Tutorial 1: A Review of AC Circuit Analysis and Frequency Response Analysis

EE 334: Power Systems
Tutorial 1: A Review of AC Circuit Analysis and

Frequency Response Analysis
Problem 1 A phasor diagram for a series R-L circuit (shown in Figure 1a) is shown in Figure 1b. The
phasor diagram has been drawn by taking sin(2π50t) as the reference phasor (1∠0◦ ). If sin(2π 50 (t − 0.005))
is taken as the reference phasor, then redraw the phasor diagram with respect to the new reference.
(a) Circuit for Problem 1 (b) Phasor diagram for Problem 1
Figure 1: Circuit and phasor diagram for Problem 1
Note: The angle of a phasor is measured as positive in the anti-clockwise direction, as shown in
Figure 1b.
Problem 2 A capacitor C is connected as shown in Fig. 2a. The input voltage source vs (t) is
vs (t) = 100 sin(2π × 50t) V
(i) Evaluate the expression of the sinusoidal steady state current i(t) for C = 100 µF.
(ii) Find the value of C that will maximise the amplitude of the steady state current i(t). Write the
expressions for vL (t) and vC (t) in steady state under this condition. Comment on the amplitudes
of vc (t) and vL (t) with reference to that of vs (t).
Problem 3 For the circuit shown in Fig. 2b, the parameters are as follows:
v(t) = 50 sin(2π × 50t + 30◦ ) V, i(t) = 10 sin(2π × 50t − 10◦ ) A
and R1 = 5 Ω, R2 = 3 Ω, L = 10 mH, R3 = 2 Ω and C = 0.8 mF. Find the steady state expression vR (t)
of the voltage across the resistor R3 .
Tutorial № 1 Page 1 / 5
(a) Circuit for Problem 2 (b) Circuit for Problem 3
Figure 2: Circuits for Problem 2 and 3
Problem 4 For the circuit shown in Figure 3a, the voltage source vs (t) is given as
vs (t) = 100 sin(2π × 50t) V
Initially the capacitor C is not connected. For the given values of R and L, find the power factor of the
R-L load. Find the value of the capacitor C required to improve the power factor as seen by the source
to 0.95 (lag).
Problem 5 For the circuit shown in Figure 3b, the voltage source vs (t) is given as
vs (t) = 50 sin(2π × 50t + 45◦ ) V.
Find the value of the impedance Z that will extract maximum real power from the source.
Problem 6 For the circuit shown in Figure 4a, the expression of the voltage source vs (t) is
vs (t) = 50 sin(100t − 25◦ ) V.
Find the steady state expression of i(t) by using (i) KCL and KVL applied to the two loops, and (ii)
Thevenin equivalent circuit.
Problem 7 For the circuit shown in Figure 4b, the expression of the voltage source vs (t) is
vs (t) = 100 sin(2π × 50t + 45◦ ) V.
Find the steady state expressions of the current i(t), inductor voltage vL (t), capacitor voltage vC (t) and
the resistor voltage vR (t) for C = 150 µF, 202.85 µF and 250 µF. Draw the phasor diagrams of the
aforementioned quantities for the different values of C.
Problem 8 For the circuit shown in Fig. 5, consider the initial inductor current is zero. The AC voltage
source vs (t) is given as
vs (t) = 100 sin(2π × 50t + α) V
• If the switch S is closed at time t = 0, find the initial phase of the voltage source α so that there
is no natural transient present in the current i(t). Hence, find the expression of the current i(t) in
steady state.
• For α = 0, find the time instant t (0 ≤ t ≤ 10 ms) at which the switch S should be closed so that
there is no natural transient present in the current i(t).
Figure 5: Circuit for Problem 8
Problem 9 For the circuit shown in Figure 6a, the expression of the voltage source vs (t) is
vs (t) = 50 sin(2π × 50t + 30◦ ) + 10 sin(2π × 500t) V
(a) A low pass filter is to be designed to eliminate the 10th harmonic component. Design a first-order filter
for this purpose. Realize the filter using R-C components and comment on the nature of the frequency
response of the filter. Write down the steady state expression of the filtered output voltage vo (t).
(b) The filtered output is to be given as an input to a resistive load R. What is the overall transfer function
when a resistance R of (i) 200 Ω, (ii) 20 kΩ is connected at the filter output? Comment on the nature of
the modification of the transfer function in each case.
Problem 10 For the circuit shown in Figure 6b, the expression of the voltage source vs (t) is
vs (t) = 50 sin(2π × 50t − 3◦ ) + 10 sin(2π × 250t) + 5 sin(2π × 750t + 15◦ ) V.
Evaluate the transfer function between the input vs (t) and the output vo (t). Comment on the nature of
the frequency response. Evaluate the expression of the output voltage vo (t) in sinusoidal steady state.
Problem 11 For the circuit shown in Figure 7a, the voltage source vs (t) is given as
vs (t) = 100 sin(2π × 50t + 30◦ ) V
Calculate the steady state branch voltages and currents. If the branch voltage and branch current of the
ith branch be V̄k and I¯k , then show that ΣV̄k I¯∗ = 0 over the entire network.
k
Figure 7: Circuits for Problems 11 and 12
Problem 12 For the circuit shown in Figure 7b, the voltage source vs (t) is given by
vs (t) = 5 + 10 sin(2π × 50t + 30◦ ) + 3 sin(2π × 150t − 60◦ ) + 0.5 sin(2π × 300t) V
Find the average power dissipated in the 10 Ω resistance in steady state.
Problem 13 For the circuit shown in Figure 8a, the voltage source vs (t) is a square wave of frequency
100 Hz, as shown in Figure 8b. For C = 0.25 µF and C = 50 µF and assuming initial capacitor voltage
vc (0) = 0 V, determine the transfer function between vAB (t) and vs (t). Find the nature of response and
the steady state expression of vAB (t) for the different values of C.
(a) Circuit for Problem 13 (b) Voltage waveform vs (t)
Figure 8: Circuit and voltage waveform for Problem 13
Problem 14 Two low-pass filters are as shown in Figure 9. Compute the following things for each of
the filters:
• transfer function between the output voltage and the input voltage,
• low frequency and high frequency gain,
• characterisation of low frequency and high frequency,
• gain sensitivity dG
dω at high frequency.
Based on the results obtained, which one will you prefer to use as a low-pass filter?
Figure 9: Low pass filters

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EE 334: Power Systems

Tutorial 1: A Review of AC Circuit Analysis and

(a) Circuit for Problem 1 (b) Phasor diagram for Problem 1

Figure 1: Circuit and phasor diagram for Problem 1

vs (t) = 100 sin(2π × 50t) V

v(t) = 50 sin(2π × 50t + 30◦ ) V, i(t) = 10 sin(2π × 50t − 10◦ ) A

(a) Circuit for Problem 2 (b) Circuit for Problem 3

Figure 2: Circuits for Problem 2 and 3

vs (t) = 100 sin(2π × 50t) V

(a) Circuit for Problem 4 (b) Circuit for Problem 5

Figure 3: Circuits for Problem 4 and 5

vs (t) = 50 sin(2π × 50t + 45◦ ) V.

vs (t) = 50 sin(100t − 25◦ ) V.

vs (t) = 100 sin(2π × 50t + 45◦ ) V.

(a) Circuit for Problem 6 (b) Circuit for Problem 7

Figure 4: Circuits for Problem 6 and 7

Figure 5: Circuit for Problem 8

vs (t) = 50 sin(2π × 50t + 30◦ ) + 10 sin(2π × 500t) V

(a) Circuit for Problem 9 (b) Circuit for Problem 10

Figure 6: Circuits for Problem 9 and 10

vs (t) = 50 sin(2π × 50t − 3◦ ) + 10 sin(2π × 250t) + 5 sin(2π × 750t + 15◦ ) V.

vs (t) = 100 sin(2π × 50t + 30◦ ) V

(a) Circuit for Problem 11 (b) Circuit for Problem 12

Figure 7: Circuits for Problems 11 and 12

Find the average power dissipated in the 10 Ω resistance in steady state.

(a) Circuit for Problem 13 (b) Voltage waveform vs (t)

Figure 8: Circuit and voltage waveform for Problem 13

• low frequency and high frequency gain,

• characterisation of low frequency and high frequency,

Figure 9: Low pass filters

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