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    Bend Allowance Bend Deduction K-Factor

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    Vasilis Polykarpidis
    K-Factor represents the location of the neutral axis for sheet metal bending. It is a ratio of the distance from the inner face to the neutral axis to the total sheet thickness. Bend allowance is the additional length needed when bending to account for stretching, while bend deduction is the amount removed in a flat pattern to develop the bend. These values can be calculated using the K-Factor, which depends on the material, thickness, and bend radius.

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    Bend Allowance Bend Deduction K-Factor

    Uploaded by

    Vasilis Polykarpidis
    401 views5 pages
    K-Factor represents the location of the neutral axis for sheet metal bending. It is a ratio of the distance from the inner face to the neutral axis to the total sheet thickness. Bend allowance is the additional length needed when bending to account for stretching, while bend deduction is the amount removed in a flat pattern to develop the bend. These values can be calculated using the K-Factor, which depends on the material, thickness, and bend radius.

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    K-Factor

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    K-Factor-I

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    K-Factor represents the location of the neutral axis for sheet metal bending. It is a ratio of the distance from the inner face to the neutral axis to the total sheet thickness. Bend allowance is the additional length needed when bending to account for stretching, while bend deduction is the amount removed in a flat pattern to develop the bend. These values can be calculated using the K-Factor, which depends on the material, thickness, and bend radius.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    401 views5 pages

    Bend Allowance Bend Deduction K-Factor

    Uploaded by

    Vasilis Polykarpidis
    K-Factor represents the location of the neutral axis for sheet metal bending. It is a ratio of the distance from the inner face to the neutral axis to the total sheet thickness. Bend allowance is the additional length needed when bending to account for stretching, while bend deduction is the amount removed in a flat pattern to develop the bend. These values can be calculated using the K-Factor, which depends on the material, thickness, and bend radius.

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    In a series of posts we are going to review the most important

    sheet metal design terminology — Bend Allowance, Bend


    Deduction and K-Factor.
    In sheet metal bending process when metal is bent the material
    along the inner bend radius is going to undergo compression and
    the material along the outer bend radius will be stretched. The
    line where the transition from compression to stretching occurs is
    called the neutral axis or the neutral sheet. The neutral axis is
    where neither the material stretches nor compressed. Hence, the
    length of the neutral axis stay the same before and after bending
    operation. The location of the neutral axis varies and is based on
    the material’s physical properties and its thickness. It is important
    to know the location of the neutral axis for a specific sheet as we
    do all our calculations based on the neutral axis to calculate flat
    patterns. The location of the neutral axis for a specific sheet is
    defined by a factor called K-Factor.

    K-Factor
    K-Factor is a ratio that represents the location of the neutral axis
    with respect to the thickness of the sheet metal part and
    depends on material, thickness and bend radius. K-Factor (K)
    can be defined as follows:

    Where t is the distance from inside face to the neutral sheet


    and T is the sheet thickness (Figure 1). In practice, K-Factor is
    used when you don’t know the process or machine that is going
    to be used to bend the sheet.
    Figure 1: Neutral axis of a bended sheet

    Bend Allowance
    The Bend Allowance (BA) is the arc length of the bend as
    measured along the neutral axis of the material. Understanding
    the Bend Allowance and consequently the Bend Deduction of a
    part is a crucial first step to understanding how sheet metal parts
    are fabricated.
    When the sheet metal is put through the process of bending the
    metal around the bend is deformed and stretched. As this
    happens you gain a small amount of total length in your part. The
    Bend Allowance is defined as the material you will have to add to
    the initial length of your flat sheet in order to arrive at the length
    of formed part. As it was mentioned before the length of the
    neutral axis doesn’t change after the bending. So the following
    equation is valid at all times:

    Initial Length = Leg Length 1 + BA + Leg Length 2


    Figure 2: Bend Allowance

    Bend Deduction
    On the other hand, when you are trying to develop a flat pattern
    you will have to make a deduction from your desired part size to
    get the correct flat size. The Bend Deduction is defined as the
    material you will have to remove from the total length of your
    flanges in order to arrive at the flat pattern. To calculate the Ben
    Deduction, we can rewrite the previous equation as:

    Initial Length = Leg Length 1 + BA + Leg Length 2


    Initial Length = ( Flang Length 1 - OSSB)  + BA +
    ( Flang Length 2 - OSSB)

    Initial Length = Flang Length 1  + Flang Length 2 -


    (2*OSSB - BA)

    The last term of the previous equation is called the Bend


    Deduction which is the difference between the Bend Allowance
    and twice the outside setback.

    Bend Deduction = 2*OSSB - BA

    Figure 3: Outside Setback (OSSB)

    Calculating Bend Allowance and Bend


    Deduction using K-Factor
    Bend Allowance and Bend Deduction can be calculated using
    the K-Factor as follows:

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