Budgeting: Accounting Cycle

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Dyane Cruz

Budgeting
You are an intern at a major law firm and have been assigned to the accounting department. Here, you
have been given an important task: to help the accounting team budget employee costs for the firm. 
 With over 500 employees, the firm massively exceeded its budget the year before. This happened
because the company didn’t use an efficient accounting cycle. 
Step 1:  Review the table below and fill it in. Your completed table should illustrate what a good
accounting cycle looks like. Make sure that you explain the individual steps of the accounting cycle. 

Accounting Cycle
Step Accounting Step Explanation of Accounting Cycle Step
Number

1 Identify Transactions may include a debt payoff, any purchases or


Transactions acquisition of assets, sales revenue, or any expenses incurred.
2 Record Journal With the transactions set in place, the next step is to record these
Entries entries in the company’s journal in chronological order.
3 Post Ledger The journal entries are then posted to the general ledger where a
Entries summary of all transactions to individual accounts can be seen.
4 Unadjusted At the end of the accounting period (which may be quarterly,
Trial Balance monthly, or yearly, depending on the company), a total balance is
calculated for the accounts.
5 Adjusted When the debits and credits on the trial balance don’t match, the
Entries bookkeeper must look for errors and make corrective adjustments
that are tracked on a worksheet.
6 Adjusted Trial At the end of the company’s accounting period, adjusting entries
Balance must be posted to accounts for accruals and deferrals.
7 Financial The balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement can
Statements be prepared using the correct balances.
8 Close your The revenue and expense accounts are closed and zeroed out for
book the next accounting cycle. This is because revenue and expense
accounts are income statement accounts, which show
performance for a specific period.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dyane Cruz

Step 2:  Now look at the following example of a training and development budget. The budget was spent
on things like exams and professional development of employees. Try to work out how much money was
spent in TOTAL on each of the employee categories:
Total training and development budget: $900,000
Calculate the dollar amount that was dispersed from the $900,000 budget:

1. 10 percent was spent on management

900,000*.1=90,000 Money spent: $810000

2. 40 percent on regular employees

 90,000*.4=36,000 Money spent: $54,000

3. 25 percent on temp workers

 36,000*.25=9,000 Money spent: $27,000

4. 25 percent on consultants

 9,000*.25=2,250 Money spent: $6,750


Dyane Cruz

Step 3:  Which of these categories should the company target to save money by reducing its training and
development budget—for example, do temp workers need as much professional development as
permanent employees? Explain your reasoning in 2-3 sentences.
Competences to Awareness: Management Development

1) People will create the jobs of the future, not simply train for them, and technology is
already central.
2) Per thousand workers reduces the employment to population ratio by about 40%.
3) It will be essential for them to get training and develop new job skills.

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