary the pressure
output, based on the influences from mechanical force or hydraulic pressure.
2. Switch: A switch valve works like a light switch; it’s either on or off. It supplies a component or
another valve with oil, or it exhausts the oil to the sump. The most common valve of this type is a
shift valve. It can direct oil to a shifting element, like a servo or clutch drum; or it can switch oil
pressure between two other valves.
Many PWM regulators are really switch valves that open and close so quickly they actually
operate as a regulator; but the valve is still considered a switch.
3. Servo: A servo valve moves another valve; either a switch valve or regulator valve.
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
Regulator Valves
One of the first exercises in understanding valve function and oil schematic interpretation is identifying
the three types of valves. The regulator valve is the most common, but the most difficult to recognize
because there are several types of regulators. There are two properties common to all regulators that will
help you identify them:
1. Nearly all regulators use a spring
2. Source pressure is used to move the vale toward the spring
All regulators require a balance system to maintain regulation. Most balance systems take pressure that
the regulator has modified and uses it on an area of the regulator. This balance pressure works on the
valve to move it toward the spring.
In these examples, there are three basic regulators. In the first example, the balance oil is regulated
pressure that is diverted to the end of the valve.
Regulated Pressure
Balance
Pressure
Mainline
(source pressure
pressure))
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
Regulator Valves (continued)
Regulator Valve with
Internal Balance
The second regulator uses an internal balance system: Pressure isn’t diverted to the end of the valve;
instead, the pressure goes between two of the lands on the valve. Since the land closer to the spring is
larger, the force created by hydraulic pressure pushes the valve toward the spring.
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
Regulator Valves (continued)
The third type of regulator is a main pressure regulator, which operates by bleeding off pressure
directly from the pump feed to maintain a balanced pressure.
The source pressure for the main pressure regulator originates from the pump, rather than a
regulated source. These main pressure regulators use mainline pressure to provide balance pressure.
This prevents the entire system from exceeding the level set for the system.
Regulator Valve with
External Balance
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
Switch Valves
Switch valves, as their name implies, switch oil on or off. They
can direct oil to a shifting element or another valve.
Switch valves don’t vary pressure like a regulator; they’re
either open or closed. Typically, when a switch valve closes a
circuit, it will also open that circuit to exhaust.
There is one property of a switch valve that makes it easy to
identify: A switch valve doesn’t use source pressure to move
the valve. There’s always some other force that moves the
valve.
In the next two examples, there are two basic switch valves. In
the first example the valve is controlled mechanically. This
would be used as a manual valve or detent valve. In the
second example, the switch valve is controlled by some other
pressure. This arrangement is commonly used for shift valves.
Switch Valve with
Mechanical Link
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
Switch Valves (continued)
Switch Valve
without
Mechanical Link
HydraulicServo
Fun ‐damentals
Valves
Servo valves serve one main purpose: To
move other valves. But sometimes a
manufacturer will also use a servo valve
as regulator or a switch. You may want to
consider these combination valves. A
combination valve then can be referred
to as a servo/switch valve, or a
servo/regulator valve; but its primary
Bumper Spring
function is a servo valve. The next three
illustrations are of servo valves.
6L80E
Hydraulic Fun (continued
Servo Valves ‐damentals
4L60E
Servo/Switch Valve
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
Servo Valves (continued)
RE5R05A TCC Control Valve
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
Switch Valves that Regulate Pressure
Many units today control line pressure using
a pulse width modulated solenoid. These
solenoids open and close very quickly, which
regulates the pressure applied to one side of
a switch valve. This causes the switch valve
to float between wide open and full closed,
regulating the pressure to the circuit. Even
though these valve regulate pressure,
they’re still considered switch valves.
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
Switch Valves that Regulate Pressure (continued)
Here the solenoid is receiving a pulsed signal. These pulses are
so fast, causing
closed, they cause
thethe switch
valve valve
to work asto float between
a regulator. open and
Pressure Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
Regulators 4L60E Pressure Regulator Valve
Components and Line Pressure Rise
Regulator Valve
Servo Valve
A
Pressure Regulators
(continued) Hydraulic Fun Regulator
604 Pressure ‐damentals
Reverse Position
Pressure Regulators
(continued) Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
62TE/41TE VLPS
What is the purpose of the solenoid?
Pressure Regulators
(continued) Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
Honda Pressure Regulator
Honda’s operate at a constant pressure.
How does line pressure rise happen?
Line Pressure increases when the
stator tube twists with torque.
This increases the spring weight
which raises line pressure.
A
Pressure Regulators
(continued) Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
6R60/80 Pressure Regulator
Shift Feel Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
1‐2 and 3‐4 ACCUMULATOR ASSEMBLIES The 1‐2 and 3‐4 accumulator assemblies help
Accumulator Valve Function cushion the 2‐4 band apply rate. These
assemblies use an accumulator fluid
pressure to assist spring force. Accumulator
fluid pressure is regulated by the
accumulator valve in relation to torque
signal fluid pressure. The pressure control
(PC) solenoid is controlled by the PCM and
regulates torque signal fluid pressure in
relation to engine torque, throttle position
and other vehicle operating conditions.
When engine torque is a maximum, a
greater apply pressure is required to prevent
the band from slipping during apply and hold
the band against the reverse input housing.
When engine torque is a minimum, the band
requires less apply force and a slower apply
rate. The regulating action of the
accumulator valve compensates for these
various operating conditions by increasing
4L60E accumulator fluid pressure as engine torque
and torque signal fluid pressure increase.
Shift Feel
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
4R100
Use the
previous
page valve
description
to identify
the
operation of
this
accumulator
system.
Shift Feel
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
1st Gear Steady State
BYBA
All shift
solenoids
are on.
Shift Feel
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
Inbetwe
Inbe en 1st and 2nd Gear
tween
BYBA
The Clutch
Pressure
Control
(CPC)
solenoids
Shift
control the
solenoids
apply and
release still on.
rate of the
clutches.
This is how
shift feel is
controlled.
Shift Feel
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
2nd Gear Steady State
BYBA
To finish the
shift process
shift
solenoid C
turns off and
moves shift
valve C to
connect line
pressure to
the 2nd
clutch.
Shift Feel
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
BYBA
In
between
th th
4 & 5 .
Notice
that both
CPC
solenoids
and valves
are
working to
apply and
release
the
clutches.
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
As part of the H Fundamental testing you will be asked to identify all the valves in a valve
body Using the illustration on the next page we will go over the various valves and valve
types
This will be a part of the H hydraulic fundamentals test
RV = Regulator Valve
SWV = Switch valve
SV = Servo Valve
4R70W
Hydraulic Fun‐damentals
RV RV RV
RV SWV
SWV SWV
SWV
SWV
RV
SV SWV
RV
RV
SV
SWV
Any Questions?
Thank
Tha nk Y
You
ou For Atte
Attendi
nding
ng