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Signal-To-Noise Ratio (SNR)

Noise refers to any interference that makes it difficult for a receiver to interpret a message and can lead to communication breakdown. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measures the difference between the true signal and background noise, and is proportional to factors like voxel volume and number of averages/phase steps in MRI. Noise figure and noise factor measure the degradation of SNR caused by components in a signal chain, with lower values indicating better performance. Noise factor is defined as the ratio of actual output noise to the noise that would remain without the device introducing noise. Noise figure expresses noise factor in decibels and indicates how much a device's internal noise reduces the sensitivity of the amplifier to an incoming signal.

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29 views

Signal-To-Noise Ratio (SNR)

Noise refers to any interference that makes it difficult for a receiver to interpret a message and can lead to communication breakdown. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measures the difference between the true signal and background noise, and is proportional to factors like voxel volume and number of averages/phase steps in MRI. Noise figure and noise factor measure the degradation of SNR caused by components in a signal chain, with lower values indicating better performance. Noise factor is defined as the ratio of actual output noise to the noise that would remain without the device introducing noise. Noise figure expresses noise factor in decibels and indicates how much a device's internal noise reduces the sensitivity of the amplifier to an incoming signal.

Uploaded by

Aamir amn
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Question :No 02

What is Noise and Signal to Noise ratio? Explain Noise Factor/ Noise figure.
ANSWER:
NOISE :
Interference or interrruption during the processes of delivering the messge that makes it
difficult for the receiver to interpret the message. This can lead to communication
breakdown.
Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
Signal to noise ratio is a generic term which, in radiology, is a measure of true signal to
noise. In MRI the signal-to-noise ratio is measured frequently by calculating the difference
in signal intensity between the area of interest and the background.
In air, any signal present should be noise. The difference between the signal and the
background noise is divided by the standard deviation of the signal from the background -
an indication of the variability of the background noise.
Signal-to-noise ratio is proportional to the volume of the voxel and to the square root of
the number of averages and phase steps. Since averaging and increasing the phase steps
takes time, SNR is related closely to the acquisition time.
Noise figure (NF) and noise factor
(F) are measures of degradation of the signal-to-noise ratio caused by components in
a signal chain. It is a number by which the performance of an amplifier or a radio receiver
can be specified, with lower values indicating better performance.
The noise factor is defined as the ratio of the output noise power of a device to the portion
thereof attributable to thermal noise in the input termination at standard noise temperature
T0 (usually 290 K). The noise factor is thus the ratio of actual output noise to that which
would remain if the device itself did not introduce noise, or the ratio of input SNR to output
SNR.
Definition
Noise Factor
The noise factor F of a system is defined as[3]
F = S N R i/ S N R o
where SNRi and SNRo are the input and output signal-to-noise ratios respectively. The SNR
quantities are power ratios. The noise figure NF is defined as the noise factor in dB:
N F = 10 log 10 ⁡ ( F ) = 10 log 10 ⁡ ( S N R i /S N R o ) = S N R i, dB − S N R o, dB
where SNRi, dB and SNRo, dB are in decibels (dB). These formulae are only valid when the input
termination is at standard noise temperature T0 = 290 K, although in practice small
differences in temperature do not significantly affect the values.
The noise factor of a device is related to its noise temperature Te:[4]
F = 1 + T e/ T 0 .
Attenuators have a noise factor F equal to their attenuation ratio L when their physical
temperature equals T0. More generally , for an attenuator at a physical temperature T, the
noise temperature is Te = (L − 1)T, giving a noise factor
F = 1 + ( L − 1 ) T/ T 0 .
The noise figure is simply the noise factor expressed in decibels (dB).[1]
Definition
Noise Figure
Noise figure is a metric used to indicate the quality of amplifiers. It is the decibel
representation of the noise factor that determines the sensitivity of the amplifier is
decreased to an incoming signal due to its internal noise. It is defined as the ratio of total
output noise power to the output noise due to the input source. Noise figure indicates the
noise performance of a radio frequency (RF) system. Noise figure is usually measured using
standard noise generators or standard signal generators. The lower the noise figure value,
the better the performance of the RF system.
Noise figure is also known as noise factor.

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