Index

Index terms Links

A
Alternating stress
brittle material 45
ductile material 44
Analysis
finite element method 441
Angle section 400 433
Area
gross 6
net 6

B
B-spline
curve 476
solid 479
surface 478
Bar
hole in torsion 376
transverse hole 229 342
torsion 245
with hole 242
Bar in bending
transverse hole 363
Beam 105
circular hole 355
deep hyperbolic 70
elliptical hole 357
flat bottom notch 71

501
502
Index terms Links

Beam (Continued)
multiple notch 71
semicircular 70
semicircular notch 71
semielliptical notch 71
shoulder fillet 416
U-shaped notch 70
V-shaped notch 70
with elliptical hole 240
with hole 239 355
with slot 240
with square hole 105 240
Bending 105 143
circumferential groove 72
circumferential shoulder fillet 143
crankshaft 429 430
curved bar 394 425
cylindrical 242
elliptical shoulder fillet 143
fatigue strength 72
fillet 159 163 164 165
filleted bars 160
flat thin member with fillet 143
flat-bottom groove 73 125
groove 125
hyperbolic groove 72 121
hyperbolic notch 72 109
keyseat 379
plate 72
thin element with fillet 143
U-shaped groove 72 123
Bending, beam 110
flat-bottom groove 115 125
flat bottom notch 114
groove 125
 503
Index terms Links

Bending, beam (Continued)

notch 104 112
semicircular notch 104 111
semielliptical bottom notch 113
shallow notch 107
U-shaped groove 124
U-shaped notch 106 108
V-shaped notch 108
Bending, plate
deep notch 120
elliptical notch 118
hyperbolic notch 116
rectangular notch 117
semicircular notch 117 119
triangular notch 117
Bending, rod
U-shaped groove 122
Bolt 387
Bolt and nut 377 387
Bolt head
fastening factor 389
Box section 400 434
Brittle material 25
Maximum Stress Criterion 43
Mohr's theory 43
Brown-Srawley formula
crack 215

C
Cauchy's strain tensor 446
Cavity
ellipsoidal 232
elliptical 348
elliptical cross-section 347
row of ellipsoidal 350
504
Index terms Links

Cavity (Continued)
spherical 232
spherical in panels and cylinders 349
Cholesky factorization 460
Circular cavity 347
Circular hole 441
Combined alternating and static stresses 45
Compatibility equation 13
Compound
fillet 172
Compressor-blade fastening factor 389
Computational methods 441
Computer-aided design (CAD) 476
Computer-aided geometric design (CAGD) 476
Constitutive equations 446
Crack 50 215
Brown-Srawley formula 215
Fedderson formula 215
Koiter formula 215
Crane hook 399
Crankshaft 398
bending 429
Curved bar 377 425
bending 394
crane hook 399
Cylinder
circular hole 440
hole 186
hole in torsion 375
internal pressure 438
pressurized 402 440
spherical cavity 246
thick 403
with hole 259
 505
Index terms Links

Cylindrical bending 242

Cylindrical pressure vessel
torispherical cap 403

D
Depression
hemispherical 67
hyperboloid 67
shallow 97
spherical 69
tension 67
Design modification 484
local approximation 485
sequential linear programming 487
Design relation 41
Design sensitivity analysis (DSA)
adjoint variable method 469
continuum system 471
design derivative 468
design velocity field 470 475
direct differentiation method 469
finite differences 468
material derivative 472
semianalytical method 471
stresses 474
structural volume 474
Design space 444
Design velocity field 475
Diaphragm 175
Dimple 69
Disk 400 434
Ductile material 25
506
Index terms Links

E
Effective stress concentration factor 36
Ellipse
equivalent 225
Ellipsoidal cavity 348 350
Elliptical cylindrical inclusion 351 352
Elliptical hole 319
crack 215
infinite row 224
internal pressure 224
optimal slot end 330
reinforcement 225
single 215
Elliptical notch 23
Equilibrium equations 13 446
Equivalent ellipse 24 225
Equivalent elliptical
hole 62
notch 62
Equivalent stress 29 193 224 246
Essential boundary conditions 446

F
Factor of safety 41
Failure theories 24
Coulomb-Mohr theory 26
Guest's theory 28
Internal Friction theory 26
Maximum Distortion Energy theory 29
maximum shear theory 27 28
maximum stress criterion 25
Maxwell-Huber-Hencky theory 29
Mohr's theory 26
normal stress criterion 25
 507
Index terms Links

Failure theories (Continued)

Octahedral Shear Stress theory 29
Rankine criterion 25
Treseca's theory 28
von Mises criterion 28
Fatigue notch factor 38 386
Fatigue strength 177
Fatigue stress 178
Fedderson formula
crack 215
Fillet 135 143 379 479 492
bar in bending 160
bending 137 164
circumferential 142
compound 140 145 172
conical 142
elliptical bending 163
flat tension bar 152
noncircular 139
parabolic 141
plate 137
pressure vessel 158
shoulder 150
stepped bar 164
stepped flat bar 159
stepped flat tension bar 151 156
stepped tension bar 156
streamline 141
tapered 142
tension 137
tension bar 152
torsion 166
tube 157
variable radius 139
508
Index terms Links

Finite element method

analysis 445
backward substitution 460
blending function method 455
Cholesky factorization 460
circular hole 441
connectivity matrix 457
element load vector 450
element stiffness matrix 449
forward substitution 460
Gauss elimination method 460
Gaussian quadrature 455
global kinematic matrix 457
h-refinement 450
hierarchical shape function 455
hp-refinement 450
incidence matrix 457
interpolation functions 449
isoparametric mapping 454
Jacobian Matrix 454
Lagrange element 452
locator matrix 457
mapping function 454
numerical integration 455
p-refinement 450
reduced stiffness matrix 458
serendipity element 452
shape functions 449
stress computation 460
subparametric mapping 454
superparametric mapping 455
system load vector 458
system stiffness matrix 458
Finite element solution
circular hole 441
 509
Index terms Links

Flange
circular with holes 316
Form factor 6
Fosterite model 388
Fretting corrosion 386

G
Gauss elimination 460
Gaussian quadrature 456
Gear 385
Gear teeth 377 383
Gear tooth fillet 412
Gordon solid 479
Gordon surface 479
Groove 59
bending 134
flat bottom 70 102 115 125 133
hyperbolic 69 98 121 127
tension 69 134
U-shaped 69 99 122 128
V-shaped 132
Groove, bending
circumferential 72
fatigue strength 72
flat-bottom 73
hyperbolic 72
U-shaped 72
Gross cross-sectional area 6

H
Helical spring
cross section 427
rectangular 427
round wire 397 426
510
Index terms Links

Helical spring (Continued)

square wire 397 426
torsion 428
torsion spring 398
Wahl correction factor 395 426
Hessian matrix 488
Heywood formula 183 227
Hole
area ratio 275 277 279
circular 175 256
circular pattern 315
circular pattern with internal pressure 318
circular with internal pressure 317
circular with lobe under tension 331
comparison of various shapes 337
cross hole 236
diamond pattern under tension 313
elliptical 175 211 357
elliptical in shear 364
elliptical in tension 319 330
elliptical row in tension 325
elliptical under biaxial loading 323
elliptical with bead reinforcement, biaxial loading 327
elliptical with reinforcement 365
in bar 245 342 363
in beam 239 355
in cylinder 259
in panel 262 282
in plate 240 358
in shear 370
in shear with reinforcement 365 367
in sphere 261
in tube 245 342 363
in twisted plate 374
inclined 231
 511
Index terms Links

Hole (Continued)
inclined in panel 345
inclusion 175
internal pressure 199 281
intersecting 236
L hole 236
multiple 175
multiple in panel 370
multiple in plate 360 362
multiple under biaxial loading 301 304
multiple under tension 299 302
nuclear reactor 238
ovaloid 225
pattern in shear 371
pattern under biaxial loading 310
patterns 238
rectangular 175 227
rectangular in shear 366
rectangular pattern under tension 312
rectangular under biaxial loading 333
rectangular with rounded corners 333
reinforced 188 262
shear 243
shell under torsion 245
square in shear 367
square pattern under biaxial loading 309 311
square with reinforcement 367
square with reinforcement, biaxial loading 338
star-shaped 238
T hole 236
tension at angle to line of holes 284
tension parallel to line of holes 282
tension perpendicular to line of holes 283
three under biaxial loading 306
torsion 243
512
Index terms Links

Hole (Continued)
triangular 228
triangular under biaxial loading 340
tunnel 236
twisted plate 244
two under biaxial loading 285
two unequal holes in tension 293
two unequal holes under biaxial loading 295
two unequal in shear 368
volume ratio 276 278 280
Hollow roller
external concentrated loads 437
internal concentrated 402 436
Hook 377

I
Impact
test specimen 112
Inclusion 175
cylindrical 234
ellipsoidal 234
elliptical cylindrical 351
modulus of elasticity 176
row 352
spherical 234
Infeasible
design 444
Infinite plate
with elliptical hole 241
with row of elliptical holes 242
Intersecting holes
cross hole 237
L hole 237
T hole 237
 513
Index terms Links

J
Jacobian matrix 454
Joint
lug 343
multiple holes 344
pin 229 343

K
Keyseat 377
bending 379 408
circular cross section 408
combined bending and torsion 410
end milled 379
fatigue failure 381
keyseat 408
semicircular 409
semicircular end 408 410
sled-runner 379
torsion 380 409
Koiter formula
crack 215
Kuhn-Hardrath formula 40
Kuhn-Tucker conditions 489

L
Lagrange element 453
Lamé solution 402
Lamé's displacement equations 446
Limit design factor 42
Localized stress concentration 15
Lug
round-ended 393 423 424
square-ended 392 422 424
Lug joint 343 377 391
514
Index terms Links

M
Maximum-shear theory 25
Maximum-stress criterion 25
Membrane 175
Membrane analogy 9
Minimum stress design 492
fillet 492
Minimum weight design 491
Mitchell formula 227
Mohr's theory 25

N
Net cross-sectional area 6
Neuber's factor 61
Neuber's formula 61
Neuber's method 20 72
Neuber's solution 70
Nominal stress 4
Nonlocal stress concentration 15
Notch 59
bending 134
deep 120
elliptical 82 118
flat bottom 65 90 94 114
hyperbolic 81 88 03 109 116
126
multiple 66
rectangular 117
semicircular 83 92 104 111 117
119
semielliptical 113
single semicircular 63
tension 62 134
torsion 134
 515
Index terms Links

Notch (Continued)
triangular 117
U-shaped 63 82 94 105 108
110
V-shaped 65 87 108
Notch sensitivity 36 177 388
Notch, beams
deep hyperbolic 70
flat bottoms 71
multiple 71
semicircular 70
semielliptical 71
U-shaped 70
V-shaped 70
Nozzle 232
Numerical integration 456
Nut 387
Nuts and bolts 377

O
Optimization 484
BFGS method 489
computational methods 441
conservative approximation 489
convex approximation 489
equality constraint 490
finite element method 441
Kuhn-Tucker conditions 489
local approximation 485
minimum stress design 492
minimum weight design 491
reciprocal approximation 489
sequential linear programming 487
sequential quadratic programming 488
shape 441 445
516
Index terms Links

Optimization (Continued)
sizing 444
topology 445
weight 198
Ovaloid 225

P
Panel 59 135 175
circular hole 256
circular hole in shear 368
circular pattern of holes 315 318
diamond pattern of holes 313
diamond pattern of holes in shear 373
double row of holes 208
eccentric hole 317
elliptical hole 319 324 330
elliptical hole in shear 364
elliptical hole with bead reinforcement 327
elliptical in shear 366
elliptical row of holes 325
hole 282
hole with lobes 331
holes at an angle 203
holes in shear 371
inclined hole 345
multiple holes 299
offset circular hole 257 258
pattern of holes in shear 371
pressurized hole 281
rectangular hole 333
rectangular pattern of holes 312
rectangular pattern of holes in shear 372
ring of holes 209
single elliptical hole 215
single row of holes 207
 517
Index terms Links

Panel (Continued)
square hole in shear 367
square pattern of holes 309 311
symmetrical pattern of holes 208
triangular pattern of holes 306
two holes 285
unequal holes 206
with hole and reinforcement 262
with hole in shear 370
pattern of holes 310
square hole 338
triangular hole 340
various shaped holes 337
Photoelastic model 388
Pin joint 343
Pin
hole joint 393
Pinned joint 229
Pit 67
Plane strain 10 461
Plane stress 10 461
Plate 175
deep notch 120
elliptical hole 361
elliptical notch 118
hyperbolic notch 116
rectangular notch 117
semicircular notch 117 119
triangular notch 117
twisted hole 244
twisted with hole 374
with a row of holes 241
with hole 175 240 358
Plates, bending
elliptical notch 72
518
Index terms Links

Plates, bending (Continued)

hyperbolic notch 72
rectangular notch 72
semicircular notch 72
Poisson's ratio 11
Press-fitted member 385
Pressure vessel 158
cylindrical 403 439
fillet 143
nozzle 232
torispherical end 403 439
Principle of virtual work 445 447
Protuberance 139
trapezoidal 154
Pulley 385

R
Rectangular hole
round-cornered 227
Reducing stress concentration
at shoulder 147
Reinforced
cylindrical opening 232
Reinforced circular hole
symmetric 192
Reinforced hole 188
nonsymmetric 191
symmetric 190
Reinforcement
L section 189
optimal shape 199
shape factor 197
Ring 402
external concentrated loads 437
 519
Index terms Links

Ring (Continued)
internal concentrated 436
Roller 377
Rotating disk 377 400
central hole 434
noncentral hole 435

S
Saint Venant's semi-inverse method 464
Sensitivity analysis 467
Sequential linear programming 487
Sequential quadratic programming 488
Serendipity element 453
Shaft
U-shaped groove 122
Shallow
notch 107
Shape factor
reinforcement 197
Shear
flat bottom 76
holes 370
hyperbolic groove 74
hyperbolic notch 74 126
panel with hole 364
panel with two holes 368
U-shaped groove 74
V-shaped groove 76
Shear stress
circular hole 243
elliptical hole 243
pattern of holes 244
rectangular hole 244
row of holes 244
520
Index terms Links

Shell
elliptical hole 261
hole 245
hole in torsion 375
torsion 245
with hole 259
Shoulder 138
narrow 139
Shoulder fillet 135
Shrink-fitted member 377 385
Sphere
elliptical hole 261
Spherical cavity 349
Splined shaft 377
torsion 383 411
Stain-displacement relationship 446
Strength theories 24
Coulomb-Mohr theory 26
Guest's theory 28
Internal friction theory 26
Maximum distortion energy theory 29
maximum shear theory 27
Maximum stress criterion 25
Maxwell-Huber-Hencky theory 29
Mohr's theory 26
Normal stress criterion 25
Octahedral shear stress theory 29
Rankine criterion 25
Treseca's theory 28
von Mises criterion 28
Stress concentration
analysis 441
design 441
multiple 21
normal stress 3
 521
Index terms Links

Stress concentration (Continued)

reduction 174
shear stress 3
torsion 3
Stress concentration factor
accuracy 9
brittle material 37
cavity 232
combined load 32
ductile material 36
effective 36
equivalent 229
fatigue notch factor 38
gray cast iron 37
gross cross-sectional area 177
net stress 177
nominal stress 177
normal stress 3
principle of superposition 32
relationship to stress intensity factor 50
shear stress 3
torsion 3
wide panel 227
Stress intensity factor 50
relationship to stress concentration factor 50
Stress raisers 14
Structural optimization 444

T
T-head 417
T-head factor 389
Test specimen design 76
Theory of elasticity
circular hole 180
elliptical holes 211
522
Index terms Links

Theory of elasticity (Continued)

infinite thin element 180
uniaxial tension 180
weak form 447
Tooth fillet 412
Torsion
angle section 433
bar with fillet 144
box section 433
circumferential shoulder fillet 144
fillet 166
fillet, compound 174
flat-bottom groove 76 133
groove 128
helical spring 428
hole in cylinder 375
hyperbolic groove 74 127
hyperbolic notch 74
keyseat 380 409
shaft 172
shell with hole 245
splined shaft 383 411
U-shaped groove 74
V-shaped groove 76 132
Torsion and shear, direct 464
flat bottom groove 76
hyperbolic groove 74
hyperbolic notch 74
U-shaped groove 74
V-shaped groove 76
Torsion bar 464
Torsion spring 398
Triangular hole
rounded corners 228
 523
Index terms Links

Tube 157
fillet 169
hole in torsion 376
transverse hole 342
Tube in bending
transverse hole 363
Tube with a hole 242
Tunnel
cylindrical 236
hydrostatic pressure 353
Turbine-blade fastening factor 389
Twisted plate
hole 374

U
U-shaped member 399 431

V
Vessel
cylindrical 439
pressure 439
von Mises criterion 25
von Mises stress 193

W
Wahl correction factor 426
Wahl factor 395
Weld bead 139
Wheel 385
Whitworth thread 388
Width correction factor 215
524
Index terms Links

Y
Yield theories
Coulomb-Mohr theory 26
Guest's theory 28
Internal friction theory 26
maximum distortion energy theory 29
maximum shear theory 27
maximum stress criterion 25
Maxwell-Huber-Hencky theory 29
Mohr's theory 26
Normal stress criterion 25
Octahedral shear stress theory 29
Rankine criterion 25
Treseca's theory 28
von Mises criterion 28