Azd

Azd
The Azd (Arabic: ‫)ا ْزد‬� or Al-Azd

� ْ are an Arabian
(Arabic: ‫)ٱﻻ ْزد‬
tribe[1] of Sabaean Arabs.
In ancient times, Sabaeans in‐

habited Ma'rib, the capital city
of the Kingdom of Saba' in
modern-day Yemen. Their lands
were irrigated by the Ma'rib
Dam, which is thought by some
to have been one of the engi‐
neering wonders of the ancient
world because of its size. When
the dam collapsed for the third
time in the 1st century CE,
much of the Azd tribe left Marib
and dispersed.
Azd branches
In the 3rd century CE the Azd
branched into four sub-
branches, each led by one of
the sons of Amr bin
Muzaikiyya.[2]
Imran Bin Amr Edit

Imran bin Amr and the bulk of
the tribe went to Oman, where
they established the Azdi pres‐
ence in Eastern Arabia. Later
they invaded Karman and
Shiraz in Southern Persia, and
these came to be known as
"Azd Daba". Another branch
headed west back to Yemen,
and a group went further west
all the way to Tihamah on the
Red Sea. This group was to be‐
come known as "Azd Uman" af‐
ter the emergence of Islam.
Jafna bin Amr Edit
Jafna bin Amr and his family

headed for Syria, where he set‐
tled and initiated the kingdom
of the Ghassanids. They were
so named after a spring of wa‐
ter where they stopped on their
way to Syria. This branch was
to produce:
The Ghassanid dynasty in

Syria
A Roman Emperor (Philip the
Arab, a Ghassanid Arab from
Syria, who ruled 244–249 CE)
A Byzantine dynasty (the
Byzantine Emperor Leo III the
Isaurian, also known as the
Syrian, ruled 717-741 CE)
Thalabah bin Amr Edit
Thalabah bin Amr left his tribe

Al-Azd for the Hijaz and dwelt
between Thalabiyah and Dhi
Qar. When he gained strength,
he headed for Yathrib, where he
stayed. Of his seed are the
great Aws and Khazraj, sons of
Haritha bin Thalabah. These
were to be the Muslim Ansar
and were to produce the last
Arab dynasty in Spain (the
Nasrids).
Haritha bin Amr Edit
Haritha bin Amr led a branch of

the Azd Qahtani tribes. He wan‐
dered with his tribe in the Hijaz
until they came to the Tihamah.
He had three sons Adi, Afsa
and Lahi. Adiy was the father of
Bariq, Lahi the father of Khuza'a
and Afsa, the father of Aslam.
[3][4]
Azd
.--------------+----
--------.
|
|
Mazin
Shahnvah
|
|
.----------+--------
--.
.--------+----------
-.
| |
| | |
|
| |
| | |
|
| |
| Samala (Banu)
Daws Haddan
Thalabah
Haritha Jafna
| |
(Ghassanids/The
Ghassinids)
.--+----. |
| |
|_________________
(Banu) Aws (Banu)
Khuza'a/Khazraj |
.-----+---+---------
-.
| |
|
Adi Afsa
Lohay
| |
|
Bariq Aslam
(Banu) Khuza'a
| |
Salaman Mustalik
Zahran Edit
The Zahran tribe is an ancient

Arabian offshoot of the Azd
tribe, also originating from the
Kingdom of Saba'. The short‐
age of water prompted them to
relocate to Al-Bahah in the
Arabian Peninsula. Today mem‐
bers of the Zahran tribe can be
found all over the Middle East
and beyond. According to Arab
scholars, the dialect used by
the Hejazi tribes, the Zahran
and the Ghamid, is the closest
to classical Arabic.[5][6]
Azd 'Uman
The Azd 'Uman were the domi‐
nant Arab tribe in the eastern
realms of the Caliphate and
were the driving force in the
conquest of Fars, Makran and
Sindh.[7] They were the chief
merchant group of Oman and
Al-Ubulla, who organized a trad‐
ing diaspora with settlements
of Persianized Arabians on the
coasts of Kirman and Makran,
extending into Sindh since the
days of Ardashir.[7] They were
strongly involved in the western
trade with India and with the ex‐
pansion of the Muslim
conquests they began to con‐
solidate their commercial and
political authority on the east‐
ern frontier. During the early
years of the Muslim conquests
the Azdi ports of Bahrain and
Oman were staging grounds for
Muslim naval fleets headed to
Fars and Hind.[7] From 637 CE
the conquests of Fars and
Makran were dominated by the
Azdi and allied tribes from
Oman. Between 665 CE and
683 CE the Azdi 'Uman became
especially prominent due in
Basra on account of favors
from Ziyad ibn Abihi, the
Governor of Muawiya I, and his
son Ubaidullah.[7] When a mem‐
ber of their tribe Abu Said Al-
Muhallab ibn Abi Sufra became
governor their influence and
wealth increased as he ex‐
tended Muslim conquests to
Makran and Sindh, where so
many other Azdi were settled.[7]
After his death in 702, though,
they lost their grip on power
with the rise of Al-Hajjaj ibn
Yusuf as governor of Iraq.[7] Al-
Hajjaj pursued a systematic
policy of breaking Umayyad
power, as a result of which the
Azdi also suffered.[7] With the
death of Hajjaj and under
Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik as
Caliph, their fortunes reversed
once again, with the appoint‐
ment of Yazid ibn al-
Muhallab.[7]
In�uential people or
branches of Azd
The Ghassanids
The Banu Tanukh
Banu Ma'an (part of the
Tanukhi tribal Confederation)
The Nasrid dynasty of Al-
Andalus
The Al Said dynasty of Oman
Bani Yas
The Al Nahyan dynasty
of Abu Dhabi in what is
now the United Arab
Emirates
The Al Maktoum dynasty
of Dubai
Ibn Duraid
Kuthayyir,[8] Arab poet
Jābir ibn Zayd, the co-
founder of the Ibadi sect of
Islam
Tribe of Balgarn (Al Garni) or
( Al-Qarni)
Ghamid
Bani Shehr
Zahran tribe
Rawadids
Tribe of Bariq
Jābir ibn Hayyān
Hudhayfah al-Bariqi
Khalil ibn Ahmad
Urwah al-Bariqi
Arfaja al-Bariqi
Abu Dawood Collector of
Hadith
Humaydah al-Bariqi
Ibn Al-Thahabi
Ibn al-Banna
Jamilah bint Adwan
Asma bint Adiy al-Bariqiyyah
Al Muhallab ibn Abi Suffrah
Mu'aqqir
Fatimah bint Sa'd
Suraqah al-Bariqi
Ibn Al-Thahabi
Banu Khazraj
Billasmar (AL-Asmari)
Jamilah bint Adwan
Balahmer (Al-Ahmari)
Bani Amr (Al-Amri)
Amr ibn Khalid
Umm al-Khair
Dawasir (Al Dawasir)
Bani Malik
Al-Tahawi
See also
Rawadid
References
Citations Edit
1. "Azd", G. Strenziok, The

Encyclopaedia of Islam,
Vol. I, ed. H. A. R. Gibb, J.
H. Kramers, E. Levi-
Provençal, J. Schacht (Brill,
1986), 811.
2. ‫ أﺑﻲ اﻟﺤﺴﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‬,‫اﻟﻤﺴﻌﻮدي‬/‫ﻋﻠﻲ‬
.(01-01-2012) ‫ﺑﻦ اﻟﺤﺴﻴﻦ ﺑﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺮوج اﻟﺬﻫﺐ وﻣﻌﺎدن اﻟﺠﻮﻫﺮ‬
2‫ ج‬4-1 (in Arabic). Dar Al
Kotob Al Ilmiyah ‫دار اﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‬. p. 204.
3. Constructing Al-Azd: Tribal
Identity and Society in the
Early Islamic Centuries .
ProQuest. p. 92.
ISBN 978-0-549-63443-0.
Retrieved 2013-12-26.
4. The Role of the Arab
Tribes in the East During
the Period of the
Umayyads (40/660-132
/749) . Al-Jamea's Press.
1978. pp. 35, 34. Retrieved
2013-12-26.
5. Muhammad Suwaed
(2015). Historical
Dictionary of the
Bedouins . Rowman &
Littlefield. p. 261.
6. Cuddihy, Kathy (2001). An
A to Z of Places and
Things Saudi . London:
Stacey International. p. 6.
ISBN 9781900988407.
7. Wink pg 51-52;"It is not ac‐
cident that, among the
Arabs, the Tribe of the Azd
'Uman were instrumental in
the conquest of Fars,
Makran and Sind, and that
for some time they became
the dominant Arab tribe in
the eastern caliphate."
8. Ibn Khallikan wafayat
alayan p. 524. alwarraq
edition .
General sources Edit
Strenziok, G. (1960). "Azd".

Encyclopedia of Islam.
Volume 1. pp. 811–813.
Wink, Andre (1 August 2002).
Al-Hind, the Making of the
Indo-Islamic World. Brill
Academic Publishers.
ISBN 0-391-04173-8.
External links
English Wikisource has
original text related to this
article:
A Critical Exposition of the
Popular 'Jihád'
https://web.archive.org
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//www.uaeinteract.com
/history/e_walk/con_3
/con3_31.asp
https://web.archive.org
/web/20160303195805
/http:
//www.muslimaccess.com
/sunnah/seerah/1.htm
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Azd

The Azd (Arabic: ‫)ا ْزد‬� or Al-Azd

In ancient times, Sabaeans in‐

Imran Bin Amr Edit

Jafna bin Amr and his family

The Ghassanid dynasty in

Thalabah bin Amr Edit

Thalabah bin Amr left his tribe

Haritha bin Amr Edit

Haritha bin Amr led a branch of

The Zahran tribe is an ancient

1. "Azd", G. Strenziok, The

Strenziok, G. (1960). "Azd".

Last edited 23 days ago by SharabSalam

Content is available under CC BY-SA

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