UNIFIED SCHOOLS OF ARCHDIOCESE OF LIPA

SAN GUILLERMO ACADEMY

TALISAY, BATANGAS

S.Y. 2020-2021

Learner’s Module in English 7

First Quarter

Lesson 1 : Analogy

Overview:

When we want a concept to really sink in for a reader, we will often form a link between something they are
familiar and something that is new to them. This is called an analogy. The use of language in this manner can
often help them quickly see our point. In order to be able to create these ourselves successfully we really need
to understand the audience that we are writing this for. We have to know what would best illustrate our point.
Analogies are built by establishing a particular relationship between two words, then using that as an example
to demonstrate the same relationship between another pair of words.

These module starts out simple by relating words. As we advance through the lessons, we will have learned to
write engaging content that will resonate with our audience. We will explore new concepts that they may need
to research a bit too. Using this style of writing will help you learn to communicate your message much better.
We also define different types of relationships, such as part of a group, distinguishing characteristics, cause and
effect, and more. Students will be presented with a word pair whose relationship must be determined in order to
correctly match it with another word pair that has the same relationship. Note: Though it is tempting to say
similes and metaphors are analogies, that isn’t quite correct. Similes and metaphors are more artistic
comparisons, while analogies are more logical.

Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to:

 Define analogy and its type.

 Determine the relationship of a given set of words in analogy.
 Supply appropriate terms to complete an analogous series of words or expressions.
 Give one example for each type of analogy.

Discussion:

Have you ever encountered this kind of activity?

Can you supply the missing word to complete the activity?

small: tiny :: huge :________

ugly: pretty ::_______: bad
up: down :: over: _______
big: small ::full: ________

An ANALOGY is a term that means "word relationships." Analogies are like a word puzzle.

A word analogy draws a relationship between two words by comparing them to two other words. When you
write, it is important to understand how words are related. A word analogy shows how word pairs are related.
Once you determine how the two words are related, you find the same relationship among the pairs in the
answer choices.

Analogies test your ability to:

 Recognize the relationship between the words in a word pair
 Recognize when two-word pairs display equal relationships

To answer an analogy question, you must:

 Recognize the relationship between the words in the given word pair
 Select the answer containing words related to one another in most nearly the same way
 Recognize when two-word pairs display equal relationships

Analogies always contain two pairs of words. Solving analogies helps you develop critical thinking skills.

Analogies can be abbreviated:

Dog is to cat as man is to woman. It becomes dog : cat :: man : woman

Types of Analogies
 Antonyms and Synonyms
 Cause and Effect
 Part to Whole
 Location
 Characteristic Quality
 Degree
 Function
 Performer and Action
 Performer and Object

Antonyms

 pairs that show an opposite relationship

Examples:

 On is to off as black is to white.

 Girl is to boy as up is to down.
 night : day :: happy : sad

Synonyms

 pairs that show a similar relationship or have the same meaning.

Examples:
 Beige is to tan as Fall is to autumn.
 Couch is to sofa as bush is to shrub.
 husband : spouse :: baby : infant

Cause and Effect

 Involves a noun or verb that leads to the other word.

Examples:
 Rain is to umbrella as hungry is to eat.
 Fire is to smoke as diet is to lose weight
 thirsty : drink :: study : make good grades

Part to Whole
 pairs that show the first word as part of the second word

Examples:
  monitor is to computer as finger is to hand
 pitcher is to baseball as lettuce is to salad
 student : classroom :: leaf : tree

Location
 Where something can be found

Examples:

 Fish is to sea as moose is to Forest

 Mrs. Kelly : C-12 :: Mrs. Spears : C-13

Action and Object

 In these items, the object always receives the action.

Example:

 BOIL : EGG :: throw : ball

Performer and Action

 In these items, a person is doing something

Example:

 AUTHOR : WRITE :: Chef : Cook.

Performer and Object

 A person working with a tangible object

Example:
 Cashier : Cash :: Plumber : Pipe

Function
 How something works.

Example:

 knife : cut :: pen : write

The function of a knife is to cut, just as the function of a pen is to write

Degree

 How much of something

Example:

 chuckle : laugh :: whimper : cry

 A chuckle is a little laugh just as a whimper is a little cry.

Characteristic Quality

 Describes something

Example:
  puppies : furry :: fish : slippery
Puppies are furry, fish are slippery.

Classification
 Puts something in a category.

Examples:

 Ballet : dance :: frog : amphibian

 Ballet can be classified as a dance just like a frog can be classified as an amphibian.

Evaluation:

ACTIVITY 1
Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. ______ : trail :: grain : grail 2. particular : fussy :: ______ :

a) train subservient
b) path a) meek
c) wheat b) above
d) holy c) cranky
d) uptight
3. ______ : horse :: board : train 4. tureen : ______ :: goblet : wine
a) stable a) napkin
b) shoe b) soup
c) ride c) spoon
d) mount d) pilsner
5. 4 : 6 :: ______ : 16 6. son : nuclear :: ______ : extended

a) 2 a) father
b) 14 b) mother
c) 8 c) cousin
d) 10 d) daughters
7. coif : hair :: ______ : musical 8. feta : Greek :: provolone : ______
a) shower a) salad
b) close b) Swiss
c) praise c) blue
d) score d) Italian
9. moccasin : snake :: ______ : shoe 10. ______ : zenith :: fear : composure
a) alligator a) apex
b) waders b) heaven
c) Asp c) heights
d) loafer d) nadir

11. pill : bore :: core : ______ 12. pilfer : steal :: ______ : equip
a) center a) return
b) mug b) damage
c) bar c) exercise
d) placebo d) furnish
13. native : aboriginal :: naïve : ______ 14. junket : ______ :: junk : trash
a) learned a) trounce
b) arid b) trip
c) unsophisticated c) refuse
d) tribe d) trinket
15. ______ : festive :: funeral : somber 16. fetish : fixation :: slight : ______
a) tension a) flirt
b) soiree b) sloth
c) eulogy c) insult
d) sari d) confuse
 17. hovel : dirty :: hub : ______ 18. bog : ______ :: slumber : sleep
a) unseen a) dream
b) prideful b) foray
c) busy c) marsh
d) shovel d) night
19. . ______ : segue :: throng : mass 20. ragtime : United States :: raga :
a) subway a) cloth
b) church b) country
c) transition c) piano
d) line d) India
21. . miserly : cheap :: homogeneous : 22. skew : gloomy :: slant : ______
______ a) . glee
a) extravagant b) foible
b) unkind c) desperate
c) alike d) gloaming
d) friendly
23. eider : ______ :: cedar : tree 24. gerrymander : divide :: filibuster :
a) snow ______
b) plant a) bend
c) duck b) punish
d) pine c) delay
d) rush
25. vapid : ______ :: rapid : swift
inspired
turgid
wet
insipid

ACTIVITY 2

Supply other words or expressions that complete an analogy.

1. begin : end : : open : ___________________

2. detective : inspector : : teacher : ___________________
3. incognito : disguised : : foolish : ___________________
4. insect : mosquito : : dog : ___________________
5. nose : face : : elbow : ___________________
6. intelligence : stupidity : : beautiful : ___________________
7. bird : parrot : : vermin : ___________________
8. tires : ambulance : : knob : ___________________
9. clue : hint : : cup : ___________________
10. boy : girl : : day : ___________________

ACTIVITY 3
Give one example for each type of analogy.

Antonyms and Synonyms

Cause and Effect

 Part to Whole

Location

Characteristic Quality

Degree

Function

Performer and Action

Performer and Object

References:
https://www.mansfieldschool.com/cms/lib07/NJ01000046/Centricity/Domain/20/analogies%203-11.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR0u37Zp_vlSTxtCBZk0uKGueDtDmaApxwckVnJ9SVU78Vo7SGrejKOHQzQ
https://www.kyrene.org/cms/lib/AZ01001083/Centricity/Domain/2259/BESTAnalogy.pdf?
fbclid=IwAR0u37Zp_vlSTxtCBZk0uKGueDtDmaApxwckVnJ9SVU78Vo7SGrejKOHQzQ

Prepared by: Approved by:

KATHLENE JOYCE C. LACORTE JANICE C. MIRANDA