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Objective of ABS

The document discusses the anti-lock braking system (ABS) which allows wheels to maintain traction without locking up during braking. ABS modulates brake pressure to keep wheel slip in an optimal range for braking. The objective of ABS is to reduce stopping distances by keeping wheels near their maximum friction coefficient.

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Mayur Panchal
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359 views

Objective of ABS

The document discusses the anti-lock braking system (ABS) which allows wheels to maintain traction without locking up during braking. ABS modulates brake pressure to keep wheel slip in an optimal range for braking. The objective of ABS is to reduce stopping distances by keeping wheels near their maximum friction coefficient.

Uploaded by

Mayur Panchal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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• Anti-lock braking system (ABS) is an automobile safety system that allows the wheels on a

motor vehicle to maintain tractive contact with the road surface according to driver inputs while
braking, preventing the wheels from locking up and avoiding uncontrolled skidding.
• ABS generally offers improved vehicle control and decreases stopping distances on dry and
slippery surfaces.
• ABS modulates the brake line pressure independent of the pedal force, to bring the wheel
speed back to the slip level range that is necessary for optimal braking performance.

Objective of ABS:
To reduce stopping distance
1. The road surface type and conditions can be inferred from the vehicle's braking pressure,
wheel slip measurements, and deceleration rate comparisons.
2. The wheel slip is regulated so that the road adhesion coefficient is maximized. By keeping all
of the wheels of a vehicle near the maximum friction coefficient, an antilock system can attain
maximum fictional force
3. In turn, this strategy leads to the minimization of the vehicle stopping distance.

• Stability
1. A locked-up wheel generates a reduced braking force, smaller than the peak value of the
available adhesion between tires and road. A locked-up wheel will also lose its capability to
sustain any lateral force. This may result in the loss of vehicle stability.
2. The basic purpose of a conventional ABS system is thus to prevent any wheel from locking and
to keep the longitudinal slip in an operational range by cycling the braking pressure.

• Steerability
1. Good peak frictional force control is necessary in order to achieve satisfactory lateral forces
and, therefore, satisfactory steer-ability.
2. If an obstacle appears without warning, emergency braking may not be sufficient. When the
wheels are locked, car no longer respond to the driver’s steering intention.
3. With ABS car remains steerable even during emergency braking, and thus the obstacle can be
Page 1

safely avoided.

Compiled by- Prof. Pankaj K Jadhav (Sub- Automobile Engg.) Dept. of Mechanical Engg.
COMPONENTS OF ABS
The primary components of the ABS braking system are:
• Electronic control unit (ECU)
1. It receives signals from the sensors in the circuit and controls the brake pressure at the road
wheels according to the data analysed by the Unit.
2. ECU assists the vehicle operator to prevent wheel lockup by regulating the wheel slip.

• Hydraulic control unit or modulator


1. It receives operating signals from the ECU to apply or release the brakes under ABS
conditions.
2. It executes the commands using three solenoid valves connected in series with the master
cylinder and the brake circuits- one valve for each front wheel hydraulic circuit, and one for both
of the rear wheels. Thus brakes can be actuated by controlling hydraulic pressure.

• Power booster and master cylinder assembly


1. It is activated when the driver pushes down on the brake pedal. The master cylinder
transforms the applied pedal force into hydraulic pressure which is transmitted simultaneously
to all four wheels.
2. It provides the power assistance required during braking.

• Wheel sensor unit


1. Speed sensors are comprised of a magnet wrapped in a coil and a toothed sensor ring. An
electrical field given off by the contact between the magnet and the toothed ring creates a AC
voltage.
2. The voltage frequency is directly proportional to the wheel's rotational speed.
3. It monitors the rotational speed of the wheel and transmits this data to the ABS control
module.

WORKING OF ABS
• If a wheel-speed sensor signals a lock up - the ECU sends a current to the hydraulic unit. This
energizes the solenoid valve. The action of the valve isolates the brake circuit from the master
cylinder. This stops the braking pressure at that wheel from rising, and keeps it constant. It
allows wheel velocity to increase and slip to decrease.
• When the velocity increases, ECU re-applies the brake pressure to restrict the wheel slip to a
particular value.
• Hydraulic control unit controls the brake pressure in each wheel cylinder based on the inputs
from the system sensor. This in result controls the wheel speed.

Compiled by- Prof. Pankaj K Jadhav (Sub- Automobile Engg.) Dept. of Mechanical Engg.
Compiled by- Prof. Pankaj K Jadhav (Sub- Automobile Engg.) Dept. of Mechanical Engg.

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