Smooth Facing Tools

Smooth Facing Tools.a. Types.
Smooth facing tools called planes, are sharpedgedcutting tools in which

the cutting edge is guided by the body of thetool instead of by the hands. The place bit, for example,
ispositively guided by contact of the body of the tool with the work,giving a smooth cut in contrast to
the rough cut made by handguidedchisels.(1) Hand Plane. A plane is a finishing tool used for
smoothsurfaces (Figure 225). It consists of a wood or iron stock or acombination of the two, with the
cutting edge projecting from a sloton the underside. The cutter inclines backward and has a chipbreaker
in front to dispense the shavings. The plane is light andeasy to use in finishing and bringing wood down
to the desiredthickness. Hold the plane with both hands and, with long strokespush it away from you
There are broadly five

Scrub categories for woodworking
planes.
planes
Scrub planes are used for the fast removal of stock (reducing the size o
boards, or pieces of wood). They are relatively short and narrow and
usually have thick blades to avoid flexing under pressure.

Some woodworkers consider the scrub plane to be a kind of bench pla
(see below). However, its design differs from bench planes in several w
and the deep, gouging cuts that it makes give it a reputation as an
'aggressive' tool, as opposed to the more graceful, rhythmic approach
associated with bench planes.

See What is a scrub plane? for more information.

Bench planes
There are four types of bench plane:
 Jack
 Fore
 Jointer
 Smoothing

Respectively, they are for the reduction (cutting to size), initial straighte
final straightening and smoothing of wood. They are called bench plane
because they are most often used at a woodworking bench as opposed
on site.
Longer bench planes are generally used for straightening wood; shorte
ones are usually used for smoothing.

As with most planes, there are wooden equivalents which are generally
simpler in their design and construction.

In practice, there’s some overlap between these planes. For instance, a
plane might sometimes be employed as a smoothing plane, and vice v
See: What is a bench plane? and the pages immediately following it for

details.

Block planes
Block planes are smaller than most other planes as they are designed
held in one hand.

They can be employed in a variety of situations where it’s not convenie
place the workpiece in a vice or on a workbench.
Instead, the workpiece can be held with the non-dominant hand while i
planed.

Two of the main uses of the block plane are planing end grain and
chamfering wood.

Chamfering is the planing of the corner of a length of wood to produce
bevel, usually at an angle of 45 degrees. It can be done for decorative
or for safety – sharp corners injure people a lot more easily than blunt o
– or both.
See: What is a block plane? and the pages immediately following it for

details.

Specialised planes
There are several distinct types of specialised plane, for cutting and
smoothing rebates, grooves, curves and special decorative shapes, or
mouldings.
Again, there are metal and wooden versions of each type.

The shapes made or trimmed with some specialised planes are for join
making – joining two pieces of wood together by inserting part of one p
of wood into a recess that's been cut into another.
For example, a shoulder plane can be used to trim part of a joint to the
perfect size.

Other specialised planes are for cutting and smoothing curves – for
instance, when making musical instruments. Tiny finger planes are use
shape the body of a violin.
See What are specialised woodworking planes? and the pages immed

following it for more details.

Traditional Japanese planes
There is a full range of Japanese wooden planes which can perform all
tasks of their equivalents from the western world.

Japanese planes differ from most western planes in one major respect
cut on the pull stroke rather than the push stroke.
They are normally made entirely of wood apart from their blades, or iro

Their irons are mounted closer to the heel of the plane than is the case
most other planes, so that the woodworker can grasp the front part of t
body in the dominant hand, with the other hand around the iron and he
Apart from this, and a slightly flatter body profile, Japanese planes cou
mistaken for traditional wooden planes from anywhere, including the U

Materials
Another way of categorising planes is by the materials they are made f
wood, metal or a combination of the two.

Metal planes
Metal planes are constructed entirely of metal, except for the handles,
are usually made of hardwood. See What are metal hand planes made

Wooden planes
Wooden planes are usually made entirely of wood except for their irons
in some cases they have metal clamps to hold the blade, and metal
mechanisms for adjusting the blade. See What are wooden hand plane
made of?

Transitional planes
Transitional planes are the half-way house between wooden planes an
advanced metal planes. A transitional plane has a wooden body with a
metal casting set into it, and usually metal parts to hold and adjust the
blade.

Infill planes
Infill planes have metal bodies filled with very dense hardwood on whic
metal blade rests and from which the handles are formed.
They were typically of English or Scottish manufacture and are prized f

their ability to smooth difficult-grained woods when set very finely

Today, metal planes are the ones most commonly sold and used. How
wooden planes are still manufactured and are quite widely available.

Transitional planes and infill planes are now mostly collector’s items,
although some enthusiasts are still using them. A few specialist
manufacturers still make them, and some dedicated woodworkers actu
make their own.
Sandpaper:
What it's used for:
Sandpaper is used to remove a small amount of material to either create a smooth surface
or to remove a layer of something such as paint.
This is a hand tool that is best used with a sanding block because it is more comfortable
for the user and it creates a flat surface of the sand paper to be wrapped around.
Parts it consists of:

Sandpaper is a basic hand tool which is just paper with abrasives attached to it with an
adhesive. Sandpaper is available in different grit sizes which are shown by a number on
the back.
Low numbers like 40 means it is very coarse and higher numbers like 300 means it is very
fine which will give a smoother finish. The numbers on the back of sandpaper simply
means how many abrasive particles there are per inch of sandpaper.

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Smooth Facing Tools.a. Types.

Smooth facing tools called planes, are sharpedgedcutting tools in which

There are broadly five

usually have thick blades to avoid flexing under pressure.

See: What is a bench plane? and the pages immediately following it for

See: What is a block plane? and the pages immediately following it for

Again, there are metal and wooden versions of each type.

See What are specialised woodworking planes? and the pages immed

They were typically of English or Scottish manufacture and are prized f

Parts it consists of:

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