Lecture 7 (Seismic Zonation of India)

Topic: Seismic Zonation in India Teacher In-charge
Dr. Rouf A Shah
Seismic Zoning
Seismic Zoning can be defined as a process by which areas are subdivided into seismic zones based
on expected of ground motion, which is expressed in terms of peak horizontal ground acceleration
(PGA) or peak ground velocity (PGV). On the other way, seismic Zonation demarcates equal
hazard with respect to a characteristic of strong ground shaking and of site or structural response.
A seismic zoning map differs from seismicity map by the fact that it specifies the levels of force
or ground motions for earthquake resistance design, whereas seismicity map provides location and
characteristics of earthquakes.
Importance of Seismic Zonation
Seismic zonation is a process, which provided information about any decision making for urban
regional planning or for earthquake design in earthquake areas. In principle, seismic zoning map
is the main source for zoning, which is displaying quantities related to the expected frequency and
intensity of shaking caused by earthquakes. The task of seismic zoning is multidisciplinary and
involves the best of inputs from geologists, geotechnical’s, seismologists, earthquake and
structural engineers. The rapid urbanization due to population outburst, coming up of mega cities
in potential seismic zones is the main reason for seismic hazard in India.
Seismic Zones of India (BIS-2002)
The Indian subcontinent has a history of devastating earthquakes. The major reason for the high
frequency and intensity of the earthquakes is that the Indian plate is driving into Asia at a rate of
approximately 47 mm/year. Geographical statistics of India show that almost 54% of the land is
vulnerable to earthquakes. The latest version of seismic zoning map of India (Fig.1) given in the
earthquake resistant design code of India [IS 1893 (Part 1) 2002] assigns four levels of seismicity
for India in terms of zone factors. In other words, the earthquake zoning map of India divides India
into 4 seismic zones (Zone 2, 3, 4 and 5) unlike its previous version, which consisted of five or six
zones for the country. According to the present zoning map, Zone 5 expects the highest level of
seismicity whereas Zone 2 is associated with the lowest level of seismicity.
Zone 5
Zone 5 covers the areas with the highest risks zone that suffers earthquakes of intensity MSK IX or
greater. The IS code assigns zone factor of 0.36 for Zone 5. Structural designers use this factor for
earthquake resistant design of structures in Zone 5. The zone factor of 0.36 is indicative of effective
(zero period) level earthquake in this zone. It is referred to as the Very High Damage Risk Zone.
The region of Kashmir, the Western and Central Himalayas, North and Middle Bihar, the North-
East Indian region, the Rann of Kutch and the Andaman and Nicobar group of islands fall in this
zone. Generally, the areas having trap rock or basaltic rock are prone to earthquakes.
Zone 4
This zone is called the High Damage Risk Zone and covers areas liable to MSK VIII. The IS code
assigns zone factor of 0.24 for Zone 4 Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal
Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, the parts of Indo-Gangetic plains (North
Punjab, Chandigarh, Western Uttar Pradesh, Terai, North Bengal, Sundarbans) and the capital of
the country Delhi fall in Zone 4. In Maharashtra, the Patan area (Koynanagar) is also in zone no-
4. In Bihar the northern part of the state like Raxaul, Near the border of India and Nepal, is also in
zone no-4. latur, maharashtra is also in zone 4
Zone 3
This zone is classified as Moderate Damage Risk Zone which is liable to MSK VII. and also 7.8
The IS code assigns zone factor of 0.16 for Zone 3.
Zone 2
This region is liable to MSK VI or less and is classified as the Low Damage Risk Zone. The IS
code assigns zone factor of 0.10 (maximum horizontal acceleration that can be experienced by a
structure in this zone is 10% of gravitational acceleration) for Zone 2.
Zone 1
Since the current division of India into earthquake hazard zones does not use Zone 1, no area of
India is classed as Zone 1.

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Topic: Seismic Zonation in India Teacher In-charge

Dr. Rouf A Shah

Importance of Seismic Zonation

Seismic Zones of India (BIS-2002)

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