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Hypertension

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is defined as a systolic blood pressure over 140 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure over 90 mmHg based on multiple readings. It is often called the "silent killer" because many people have no symptoms. The main types are primary hypertension, which makes up 90% of cases and has no identifiable cause, and secondary hypertension, which is related to an identified medical issue in less than 10% of cases. Risk factors include increasing age, family history, male gender until age 55, and black race.

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35 views2 pages

Hypertension

Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is defined as a systolic blood pressure over 140 mmHg or a diastolic blood pressure over 90 mmHg based on multiple readings. It is often called the "silent killer" because many people have no symptoms. The main types are primary hypertension, which makes up 90% of cases and has no identifiable cause, and secondary hypertension, which is related to an identified medical issue in less than 10% of cases. Risk factors include increasing age, family history, male gender until age 55, and black race.

Uploaded by

Wiljohn de la Cruz
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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HYPERTENSION

Is defined by the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection,
Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC 7), as a systolic blood pressure
greater than 100 mmHg and a diastolic pressure greater than 90 mmHg based on the
average of two or more accurate blood pressure measurements taken during two or more
contacts with a health care provider.
Sometimes called the “silent killer” because people who have it are often symptom free.
AKA high blood pressure
Acute coronary syndrome events such as a “heart attacks” are still the most common result
of HPN.

Classification of Blood Pressure for Adults Age 18 and older

BP Classification Sytolic BP (mmHg) Diastolic BP (mmHg)


Normal < 120 and < 80
Pre hypertension 120 – 139 or 80 – 89
Stage I 140 – 159 or 90 – 99
Stage II > 160 or > 100

TYPES OF HYPERTENSIVE DISEASE, ETIOLOGY AND SEVERITY

A. PRIMARY HYPERTENSION
 Also known as Essential or Idiopathic Hypertension
 The etiology is multifactoral, with no identifiable cause, but several interacting
homeostatic forces are generally involved.
 About 90% of all hypertensive’s have primary HPN.

B. SECONDARY HPN
 Related to identified causes.
 Fewer than 5% to 8% of adult hypertensive clients.

CAUSES:
1. KIDNEY Disease – any disease that affects renal blood flow/renal function can lead to
HPN.
( narrowing of the renal arteries, renal parenhymal disease)
2. Coartation of the Aoarta – narrowing of the aorta, which causes decrease renal perfusion.
3. Neurologic disorders – increase ICP causes elevated BP as the body attempts to maintain
cerebral blood flow.
4. Hyperadosteronism (mineralocorticoid HPN)
5. Drug Use
Estrogen & oral contraceptives – may lead to HPN, due to Na & H2O retention &
affecting the RAAS.
Cocaine/Metamphetamine – increase SVR and C.O. related to HPN.
6. Pregnancy
NON MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS

1. FAMILY HISTORY
Studies show a genetic link of HPN
People with positive family history of HPN are twice at risk than those with no
history.

2. AGE
Older persons are at greater risk for HPN than younger persons.
Primary HPN typically appears between the ages of 30 and 50 years. The
incidence of HPN increases with age; 50% to 60% of clients older than 60 years
have a blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg.
Aging affects baroreceptors involved in BP regulations as well as arterial
compliance. As the arteries become less complaint, pressure with the vessel
increase.

3. GENDER
It is higher in men than in women until the about age 55 years. Between ages of
55 and 74 years, the risk in men and that in women are almost equal; then , after
age 74 years, women are at greater risk.

4. RACE/ ETHNICITY
Mortality statistics indicate that the death rate for adults with hypertension is
lowest for white women at 4.74%; white men have the next lowest rate at 6.3%,
and black men have the next lowest at 22.5%; highest for black women at 29.3%.
The exact mechanism for is not yet understood, but the increase has been
attributed to lower rennin levels, greater sensitivity to vasopressin, higher salt
intake, and greater environmental stress.

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