G r a d e 11 P r e - C a l c u l u s

Mathemat ics (30S)

Final Practice Exam

Answer Key
 G r a d e 11 P r e - C a l c u l u s M at h e m at ic s

Final Practice Exam

Answer Key

e y
Name:____________________________________
For Marker’s Use Only

r K
Student Number:____________________________ Date:________________________________

sw e
Attending q Non-Attending q Final Mark: _________ /100 =_________ %

An
Phone Number:_____________________________ Comments:

Address:__________________________________

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

Instructions
The final examination will be weighted as follows:
Modules 1–8 100%
The format of the examination will be as follows:
Module 1: 5 marks Module 5: 19 marks
Module 2: 5 marks Module 6: 19 marks
Module 3: 5 marks Module 7: 23 marks
Module 4: 5 marks Module 8: 19 marks

Time allowed: 2.5 hours

Note: You are allowed to bring the following to the exam: pencils (2 or 3 of
each), blank paper, a ruler, a scientific or graphing calculator, and your Final Exam
Resource Sheet. Your Final Exam Resource Sheet must be handed in with the
exam.

Show all calculations and formulas used. Include units where appropriate. Clearly
state your final answer. Diagrams may not be drawn to scale.

Final Practice Exam Answer Key 3 of 34

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Answer all questions to the best of your ability. Show all your work.
Module 1: Sequences and Series (5 marks)
1. Write the defining linear function of the following arithmetic sequence. (2 marks)
(Lesson 1)
99, 103, 107, . . .
Answer:
Points on line: (1, 99), (2, 103), (3, 107)
Slope: d = 4
Defining Linear Function:
y – y1 = m(x – x1)
y – 99 = 4(x – 1)
y = 4x – 4 + 99
y = 4x + 95

8 1 k−1
2. Use a formula to find the value of ∑ k=2 81  . (3 marks) (Lesson 4)
3
Answer:
Notice k’s initial value is 2. Thus, n is only 7, not 8.
1 2 3
 1  1  1
The first few terms are 81   , 81   , 81   , . . . .
 3  3  3

1
Thus, t1 = 27 and r = .
3

t1 ( 1 − r n )
Sn =
1− r
  1 7 
27  2186 
 1 − 
 27 
 3   2187   2186  2  13
S7 = = = 27  = 40
1 2  2187  3  27
1−
3 3

Final Practice Exam Answer Key 5 of 34

Module 2: Factoring and Rational Expressions (5 marks)
1. Simplify. Identify all non-permissible values. (5 marks) (Lessons 4 and 5)
5x 2 + 14 x − 19  3x − 12 2x − 2 
÷ 
 + 

2 x 2 + 5x + 3 2 2
 x − 2 x − 8 x + 4x − 5 

Answer:
5x 2 + 14 x − 19  3x − 12 2x − 2 
÷ 
 2 + 

2 x 2 + 5x + 3 2
 x − 2 x − 8 x + 4x − 5 
(5x + 19)(x − 1)  3 (x − 4 ) 2 ( x − 1) 
( 2 x + 3 ) ( x + 1)  ( x − 4 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 5 ) ( x − 1) 
÷ + 
 
(5x + 19)(x − 1)  3 2 
=
( 2 x + 3 ) ( x + 1)  ( x + 2 ) ( x + 5) 
÷ + 
 
(5x + 19)(x − 1)  3 ( x + 5) 2 (x + 2 ) 
= ÷
 ( x + 2 ) ( x + 5) ( x + 5) ( x + 2 ) 
+ 
( 2 x + 3 ) ( x + 1)  
(5x + 19)(x − 1)  3x + 15 2x + 4 
= ÷
 ( x + 2 ) ( x + 5) ( x + 5) ( x + 2 ) 
+ 
( 2 x + 3 ) ( x + 1)  
(5x + 19)(x − 1)  5x + 19 
=
( 2 x + 3 ) ( x + 1)  ( x + 2 ) ( x + 5) 
÷ 
 

(5x + 19)(x − 1)  (x + 2 )(x + 5) 

= ⋅ 
(2 x + 3)(x + 1)  5x + 19 
( x − 1)  ( x + 2 ) ( x + 5) 
= ⋅ 
(2 x + 3)(x + 1)  1 

( x + 2 ) ( x + 5 ) ( x − 1)
=
( 2 x + 3 ) ( x + 1)
−3 −19
x≠ , − 1, 4 , − 2 , − 5 , 1,
2 5

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Module 3: Quadratic Functions (5 marks)

1. Given the following parabola in vertex form, complete the following questions. (1 mark
each, for a total of 5 marks)
1 2
y = ( x − 3) + 2 (Lessons 1 to 4)
2
a) Identify the range.
Answer:
R: {y|y ³ 2, y Î Â}

b) Identify the direction of the opening.

Answer:
The parabola opens upward

c) Identify the axis of symmetry.

Answer:
x=3

d) Identify the y-intercept.

Answer:
1 2
y = ( x − 3) + 2
2
let x = 0
1 2
y = ( 0 − 3) + 2
2
1
y = (9 ) + 2
2
13
y=
2

Final Practice Exam Answer Key 7 of 34

 e) Sketch the graph of the parabola.
Answer:
1
The vertex is (3, 2), the curve opens up, and its size is wide. The y-values are of the
2
normal y-values.
y

1
y = (x  3)2 + 2
2

13
2

 

2 

3 x

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Module 4: Solving Rational and Quadratic Equations (5 marks)

1. Solve the following quadratic equation using any method you wish. Explain why you
chose the method you used. (2 marks) (Lessons 1 to 4)
2x2 + 25 = 15x
Answer:
2 x 2 + 25 = 15x
2 x 2 − 15x + 25 = 0
2 x 2 − 10 x − 5x + 25 = 0
2 x ( x − 5)− 5 ( x − 5) = 0
( 2 x − 5) ( x − 5) = 0
5
x= or x = 5
2
You can use any method. As long as you complete the question correctly and explain
why you chose the method you did, you will get full marks.
A possible explanation is:
I chose to solve this quadratic equation by factoring because it is easily factorable.

Final Practice Exam Answer Key 9 of 34

2. Solve the following rational equation. Identify any non-permissible values. (3 marks)
3x + 1 x
=− (Lesson 6)
x x+1

Answer:
Non-permissible values: x = 0 or x = –1
LCD = x(x + 1)
3x + 1 −x
( x ) ( x + 1) = ( x ) ( x + 1)
x x+1
(3x + 1)(x + 1) =−x ( x )
3x 2 + 4 x + 1 =−x 2
4x 2 + 4x + 1 = 0
4x 2 + 2 x + 2 x + 1 = 0
2 x ( 2 x + 1) + 1 ( 2 x + 1) = 0

(2 x + 1)2 = 0
1
x =−
2

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Module 5: Radicals (19 marks)

1. Order the following radical expressions from least to greatest. Do not use a calculator.
(2 marks) (Lesson 1)
6 3 , 11 7 , 9 5 , 2 15

Answer:
6 3 = 36 3 = 108

11 7 = 121 7 = 847

9 5 = 81 5 = 405

2 15 = 4 15 = 60

Thus, 60 < 108 < 405 < 847 and 2 15 < 6 3 < 9 5 < 11 7 .

2. Simplify each of the following. All answers must have rationalized denominators.
Assume all variables are non-negative. (Lesson 2)
a) 3 19  2 76 (1 mark)

Answer:
3 19 + 2 76

= 3 19 + 2 4 19

= 3 19 + 2 ( 2 ) 19

= 3 19 + 4 19

= 7 19

Final Practice Exam Answer Key 11 of 34


b) ( 8xy − x 3 )( 4y 2 ) (2 marks) (Lesson 3)

Answer:

( 8xy − x 3 )( 4y 2 )
= 4 2 x y 4 y y− x x x 4 y y

= 4 y 2 xy − 2 xy x

5 8 2 5
c) (3 marks) (Lesson 4)
3  2 3
Answer:
5 8 −2 5
3− 2 3
5 8 −2 5 3 + 2 3
= ⋅
3− 2 3 3+2 3

15 8 + 10 24 − 6 5 − 4 15
=
9 + 6 3 −6 3 − 4 9

15 4 2 + 10 4 6 − 6 5 − 4 15
=
9 − 4 ( 3)

30 2 + 20 6 − 6 5 − 4 15
=
−3
−30 2 − 20 6 + 6 5 + 4 15
=
3

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3. Identify the values for each of the variables for which each radical expression is defined.
(1 mark each, for a total of 2 marks)
a) 6  3x (Lesson 1)

Answer:
In order for this radical expression to be defined, the radicand has to be greater than
or equal to zero.
6 – 3x ³ 0
6 ³ 3x
2 ³ x
x £ 2
Thus, x £ 2 in order for this radical expression to be defined.

b) 32 x 2 (Lesson 1)

Answer:
Because the index is two, the radicand has to be greater than or equal to zero for this
expression to be defined. As any value squared will always be greater than or equal
to zero, x Î Â for this expression to be defined.

Final Practice Exam Answer Key 13 of 34

4. Find the solutions for each of the following equations. Check your solutions for
extraneous roots. Determine any restrictions on the variable.
a) 3 − x = 2 x − 3 (4 marks) (Lesson 5)

Answer:
Restrictions on the variable:
2x − 3 ≥ 0
2x ≥ 3
3
x≥
2
( 3 − x )2 = 2 x − 3
9 − 6x + x 2 = 2 x − 3
x 2 − 8x + 12 = 0
(x − 6) (x − 2 ) = 0

x = 6 or x = 2

Check x = 2 Check x = 6
LHS RHS LHS RHS
3–x 2 x− 3 3–x 2 x− 3
3–2 3–6
1 2 ( 2 )− 3 –3 2 (6 )− 3

1 9
1 3
LHS = RHS LHS ¹ RHS
Therefore, the only solution is x = 2.

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b) 2x + 4 + 3 = 9 (3 marks) (Lesson 5)

Answer:
Restrictions on the variable:
2x + 4 ³ 0
2x ³ –4
x ³ –2

2x + 4 + 3 = 9

2x + 4 = 6

2x + 4 = 62
2 x + 4 = 36
2 x = 32
x = 16
Check x = 16
LHS RHS

2x + 4 + 3 9

2 (16 ) + 4 + 3
6+3
9
LHS = RHS
\ The solution is x = 16.

Final Practice Exam Answer Key 15 of 34

5. The period, P, measured in seconds, of a pendulum is the time it takes to complete one
L
full swing. The period can be found using the formula P = 2 π , where L measures
9.8
the length of the pendulum in metres. How long should a pendulum be to complete
one full swing in 4.3 seconds? Round your answer to four decimal places. Check your
answer for extraneous solutions. (2 marks) (Lesson 5)
Answer:
L
P = 2π
9.8
Restrictions: L ³ 0 and P ³ 0
Note: P is positive or zero because it is equal to a positive number, 2p, multiplied by the
principal square root. Also, it would not make sense for either variable to be negative.
L
P = 2π
9.8
L
4.3 = 2 π
9.8
2 L 
4.32 = ( 2 π )  
 9.8 
4π 2L
18.49 =
9.8
18.49 × 9.8
L=
4π 2
4.5899 = L
Check: L ³ 0
LHS RHS
P L
4.3 2π
9.8
 4.5899 
2 π
 
 9.8 
4.3
LHS = RHS
The pendulum should be 4.5899 m long.

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Module 6: Systems of Equations and Inequalities (19 marks)

1. Solve the following system of equations algebraically and graphically. (6 marks)
2
y = ( x − 3)
2
(Lesson 2)
y =−3 (x + 1) + 12

Answer:
Algebraic Solution
2 2
y = ( x − 3) y =−3 (x + 1) + 12

y = x 2 − 6x + 9 y =−3 ( x 2 + 2 x + 1) + 12

y =−3x 2 − 6 x + 9

Substitute the expression for y in Equation (1) into the y-variable of Equation (2).
x 2 − 6 x + 9 =−3x 2 − 6x + 9
4x 2 = 0

x=0

Solve for y:
y = ( x − 3)
2

y = ( 0 − 3)
2

y=9

Thus, the solution to this system of equations is (0, 9).

Final Practice Exam Answer Key 17 of 34

 Graphing Solution
The parabola, y = (x – 3)2, has its vertex at (3, 0), it opens up, and has normal shape.
The parabola, y = –3(x + 1)2 + 12, has its vertex at (–1, 12), opens down, and its shape is
narrower. The y-coordinates are multiplied by 3.
y

y = (x  3)2

 16 

 12

9

y = 3(x  1)2  12

2
  
3 1 1 3 x

The solution to this system of equations is the point at which the two functions intersect,
or (0, 9).

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2. The sum of two numbers is 22. Their product is 117.

a) Write a system of equations to represent this problem. (1 mark) (Lesson 1)
Answer:
Let the first number be represented by m and the second number be represented by
n. The system of equations is:
m + n = 22


mn = 117


b) Solve the system of equations to find the two numbers. (3 marks)

Answer:
Substitute m = 22 – n into nm = 117.
(22 – n)(n) = 117
22n – n2 – 117 = 0
n2 – 22n + 117 = 0
(n – 13)(n – 9) = 0
n = 13 or n = 9
Substituting into the equation m = 22 – n, you get:
n = 13 n=9
m = 22 – n m = 22 – n
m = 22 – 13 m = 22 – 9
m = 9 m = 13
Therefore, the two numbers are 9 and 13.

Final Practice Exam Answer Key 19 of 34

3. Solve the following inequalities by graphing. (2 marks each for a total of 6 marks)
a) y < 3x – 8 (Lesson 3)
Answer:
The slope of the line is 3. The y-intercept is –8. The boundary line is dotted and the
shading is below the line.
y

2 x

 y < 3x  8

8 

b) 0 £ x2 – 4 (Lesson 4)
Answer:
You are interested in the domain where the expression is greater than or equal to 0.
Write x2 – 4 ³ 0 and write the corresponding function as y = x2 – 4. The parabola has
its vertex at (0, –4), opens up, and has normal shape.
y

y = x2  4

 
2 2 x

The parabola crosses the x-axis at –2

and 2. The parabola lies on or above
the x-axis when x £ –2 and when
4
 x ³ 2. Therefore, the solution set is
{x|x £ -2 or x ³ 2, x Î Â}.

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c) y > (x + 1)2 – 3 (Lesson 5)

Answer:
The parabola has its vertex at (–1, –3), opens up, and has normal shape. The
boundary line is dotted and the region above the parabola is shaded.
y
y > (x + 1)2  3
 

 

2 x

 

4

Final Practice Exam Answer Key 21 of 34

4. Use the sign analysis method to solve the following quadratic inequality. (3 marks)
0 £ 2x2 – 5x – 3 (Lesson 4)
Answer:
Write as 2x2 – 5x – 3 ³ 0.
You want to consider all values of the expression that are greater than or equal to zero.
Factoring the corresponding quadratic equation:
2x2 – 5x – 3 = 0
2x2 – 6x + x – 3 = 0
2x(x – 3) + 1(x – 3) = 0
(2x + 1)(x – 3) = 0
2x + 1 = 0, x – 3 = 0
1
x = − or x = 3
2
1
The critical points are  and 3.
2

Factor Sign Diagram

 + +
2x + 1 x
1
2

  +
x3 x
3

+  +
(2x + 1)(x  3)
x
1 3
2

The solution set contains the points where 2x2 – 5x – 3 ³ 0 and is
 1 
x|x ≤ − or x ≥ 3 , x ∈ ℜ.
 2 

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Module 7: Trigonometry (23 marks)

1. P(2, –3) is a point on the terminal side of angle q in standard position. Determine sin q,
cos q, and tan q for the following point. Also, determine the distance from the origin to
the point P(2, –3). Rationalize any denominators. (5 marks) (Lesson 1)
Answer:
2 y
r = 2 2 + (−3) = 13

y −3 −3 13  2
sin θ = = =
r 13 13 
x

x 2 2 13
cos θ = = = r
3
r 13 13
y −3 3
tan θ = = =−
x 2 2  P(2, 3)

Final Practice Exam Answer Key 23 of 34

2. Given the following angles in standard position, determine the exact values of the sine,
cosine, and tangent ratios. Show how you determined the exact values. (2 marks each, for
a total of 4 marks) (Lesson 3)
a) 240°
Answer:
qr = 240° – 180° = 60°
y
− 3
sin 240° =
2
1 −1
60° x cos 240° =
 2
3 − 3
tan 240° = = 3
2 −1

b) 45°
Answer:
qr = 45°
y
1
sin 45° =
2
1
cos 45° =
2 2
1
tan 45° = 1


45°
1 x

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3. Sketch the angle 342° in standard position and find its reference angle. Determine the
other angles that have the same reference angle as the given angle for q in the interval
[0°, 360°]. (3 marks) (Lesson 2)
Answer:
y

 = 342°

x


The reference angle for 342° is 360° – 342° = 18°.
The other angles that have this same reference angle are:
18° in Quadrant I
180° – 18° = 162° in Quadrant II
180° + 18° = 198° in Quadrant III

Final Practice Exam Answer Key 25 of 34

4. Determine the solution set for each of the following trigonometric equations over the
interval [0°, 360°]. Round to the nearest degree where necessary. (2 marks each, for a total
of 4 marks) (Lesson 2)
1
a) cos θ =
5
Answer:
1
θ r = cos−1 
5

θ r = 78°

As cos q > 0, q must be in Quadrants I or IV.

In Quadrant I, q = 78°.
In Quadrant IV, q = 360° – 78° = 282°.

b) sin q – 1 = 0
Answer:
sin q = 1
This is a quadrantal angle through the point (0, 1) and only occurs when q is 90°.

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5. In DABC, ÐC = 41°, c = 6, and a = 8. Find all possible values for b and ÐB. Draw a
diagram and round off answers to two decimal places. (5 marks) (Lessons 4 and 6)
Answer:
Since AB < BC, find h: B
h = 8 sin 41° = 5.25
Since h < AB, there are two solutions. 8 6
h
Draw two triangles and solve.
41°
C A

B1 B2

8 6 8
6

41° 41°
C1 A1 C2 A2
b1 b2

6 8
=
sin 41° sin A
6 sin A = 8 sin 41°
8 sin 41°
sin A =
6
 8 sin 41° 
∠A = sin−1 
 6 
∠A related = 61.01° , with ∠A in Quadrants I and II.

∠A 1 = 61.01° ∠A 2 = 180°− 61.01°

∠B1 = 180°−( 41° + 61.01° ) = 118.99°

∠B 2 = 180°−( 41° + 118.99° )
= 77.99°
= 20.01°
6 b1
= 6 b2
sin 41° sin 77.99° =
sin 41° sin 20.01°
6 sin 77.99°
b1 = 6 sin 20.01°
sin 41° b2 =
sin 41°
b1 = 8.95 units
b2 = 3.13 units or 3.14 units

Final Practice Exam Answer Key 27 of 34

6. Find the measure of ÐA in DABC (to the nearest degree). (2 marks) (Lesson 5)
C

4 6

A B
7

Answer:
a2 = b 2 + c 2 − 2 bc cos A
6 2 = 4 2 + 7 2 − 2 ( 4 )(7 ) cos A
6 2 − 4 2 − 7 2 =−2 ( 4 )(7 ) cos A
−29 =−56 cos A
0.517857 = cos A
A = cos−1 (0.517857 )
∠A = 59°

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Module 8: Absolute Value and Reciprocal Functions (19 marks)

1. Evaluate. (1 mark each, for a total of 2 marks) (Lesson 1)
a) 4| 3(–7) + 4 | – 3
Answer:
4| 3(–7) + 4 | – 3
= 4| –17 | – 3
= 4(17) – 3
= 65
b) –2| –2(3) + 1 | + 5
Answer:
–2| –2(3) + 1 | + 5
= –2| –5 | + 5
= –2(5) + 5
= –5

2. Solve the following absolute value equation algebraically. (4 marks) (Lesson 3)

x2 – x | = 6
| 
Answer:
Case 1: x2 – x = 6 and x2 – x ³ 0
x – x – 6 = 0
2
x(x – 1) = 0
(x – 3)(x + 2) = 0 x = 0, 1
x = 3, – 2 +  +
 
0 1 x

x Î (–¥, 0] È [1, ¥)
Since x = 3 is in the interval [1, ¥) and x = –2 is in the interval (–¥, 0], both are solutions.
Case 2: –(x2 – x) = 6 and x2 – x < 0
–x + x = 6
2

–x + x – 6 = 0
2

x2 – x + 6 = 0
b2 – 4ac = (–1)2 – 4(1)(6)
= 1 – 24
= –23
There is no solution.
Therefore, the solutions to this absolute value equation are x = 3 and x = –2

Final Practice Exam Answer Key 29 of 34

3. Solve the following absolute value equation graphically. (4 marks)
x + 4 | = 5
|  (Lesson 3)
Answer:
From the left side of the equation, graph y = |x + 4|. From the right side, graph y = 5.
The two graphs intersect at the points (–9, 5) and (1, 5). The solutions for the equation are
x = –9 and x = 1.
y

y = |x + 4|

 5
y=5
4


9 4 x

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4. Sketch the graph of the reciprocal of the given function. State the equation(s) of the
horizontal and vertical asymptote(s). (4 marks) (Lesson 4)
y = 2x – 6
Answer:
1
The reciprocal function is: f ( x ) =
2x −6
y-intercept: Find f(0):
1 1 1
f (0) = = =−
2 (0 )− 6 −6 6
Vertical asymptote:
2x – 6 = 0
2x = 6
x = 3
Horizontal asymptote: The horizontal asymptote is the line y = 0.
Invariant points:
Let 2 x − 6 = 1 or 2 x − 6 =−1
2x = 7 2x = 5
7 5
x= x=
2 2

7  5 
The invariant points are  , 1 and  , − 1.
2  2 

Final Practice Exam Answer Key 31 of 34

 Draw the curve:
y

1
y=
2x  6

1 

4 x
1 

x=3

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1
5. Given the graph of y = ( ) , sketch the graph of y = f(x). (5 marks) (Lesson 5)
f x
y

1
 1,  
9

x
 

x = 2 x=4

Answer:
The vertical asymptotes of this reciprocal graph are at x = –2 and x = 4, and are thus the
x-intercepts in the graph of f(x). In other words, f(x) is of the form f(x) = a(x + 2)(x – 4).
 1
The key point is  1, − . The corresponding point in the graph of the function, f(x), is
 9
(1, –9).

The invariant points can be read from the graph and are approximately (–2.2, 1), (4.2, 1),
(–1.8, –1), and (3.8, –1).

Final Practice Exam Answer Key 33 of 34

 The parabola has its vertex at (1, –9) and opens up.
y

y = fx

 
 
2 1 4 x
 

9 

34 of 34 Grade 11 Pre-C alculus Mathematic s