Lanar caustic Silver nitrate AgNO3

CHEMISTRY Blue vitriole

Green vitriole
Copper sulphate
Ferrous sulphate
CuSO4.5H2O
FeSO4.7H2O

1. CHEMISTRY INTRODUCTION List of some common compounds with their common name
 Pure chemical substances are composed of only one kind of matter Alumina Al2O3
and connot be split physically into more than one kind of Aquafortis Conc. HNO3
substance. Eg. Iron, water, etc. Baking soda NaHCO3
 Mixture or impure chemical substance is obtained by mixing two or Blue vitriole CuSO4.5H2O
more (elements or compounds) in any ratio so that components do Borax Na2B4O7.10H2O
not lose their characters. Eg. Air, mud, clay, milk, steel, etc. Calamine ZnCO3
 Physical change is temporary change in which there is slight Calomel Hg2Cl2
change in physical characters like color, aggregation state, Caustic soda / lye NaOH
electrical and magnetic conditions without bringing any change in Caustic potash KOH
the composition of molecule. Chile salt peter NaNO3
 Chemical change is a permanent change in which a new chemical Cinnabar HgS
substance is formed totally with different properties and Corrosive sublimate HgCl2
compositon. Dolomite CaCO3.MgCO3
 Atom is the smallest unit of an element that takes part in chemical Epsom MgSO4.7H2O
reaction and composed of three sub atomic particles: proton, Fool's gold CuFeS2
electron and neutron. Fluorspar CaF2
 Atom is electrically neutral. Glauber's sat Na2SO4.IoH2O
 Molecules are smallest particle of element or compound, which Glucose , fructose C6H12O6
doesnot generally participle in chemical reaction but it has free Green vitriole FeSO4.7H2O
existence. Hom silver AgCl
 Term molecule was given by Avogadro. Hypo compound Na2S2O3.5H2O
Hydrolith CaH2
The name and formula of some common compounds Haematite Fe2O3
General name Chemical name Molecular formula Litharge PbO
Caustic soda Sodium hydroxide NaOH Lead vitriole PbSO4
Caustic potosh Potassium hydroxide KOH Lunar caustic AgNO3
Common salt Sodium chloride NaCl Magnetite Fe3O4
Vinegar Acetic acid CH3COOH Magnesia MgO
Lithrage Lead oxide PbO Mik of magnesia Mg(OH)2
Quick lime Calcium oxide CaO Muriatic acid Conc.HCl
Slaked lime Calcium hydroride Ca(OH)2 Nessler's reagent K2HgI4/OH-
Washing soda Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 Oil of vitriole Conc.H2SO4
Baking soda Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 Pearlash or potash K2CO3
Sand Silicon dioxide SiO2 Philosopher's wool (Zincite) ZnO
Marble Calcium carbonate CaCO3 Phosphine PH3

INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-1 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-2

 Quick silver Hg 4. Fractional distillation is used for separating two miscible lquids.
Red lead (sindoor) Pb3O4 The process is based on the difference in boiling points of two
Rock salt/common salt/brine NaCl liquids. Eg. Refining of crude petroleum, mixture of benzene and
Rinmann's green pigment COZnO2 toluene.
Salt cake Na2SO4 5. Distillation under reduced pressure is used for separating a liquid
Salammoniac NH4Cl that decomposes at its b.p. Eg. Purification of hydrogen peroxide.
Salt peter/nitre KNO3 6. Crystallisation is used for separating a dissolved crystalline solid
Slaked lime/lime water/milk of lime Ca(OH)2 substance from a solution. Eg. CuSO4 from its aqueous solution.
Sulphureted hydrogen H2S Fractional crystallization is used for separating two solids that
Silica SiO2 differ in their solubility in a solvent present in a solution. Eg. KCl +
Silicagel SiO2.XH2O KClO3 (less soluble).
7. Solvent extraction is used for separating the mixture of two solids
Sindr's fertilizer (NH4)2SO4
by means of a solvent in which one solid is soluble and other is
Sylvine KCl
nearly insoluble. Eg. Sand + salt (salt is soluble in water).
Tuble sugar C12H22O11
8. Atmolysis is used for separating the mixture of gases or vapours
Tear gas (chloropicrin) CCl3NO2 and is based on difference in their rates of diffusion through a
Washing soda Na2CO3.10H2O porous substance. Eg. H2 + O2; CH4 + O2.
White vitriole ZnSO4.7H2O
Water glass Na2SiO3
2. STRUCTURE OF ATOM
Zinc blende ZnS
 Term Atom was given by Dalton.
 Dalton's Atomic Theory
 Acidic or electronegative radicals come from acid side and have
1. All types of matter is composed of atoms.
tendency to gain electron.
2. Atoms are extremely small, invisible, individual and
Eg. Cl comes from HCl indestructible i.e atom can neither be destroyed nor created.
PO4 comes from H3PO4 3. Atoms of the same elements are alike in properties.
 Basic or electropositive radical come from base side and have 4. Atoms combine in small whole numbers to form compound
tendency to lose electrons. atoms.
Eg. Na+ comes from NaOH 5. A compound atom of a substance are alike and passes its
Al+++ comes from Al(OH)3 properties.
 Electrons, Protons and Neutrons are the most important
Separation and purification of mixtures fundamental particles of atoms of all element (except hydrogen).
A mixture can be separated by a physical or chemical methods into its  Hydrogen atom has only one proton and one electron (no neutron).
components.
 Since atom is electrically neutral, every atom has the same number
1. Filtration is used for separating an insoluble solid present in a
of electrons and protons.
liquid. Eg. BaSO4 present in aqueous solution, AgCl present in
aqueous solution etc.
Electrons:
2. Sublimation for substances undergoing sublimation like NH4Cl, I2,
 Discovered in cathode ray experiment.
dry ice (solid CO2), naphthalene, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, HgCl2
camphor, arsenic oxide, red phosphorus (in vacuum).  Charge on an electron (-1.6 × 10-19 coulombs) was determined by
3. Distillation is used for separating a liquid from a solution with Millikan in his oil drop experiment.
soluble impurities. Eg. Pure water from sea water.  Actual mass is 9.1 × 10-31 kg calculated by Thomson.
 Radius = 10-15cm.

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 Charge on one mole of electron = 96500 coulombs or 1 faraday. Or, A – Z = No of neutruns
 Electrons revolve at every high speed in fixed path called orbit or In short,
shell. No. of electrons = Z
No. of protons = Z
Proton: No of neutrons = A – Z
 Discovered in anode ray experiment.
 Mass is found to be 1.672 × 10-27kg and charge on a proton is +1.6 Comparison of Isotopes, Isobars, Isotones, Isodiaphess,
× 10-9 coulombs. Isoelectronic Species and Isosters
Species Same Different
Neutron: i) Atomic no. (Z)
ii) No. of protons
 Discovered by James Chadwick in 1932. iii) No of electrons
 The reason for the late discovery was its neutral nature. iv) Electronic
i) Mass no. (A)
 Neutron is heaviest and least stable particle. Isotopes
configuration
ii) No. of neutrons
iii) Physical properties
 Neucleus contains neutrons and protons and hence these particles v) Chemical properties
are collectively called nucleons. vi) Position in periodic
 Other less important sub atomic particles are positrons, neutrons table
and mesons. i) Atomic no. (Z)
ii) No of protons, electrons &
 Positron is positive counterpart of electron. i) Mass no. (A) neutrons
Isobars
ii) No. of nucleons iii) Electronic configuration
Atomic Number (Z) and Mass Number (A) iv) Chemical properties.
 The number of protons present in an atom is called it atomic v) Position in periodic table.
number (Z) and written on the bottom of symbol of atom. i) Atomic no. (Z)
 Since electrons have negligible mass, the entrie mass of atom lies ii) Mass no. (A), ptotons &
in its protons and neutrons. electrons
 The sum of number of protons and neutrons is called mass numbers Isotones No. of neutrons iii) Electronic configuration.
iv) Physical and chemical
of the atom denoted as A and written on the top of the symbol of
properties.
atom. v) Position in periodic table
 Being the sum of number of protons and neutrons in nucleus, mass i) Atomic no, mass no,
number is always a whole number. But since the mass of proton electrons, protons,
and neutron is not a whole number (on atomic weight scale), Isotopic no (N-Z) or (A-
Isodiaphers neutrons.
2Z)
atomic weight is not necessarily a whole number. ii) Physical and chemical
 For example the isotopes of oxygen having mass numbers 17 and propertrties.
18 have atomic wt. of 17.00045 and 18.0037 respectively. i) No. of electrons
Isoelectronic
 Let us consider symbol for atom of an element (E) indicating its ii) Electronic At. no., mass no., radii.
Species
configuration
mass number (A) and atomic number (Z).
i) No. of atoms
A
ZE Isosters
ii) No. of electrons
-
Now, Atomic number (Z) = No. of protons iii) Same physical &
chemical properties
= No. of electrons
i) No. of protons,
Mass no. (A) = No. of protons + no. of neutrons Isomers electrons, neutrons Radioactivity
A = Z + No. of neutrons ii) Mass numbers

INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-5 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-6

Examples: outermost shell. This tendency is responsible for the chemical
1. Isotopes: reactivity of the elements.
 1H1, 1H2, 1H3 i.e Protium, Deuterium, Tritium 3. Atoms can acquire noble gas like configuration by loosing,
(p=1, e=1, n=0) (p=1, e=1, n=1) (p=1, e=1, n=2) gaining or sharing of electrons with other atom(s).
 6C12, 6C13, 6C14 4. The number of electrons gained, lost or shared by an atom of
 8O16, 8O17, 8O18 an element is known as its valency.
 17C35, 17Cl37
2. Isobars: Chemical bond is the combination between atoms leading to force
 18Ar40, 19K40 and 20Ca40 holding atoms together
 52Te130, 54Xe130 and 56Ba130 1. Electrovalent or Ionic bond:
3. Isotones:  The necessary condition for the formation of this bond is that
 14S30, 15P31 and 16S32 one of atoms (element) should have a tendency to lose
elements and other should be capable of accepting the electrons
 1H3 and 2He4
i.e one element should be electropositive (metal) and the other
 6C13 and 7N14
electronegative (non-metal).
4. Isodiaphers:
 Thus electropositive elements like (Na, K, Ca, Ba, Sr, Mg, etc)
 92U235 and 90Th231
give electron (s) and converted into cations, while
 29Cu65 and 24Cr55
electronegative elements (like oxygen, sulphur and halogens)
5. Isoelectronic species:
take up electron (s) and converted into anions.
 N3, O2, F, Ne, Na+, Mg2+, Al3+, CH4, NH3, H2O & HF have 10  Eg. Formation of NaCl, NaF, MgO, CaO, BaO, CaCO3, CaF3,
electrons each. PbSO4, AgCl etc.
 P3, S2, Cl, Ar, K+, Ca2+ have 18 electrons each.  Ionic compounds are made up of ions, hence they are ionic not
 N2O, CO2, CNOhave 22 electrons each. molecular.
6. Isosters:  Have high solubility in solvents like water and other polar
 N2 and CO solvents but insoluble in non polar solvents like benzene, ether.
 CO2 and N2  Ionic compounds conduct electricity in solution as well as in
 C6H6 (Benzene) and B6N6 (inorganic benzene). molten (fused) state but not in solid state.
 In aqueous solution, they show ionic reactions which are quite
3. CHEMICAL BONDING fast and instantaneous.
 Bond formation is exothermic process.  Ionic bonds are common in inorganic compounds. These are
 Bond formation between two atoms occurs only when there is found in hydrides, halides, nitrides, sulphides, oxides and
overall decrease in the energy of the system. carbides of alkali and alkaline earth metals (Cs, Ba, Sr, Mg,
etc)
Electronic Theory of Valency 2. Covalent bond:
 Given by Kossel.  Equal no of electron(s) is (are) shared between two concerned
 Postulates are: atoms.
1. Bond formation involves only electrons of the outermost shell  Formed between two non metallic atoms of comparable
of atoms of an element. However in transition elements electronegativity.
electrons of (n-1) sub-shell also participale in chemical  The no of electrons contributed by each atom depends upon its
bonding. requirement for gaining stability i.e nearest inert gas.
2. Every atom (except those of noble gases) has a tendency to  Sharing of electrons can be in three ways:
acquire their nearest noble gas like configuration (2 or 8) in
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-7 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-8
 i) When each atom contributes an electon and hence two Colorless, faint odour, tastless, as heavy as air, very sparingly
contributed electrons (one pair) are shared by each atom. soluble in water, burns in air with blue flame, neutral, poisonous.
The bond formed is single bond. Eg. NH3, BF3, Alkanes, 3. Carbon dioxide (CO2):
Halogen acids. Colorless, faint pungent smell, heavier than air (1.5 times) and can
ii) When each atom contributes two electrons and thus two be poured downward like water, fairly soluble in water, acidic, non
pair of electrons are shared gy each atom. The bond is poisonous, can be liquefied and solidified.
double bond. Eg. CO2, O2, Ethylene. 4. Nitrogen (N2):
iii) Triple bond is formed by sharing of 3 pairs of electrons (3 Colorless, odourless, tasteless, slightly lighter than air, slightly
electrons are contributed by each atom). Eg. N2, Alkynes, soluble in water, non poisonous, can be liquefied.
Acetylene (C2H2). 5. Ammonia (NH3):
 Covalent compounds are molecular in nature. Colorless, pungent smell (characterstic), ligheter than air,
 Covalent bond is weaker bond so covalent compounds have extremely soluble in water, brings tears in eyes, basic can be
low melting and boiling points. liquefied and solidified.
 They are insoluble in water and soluble in non polar solvents. 6. Oxygen (O2):
 In solutions they are not present as ions and hence they are bad Colorless, odourless, tastless, slightly heavier than air, slightly
conductors of electricity. soluble in water can be liquefied and solidified, paramagnetic.
3. Coordinate covalent/dative bond: 7. Ozone (O3):
 Special type of covalent bond. Pale blue, fishy smell, heavier than air, slightly soluble in water
 Both the electrons forming the bond are contributed by one poisonous due to its destructive action on tissues, can be liquefied.
atoms but these are shared by both the atoms (Sidwick). 8. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S):
 Involves one side sharing of lone pair of electorns. Coloress, smell of rotten egg, soluble in water, poisonous.
9. Sulphur dioxide (SO2):
 The atom that donates the electron pair is known as donor and
Colorless,pungent and suffocating odour, heavier than air, soluble
the atom which accepts the electron pair is accepter.
in water, poisonous, can be liquefied and solidified.
 The dative bond is shown by means of an arrow () pointing 10. Chlorine (Cl2):
away from the donot to the acceptor atom. Eg. SO2, H3O+,
Greenish yellow, suffocating smell, heavier (2.5 times) than air,
NH4+, SO3, O3 etc. fairly soluble in water, poisonous, can be liquetied.
 Some examples for compounds with more than one type of 11. Iodine (I2):
bond. Violet, sparingly soluble in water.
i) NaOH, KOH, Na2CO3 = Ionic, Covalent 12. Hydrogen halides (HX):
ii) Co, NH3.BF3, [Co(NH3)3Cl3] = Covalent, Datine Colorless, pungents smelling acidic taste, fairly soluble in water,
iii) NH4Cl, CuSO4, K4[Fe(CN)6] = Ionic, Covalent, Dative heavier than air, can be liquefied.
iv) CuSO4.5H2O = Ionic, Covalent, Dative,Hydrogen
Works of Scientists:
Some Important Points Rutherford : Bombardment of atom by -particle.
Physical properties of some gases Thompson : Discovery of electron.
1. Hydrogen (H2): Goldstein : Discovery of proton.
Colourless, odoourless, tasteless, lightest gas, sparingly soluble in J. Chadwick : Discovery of neutron.
water, combustible and burns in air or oxygen with nearly invisible Bohr : Atomic model, long form of periodic
pale blue flame, neutral, can be liquefied and solidified. table
2. Carbon monoxide (CO): De Broglie : Wave equation.
Aufbau principle : Distribution of electrons.
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-9 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-10
Pauli's exclusion Memory Tips:
principle : Distribution of electrons. 1. The scientists felt the need of classification of elements, when
Hund's rule : Distribution of electrons. several new elements were discovered.
Heisenberg : Uncertainty principle. 2. The elements are classified into a few groups in such a way that
Becquerel : Radioactivity. similar elements fall one below the other in the same group.
Madam Curie : Radium. 3. The scientists like Prout, Dobereiner, Newlands and Lothar
Mandeleef : Periodic table. Meyer made attempts to classify elements. But the credit for the
Milliken : Electronegativity. classification of elements goes to Mendeleev.
Sidwick Powel : Theory of hybridisation. 4. Mendeleev’s periodic law states that the properties of the
Urey : Heavy water. elements are periodic function of their atomic masses.
Father of Chemistry : Lavoiser. 5. Moseley found that the more fundamental property of an element
Recipent of first is its atomic number rather than its atomic weight.
Nobel prize in 6. The modern periodic law states that the properties of the
chemistry : Vant Hoff. elements the periodic function of their atomic number.
7. In Mendeleev’s periodic table, elements are arranged according
Some important processes: to their increasing atomic mass.
Down process : Manufacture of Na 8. In modern periodic table, elements are arranged according their
Caster –Kellner cell : Manufacture of NaOH increasing atomic number.
Solvay process : Manufacture of Na2CO3 9. The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are called
Parke's process : Manufacture of Ag periods.
Baeyer's process : Manufacture of Al 10. The vertical columns of elements in the periodic table are called
Haber's process : Synthesis of NH3 groups.
Ostwald process : Synthesis of HNO3 11. The elements are divided into four blocks: s-block elements, p-
Contact process : Manufacture of H2SO4 block elements, d-block elements and f-block elements.
Lane's process : Manufacture of H2 12. The elements of group IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, VA, VIA and VIIA
are called representative or typical or normal elements.
13. The elements of group IB, IIB, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB, VIIB and
VIIIB are called transition elements.
14. Elements with atomic numbers 58 to 71 (cerium to lutetium)
occurring after lanthanum (57) are called lanthanides.
15. Elements with atomic numbers 90 to 103 (thorium to
lawrencium) occurring after actinium (89) are called actinides.
16. Elements are classified into metals, non-metals and metalloids on
the basis of conduction of electricity through them.
17. Group IA elements (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium,
caesium and francium) are called alkali metals.
18. Group IIA elements (beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium,
barium and radium) are called alkaline earth metals.
19. Group VIIA elements (fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine) are
called halogens.
20. Group zero elements (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and
radon) are called inert gases.
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-11 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-12
21. The elements having higher tendency to lose electrons are called 38. The number of grams of a substance numerically equal to its
electropositive elements. molecular mass is termed as the gram molecular mass of that
22. The elements having higher tendency to gain electrons are called substance.
electronegative elements. 39. The gram molecular mass of a substance is equal to the mass of
23. There are four orbital – s, p, d and f 6.023 × 1023 molecules of that substance.
s- orbital can accommodate 2 electrons 40. The number 6.023 × 1023 is termed as the Avogadro’s number.
p- orbital can accommodate 6 electrons 41. The mole is defined as the amount of a substance which contains
d- orbital can accommodate 10 electrons the same number of chemical units (atoms, molecules or ions) as
f- orbital can accommodate 14 electrons there are atoms in exactly 12 gram of pure carbon – 12.
24. Types of chemical reactions are: combination or addition 42. An acid is a substance, which gives hydrogen ions when
reaction, decomposition or dissociation reaction, displacement or dissolved in water.
substitution or replacement reaction and acid-base or 43. Acids obtained from plants and animals are called organic acids.
neutralization reaction. 44. Acids obtained from minerals are called inorganic acids.
25. A reaction in which two or more substances combine together to 45. Acids, which ionize to a larger extent and produce high
form a new substance is called combination reaction. concentration of hydrogen ions are known as strong acids.
26. A reaction in which a substance is broken down into two or more 46. Acids, which ionize to a smaller extent and produce low
simpler substances is called a decomposition reaction. concentration of hydrogen ions are called weak acids.
27. Displacement reactions are of two types. They are single 47. The hydrated hydrogen ion that exists in the solution of acids is
displacement reaction and double displacement reaction. called hydronium ion (H3O+).
28. A reaction in which one part (or atom or a group of atoms) of a 48. Acids are generally sour in taste, they change cholurs of
molecule is replaced by another is called a single displacement indicators. They react with metals and produce hydrogen gas.
reaction. They react with carbonates and bicarbonates to produce carbon
29. A reaction in which two reacting molecules exchange their dioxide gas. They react with metallic oxides and hydroxides to
corresponding ions is called a double displacement reaction. produce salt and water.
30. A reaction between an acid and a base in which salt and water are 49. Bases are metallic oxides or hydroxides, which react with acids
formed is called an acid-base reaction. to give salts and water.
31. Thermo chemical reactions are of two types. They are 50. Alkalis are bases, which are soluble in water and produce
endothermic reaction and exothermic reaction. hydroxyl ions in solutions.
32. Chemical reactions that take place either with absorption of heart 51. All alkalis are bases but all bases are not alkalis.
or with evolution of heat are called thermo chemical reactions. 52. Bases are prepared by:
33. A reaction in which heat is absorbed is called endothermic a. combination of metals with oxygen
reaction. b. heating metallic carbonates and nitrates
34. A reaction in which heat is evolved is called an exothermic c. action of water on soluble metallic oxides
reaction. d. action of water on metals
35. The average mass of molecule of a substance is termed as its 53. Bases have a soapy or slurry and bitter taste. Aqueous solution of
molecular mass. bases change red litmus blue, methyl orange yellow and
36. The molecular mass of a substance is equal to the sum of the phenolphthalein pink. They react with acids to give salt and
atomic masses of all the atoms present in its molecular formula. water.
37. Atomic mass unit is defined as the mass equivalent to 1/12th of 54. A salt is a compound formed by the neutralization of an acid with
the mass of a C12 atom. a base.
55. A reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water is
called neutralization.
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-13 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-14
56. Salts are prepared by: 67. The saturated hydrocarbons can be represented by a general
a. direct combination of elements. formula CnH2n+2.
b. action of acids on metals. 68. Methane, ethane, propane and butane are some examples of
c. action of acids on metallic oxides. saturated hydrocarbons.
d. action of acids on hydroxides. 69. The compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen, in which at
57. Some salts are neutral. Some are acidic and some are basic. least one of the carbon-carbon linkage is with double bond or
58. Indicators are complex organic compounds, which give different triple bond.
colours in acidic or basic solution.
70. Ethylene and acetylene are examples of unsaturated
59. The common indicators are litmus, methyl orange and
hydrocarbons.
phenolphthalein.
60. Indicators are used to distinguish between acidic and basic 71. A homologous series may be defined as series of compounds,
solutions. which have a general formula, general methods of preparation
61. A universal indicator is a mixture of several indicators that gives and similar chemical properties and difference of –CH2 in
definite colour changes over a wide range of pH. between two consecutive compounds.
62. The pH is the concentration of H+ ions, which determines 72. Methane is prepared by heating a mixture of sodium acetate
whether a solution is acidic, alkaline or neutral. and soda lime.
63. The symbol, atomic number, atomic weight, valency, electronic ∆
configuration and position in the periodic table of iron, copper, CH3COONa + NaOH → Na2CO3 + CH4
CaO
aluminum, silver and gold are given in the table below. 73. Methane is used as domestic fuel.
74. Ethane is prepared by heating a mixture of sodium propionate
Element Iron Copper Aluminium Silver Gold
Symbol Fe Cu Al Ag Au and soda lime.
Atomic 26 29 13 47 79 ∆
number C2H5COONa + NaOH → Na2CO3 + C2H6
Atomic 56 63.7 27 107.88 197.2
CaO
Weight 75. Ethane is used as a source of heat.
Valency 2,3 1,2 3 1 2,3 76. Propane is prepared by heating sodium salt of fatty acid with
Electronic 2,8,14,2 2,8,18,1 2,8,3 2,8,18,18,1 2,8,18,32,18,1
soda lime.
configur
ation ∆
Position in VIII IB IIIA IB IB C3H7COONa + NaOH → C3H8 + Na2CO3
CaO
the
periodic 77. Propane is used as a fuel.
table 78. Butane is prepared by heating sodium salt of fatty acid with soda
lime.
64. The compounds made of carbon and hydrogen are called ∆
hydrocarbons. C4H9COONa + NaOH → C4H10 + Na2CO3
CaO
65. There are two types of hydrocarbons:
79. Butane is used as a fuel.
a) Saturated hydrocarbons
80. Alcohols are hydroxyl derivatives of hydrocarbons.
b) Unsaturated hydrocarbons
81. The alcohols are termed as monohydric alcohols, dihydric
66. The compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen, in which all
alcohols and trihydric alcohols.
the carbon atoms are linked through single bonds are called
saturated hydrocarbons. 82. Ethyl alcohol, ethylene, glycol and glycerol are monohydric,
dihydric and trihydric alcohols respectively.
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-15 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-16
83. Ethyl alcohol is prepared by decomposition of glucose in 93. Ceramics are objects made from special type of clay, feldspar
presence of the enzyme zymase. and silicates.
zymase 94. Fibre is a hair-like strand of a substance that is extremely long
C6H12O6 → 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
in comparison to its width.
84. Ethyl alcohol is used as a fuel, solvent and beverage.
95. There are two types of plastics: Thermoplastic and
85. Glycerol is used as a sweetening agent.
Thermosetting plastic.
86. Glycerol is prepared by hydrolysis of fats and oils. It is also
96. The small molecule of organic compound from which the
prepared by replacing three hydrogen atoms from propane with
polymer is obtained is known as monomer.
hydroxyl groups by different chemical processes.
-3H 97. Polymer is a large molecule, which is formed by joining
CH3  CH2  CH3 → CH2OH CHOH CH2OH together a large number of similar monomers.
+3OH
87. When an excess of ethyl alcohol is heated with concentrated 98. The process of preparation of polymer from monomers is
sulphuric acid at 140oC, ether is formed. called polymerization.
∆ 99. The chemical compounds, which are used to kill the pests are
2C2H5OH → C2H5OC2H5 + H2O known as pesticides.
H2SO4
88. Ether is used as a anaesthesia. 100. The poisonous chemicals, which are used to kill insects are
called insecticides.
89. Cement is a mixture of calcium silicates and aluminates made by
heating limestone with clay containing oxides of aluminium and 101. There are two types of polymers: Natural polymers and
silicon. Synthetic polymers.
90. The properties of glass depend on the components of the various
chemicals added to silica during the process of the manufacture Multiple Choice Questions:
of glass. 1. Camphor can be separated from the mixture of sand and camphor
91. There are different types of glasses: by:
a) Quartz glass or silica glass a) Sublimation b) Filtration
b) Water glass c) Distillation d) Crystallisation
c) Ordinary glass or soft glass 2. From the given mixture of sand + iodine, Iodine is separated by:
d) Hard glass a) Distillation b) Sublimation
e) Borosilicate glass c) Crystallization d) None
f) Lead crystal glass 3. Black ink is separated into different colour by:
g) Coloured glass a) Sublimation b) Chromatography
92. Chemical constituents of different types of glasses: c) Distillation d) None
Type Constituents 4. The father of chemistry is:
1. Silica glass Silica a) Dalton b) Lavoiser
2. Water glass Silica and sodium carbonate c) Rutherford d) none
3. Soda-lime glass (soft Silica (50%), sodium carbonate (15%), calcium 5. In the given mixture of sand + camphor, camphor is separated by:
glass) carbonate (10%) and glass pieces (25%) a) distillation process b) sublimation process
4. Borosilicate glass Silica, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate and c) evaporation process d) decantation process
(pyrex) boric oxides 6. From the given solution of NaCl+ water, NaCl is separated by:
Potassium carbonate, calcium carbonate and
5. Potash glass
silica
a) filtration b) evaporation
Lead monoxide, potassium carbonate, c) sublimation d) decantation
6. Lead crystal glass
constituents of ordinary glass
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-17 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-18
7. Phosphoric acid is used with hydrogen peroxide acts as: 19. Formation of sodium metal from fused sodium chloride is the
a) –ve catalyst b) +ve catalyst example of:
c) Auto catalyst d) None a) Synthesis reaction b) Analysis reaction
8. Which one of the following reactions the hydrogen is replaced? c) Reversible reaction d) None
a) Isomer reaction 20. Fractional distillation is used for separation of two miscible
b) Single displacement liquid and is based on difference in boiling points of two liquids.
c) Double displacement Fractional crystallization is based on:
d) Acid base reaction a) Nature of crystal
9. Zn + dil HCl → ZnCl2 +H2 is the example of: b) weight of crystal
a) Neutralisation
c) colour of crystal
b) Single Displacement reaction
d) solubility of solids in solvent
c) Double displacement
d) None
21. Burning of candle is:
10. A pressure cooker reduces cooking time because: a) Physical b) Chemical
a) the heat is more evenly distributed. c) Both a and b d) None
b) the higher pressure tenderizes the food. 22. Mixture containing NaCl + Water, NaCl is separated by:
c) the boiling point of water inside is elevated. a) Distillation b) Sublimation
d) a large flame is used. c) Evaporation d) Both (a) and (c)
11. AgNO3 + NaCl → AgCl + NaNO3, is the example of: 23. The ratio of Nitrogen and Hydrogen in Ammonia by volume is:
a) Single displacement b) Double displacement a) 1:14 b) 3:1
c) Precipitation d) Both (b) and (c) c) 1:3 d) None
12. When a solid is turned into gaseous state due to heat and converts 24. Metal A displaced metal B from a solution of its ions. Metal B
into solid is known as: displaced metal C from solution of its ions. What could A, B and
a) Melting b) Solidification C have been?
c) Sublimation d) Vaporisation
13. Mixture of NaCl + water is separated by: 1 2 3
a) Evaporation b) Distillation a) Calcium Silver Sodium
c) Both a and b d) None b) Calcium Sodium Silver
15. Who is the father of chemistry?
c) Sodium Calcium Silver
a) Dalton b) Berzellius
c) Lavosier d) None d) Silver Sodium calcium
16. Which one is physical change? 25. Which of the following is the best method of obtaining pure
a) burning of S in air water from ink?
b) burning of C in air a) chromatography b) distillation
c) corrosion of metal c) filtration d) freezing
d) conversion of white phosphorus to red phosphorus 26. Which of the following statements is correct for the reaction
17. You are given AgCl in aqueous solution, how would you separate Fe3O4 + 4H2 3Fe + 3H2O
AgCl? a) It is a combination reaction.
a) sublimation b) atmolysis b) Hydrogen acts as a oxidising agent.
c) solvent extraction d) filtration c) Fe3O4 acts as a reducing agent.
18. The first person to receive Nobel prize in chemistry is: d) Hydrogen acts as a reducing agent.
a) Rutherford b) Chadwick 27. Father of chemistry is:
c) Lavoiser d) Vant Hoff a) Lavosier b) Berzelius
c) Dalton d) None
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-19 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-20
28. Which change can involve both condensation and freezing? 38. The molecular formula of baking soda is:
a) Na2 CO3 b) CaCO3
Steam D
c) NaHCO3 d) None
A C 39. Match the following pairs:
B Ice Quick lime CaO
Water
Lime water FeSO4.7H2O
a) C b) A Blue vitriol (CaSO4)2.H2O
c) D d) B Green vitriol H2SO4
29. The reaction Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2 is an example of: Plaster of paris ZnCO3
a) displacement reaction b) combination reaction Bleaching powder Fe2O3
c) Decomposition reaction d) Acid –Base reaction Oil of vitriol C6H5OH
30. Potassium Nitrate crystals can be separated from sand using the Milk of Magnesia H2CO3
four processes shown below. Which of the following shows the Vinegar CH3COOH
process in the correct order? Carbolic Acid Mg(OH)2
First step -------------------------------------- Last step Carbonic Acid CaOCl2
a) Filter Dissolve Evaporate Crystallize Calamine lotion AgNO3
b) Dissolve Evaporate Crystallize Filter Zinc blende CuSO4.5H2O
c) Dissolve Evaporate Filter Crystallize Lunar Caustic Ca(OH)2
d) Dissolve Filter Evaporate Crystallize Hematite ZnS
31. If the formula of an Aluminium compound is AlX, which of the 40. Which of the following chemical reaction is an example of
following is true? decomposition reaction?
a) (NH4)3X b) NH4X a) 2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl b) N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3
c) NH4X2 d) NH4X3 c) 2AgBr → 2Ag + Br2 d) Both a & c
32. The molecualr formula of Litharge is: 41. Which of the following chemical reaction is not balanced?
a) PbS b) ZnO a) C + O2 → CO2
c) HgO d) PbO b) Cu + O2 → CuO
33. Which one of the following is called aqua fortis? c) Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
a) HNO3 b) H2SO4 d) CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
c) HCl d) H2CO3 42. Which of the following chemical reaction is an example of acid-
34. Acid-base reaction is basically: base reaction?
a) Addition reaction a) H2SO4 + CaO → CaSO4 + H2O b) 2Zn + O2 → 2ZnO
b) Decomposition reaction c) 2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2 d) CaCO3 → CaO + CO2
c) Single displacement 43. What happens when silver is treated with dil. Hydrochloric acid?
d) Double displacement a) Silver chloride is formed
35. Rock salt is the ore of: b) Hydrogen gas is evolved
a) Na b) Cs c) Oxygen gas is evolved
c) Si d) Fe d) It does not react with dill. Hydrochloric acid.
36. The M.F. of calamine lotion is: 44. What is the M.F. of sodium meta aluminate?
a) ZnCO3 b) ZnS a) NaAlO2 b) Na3AlO3
c) ZnCl2 d) None c) AlCl3 c) NaCl
37. The molecular formula of galena is: 45. Which of the following is the At. No. of copper?
a) ZnS b) HgS a) 30 b) 29
c) PbS d) None c) 31 d) 32

INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-21 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-22

46. What is the M.F. of horn silver? 60. Total number of electron in Fe3+ ion is:
a) Ag2S b) (AgCu2)2S a) 23 b) 24
c) AgCl d) Ag c) 26 d) None
47. Which of the following compound is used as a negative in a photography? 61. Molecular formula of Litharge is:
a) AgCl b) AgI a) Pbs b) PbO
c) AgBr d) AgNO3 c) Pb3O4 d) None
48. What is the atomic wt. of gold? 62. Molecular formula of Lunar Caustic is:
a) 179 b) 35 a) NaNO3 b) KNO3
c) 35.5 d) None c) AgNO3 d) All of them
49. What is the M.F. of Auric chloride? 63. One molecule of sulphur contains ----- atoms.
a) AuCl b) AuBr3 a) 6 b) 7
c) AuCl3 d) AgBr. c) 8 d) None
50. What is the M.F. of sodium zincate? 64. The molecular formula of potassium ferrocynide is:
a) Na2S b) Na2ZnO2 a) K4 [Fe(CN)6] b) K3[Fe(CN)6]
c) Na2Z d) None c) K4 [Fe(CN)5] d) K4 [Fe(CN)7]
51. What is the M.F. of gypsum? 65. What happens when NH4OH is treated with AgCl?
a) Al2O3.SiO2 b) CaSO4.2H2O a) Ag(NH3)2Cl is formed
c) CaCO3 d) All of the above b) Ag(OH) is formed
52. Molecular formula of urea fertilizer is: c) Ag(OH)Cl is formed
a) (NH4)2SO4 b) CO(NH2)2 d) No reaction
c) NH4NO3 d) KCl 66. An atom having 20 protons will react with an atom of atomic
53. Which of the following is diatomic? number:
a) Sodium b) chlorine a) 11 b) 14
c) Carbon d) potassium c) 16 d) 10
54. The valency of oxygen is: 67. The moluecular formula of phosgene gas is:
a) 1 b) 2 a) CaOCl2 b) COCl
c) 3 d) 4 c) COCl2 d) CoCl2
55. When zinc is treated with surphuric acid ,The main product is: 68. Which of the following is known as philosophers wool?
a) ZnSO4 b) ZnO a) ZnSO4.7H2O b) ZnO
c) Zn (OH)2 d) None c) FeSO4.7H2O d) FeO
56 The gas which is obtained by heating ammonium nitrate is: 69. The rxn NH4 CNO  NH2 – CO – NH2 is of the type:
a) N2 b) NO a) Oxidation –reduction b) Isomerization
c) N2O d) None c) Neutralization d) Analysis
57. Molecular formula of plaster of Paris is: 70. Molecular formula of plaster of Paris is:
a) CaSO4. 2H2O b) (CaSO4)2. H2O a) CaSO4.H2O b) (CaSO4)2.H2O
c) CaSO4.H2O d) None c) CaSO4.2H2O d) None
58. Molecular formula of hydrolith is: 71. Molecular formula of green vitriol is:
a) CaCl2 b) CaSO4 a) CuSO4.5 H2O b) FeSO4.7H2O
c) CaH2 d) None c) ZnSO4,. 7H2O d) MgSO4.7H2O
59. Molecular formula of blue vitriole is: 72. A component whose molecular mass in 90 grams contain 40.0%
a) FeSO4.7H2O b) CuSO4.5H2O carbon, 6.67% Hydrogen and 53.33% oxygen. What is true
c) ZnSO4.7H2O d) None formula for the compound?
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-23 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-24
 a) C2H2OH b) CH2O4 85. Molecular formula of Lunar Caustic is:
c) C3H6O3 d) C3HO3 a) NaOH b) KOH
73. Molecular formula of Bleaching powder is: c) AgNO3 d) AgCl
a) Ca(OCl)Cl b) CaOCl 86. The molecular formula of quick lime is:
c) Ca(OCl)2 d) None a) CaCO3 b) KOH
74. Molecular formula of lunar caustic is: c) Na2CO3 d) CaO
a) KOH b) NaOH 87. Element X has electronic configuration structure 2.8.8.1
c) AgNO3 d) None Element Y has electronic configuration structure 2.8.6.
75. All of the following are compounds except: What is made when X and Y react?
a) Copper Sulphate b) Carbondioxide Type of compound Formula
c) Washing Soda d) Air a) Covalent compound X2Y
76. Element used in photoelectric cell is: b) Covalent compound XY2
a) Li b) Na c) Electrovalent compound X2Y
c) Cs d) Fr d) Electrovalent compound XY2
77. Which has maximum number of atoms? 88. After acidification with dilute nitric acid, a colorless solution of
a) 24 gm of C(12) b) 56 g of Fe (56) X reacts with aq. Silver nitrate to give a white precipitate. What
c) 26 gm of Al (27) d) 108 gm of Ag (108) could X be?
78. Tear gas is chemically: a) calcium iodide. b) Lead (II) chloride
a) acetyl salicylic acid b) chloropicrin c) Lead (II) iodide d) Sodium chloride
c) phenyl isocyanide d) carbon monoxide 89. The table shows the results of adding dilute hydrochloric acid
79. Which of the following is indicator of progress and prosperity of and aqueous sodium hydroxide to a hydroxide. Which set of
country? results is correct?
a) HCL b) HNO3 Result of adding
c) Aquaregia d) H2SO4 Dilute hydrochloric acid Aqueous sodium hydroxide
80. Molecular formula of calcium hypochlorite is a) No reaction Reaction
a) Ca (OCl3)2 b) Ca (OCl2)2 b) No reaction No reaction
c) Ca (ClO)2 d) None c) Reaction Reaction
81. Molecular formula of dead burnt is:
d) Reaction No reaction
a) CaSO4.2H2O b) (CaSO4)
90. In which pair of substances, does each have a giant molecular
1
c) CaSO4 d) CaSO4. H2O structure?
2
a) diamond, iodine b) diamond, silica (sand)
82. What happens when silver is treated with dil hydrochloric acid?
c) iodine, methane d) methane, silica (sand)
a) Silver chloride id formed. 91. Which atom forms an ion with a charge of 2+?
b) Hydrogen gas is evolved.
Proton (Atomic Number)
c) Oxygen gas is evolved.
a) 6
d) It does not react with dil HCl.
b) 8
83. When steam is passed over heated iron, we get:
a) FeO+H2 b) Fe2O3+H2 c) 12
c) Fe3O4+H2 d) None d) 15
84. Molecular formula of bleaching powder is: 92. What is the specific density of gold?
a) Ca (OCl)Cl b) Ca (OCl)2 a) 20 gram/cm3 b) 19.3 gram/cm3
3
c) Ca OCl2 d) both a and c c) 21 gram/cm d) 24.3 gram/cm3

INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-25 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-26

93. What volume, in liters, of ammonia is produced when 22.4 liters 101. Which of the following is the formula of solubility?
of nitrogen are made to combine with a sufficient quantity of Wt. of solute (gram)
hydrogen under appropriate conditions? a) Solubility = x 100
Wt. of Solvent(gram)
a) 11, 2 b) 22.4 Wt. of Solution (gram)
c) 44.8 d) 78.2 b) Solubility = x 100
Wt. of Solvent (gram)
94. The value of universal gas constant (R) is: Wt. of Solvent (gram)
a) 0.0821 lit atm k-1 mol-1 c) Solubility = Wt. of Solute (gram) x 100
b) 0.821 atm k-1 mol-1 d) None of the above
c) 0.0821 Joule k-1 mol-1 102. Tooth Paste is the example of:
d) 1.987 Joule k-1 mol-1 a) colloids b) solution
95. Which of the following pairs of gases contain same number of c) suspension d) all of the above
molecules? 103. Aqueous solution containing gas is example of:
a) 16 gm of O2 and 14 gm of N2 a) brass b) coca cola
b) 8 gm of O2 and 22 gm of CO2 c) salt solution d) none of the above
c) 28 gm of N2 and 22 gm of C12 104. For the solubility of given compound amount of solvent
d) 32 gm of O2 and 32 gm of N2 necessary is:
96. Solubility curve of sodium chloride in water with rise of temperature: a) 250 gram b) 100 gram
a) Increased rapidly c) 150 gram d) 105 gram
b) Slightly increase 105. Generally, when the saturated solution is heated it becomes:
c) No any change in solubility a) unsaturated b) saturated
d) None c) super saturated d) none
97. The table shows the boiling points of some of the gases present 106. Mixture of alcohol and water is example of:
in air. a) colloid b) solution
Gas Boiling point/ºC c) suspension d) all of the above
Argon -186 107. Which of the following is the formula of solubility?
Helium -269 wt. of solute(gram)
Neon -246 a) Solubility = × 100
wt. of solution (gram)
Nitrogen -196 wt. of solute in gram
Oxygen -183 b) Solubility = × 100
wt. of solvent in gram
When air is cooled to -200oC, some of these liquefy. Which gas wt. of solvent in gram
liquefy? c) Solubility = × 100
wt. of solute in gram
a) argon, helium and neon b) argon, nitrogen and oxygen d) None
c) helium, neon and nitrogen d) helium and neon 108. Which of the following is insoluble in water?
98. Thickening of window glass after sometime is known as: a) NaCl b) CaCl2
a) Hydration b) Hygroscopy c) AgCl d) BaCl2
c) Super cooling d) None 109. Which ion is present in the highest concentration in a 2 mol /dm3
99. Blood is example of: aq. Solution of sodium sulphate?
a) Colloidal solution b) True solution a) the hydrogen ion, H+ b) the hydroxide ion, OH-
c) Suspension d) None c) the sodium ion, Na +
d) the sulphate ion , SO42-
100. Particle size of solute in true solution is: 110. How many molecules are there in 1 mole of carbon-dioxide gas?
a) 100 – 1000 Ao b) 1 – 10 Ao a) 6.02x1023 molecules b) 6.02x1027 molecules
c) 4000 – 7000 A o
d) None 30
c) 6.02x10 molecules d) 6.02x10-32 molecules
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-27 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-28
111. Which of the following number is Avogadro’s number? 120. 11-2 litre of steam contains ----- gram of hydrogen.
a) 6.02x1024 b) 6.023x1023 a) 1 g b) 2 g
c) 6.02x1025 d) 6.02x10-23 c) 3 g d) 4 g
112. 18 gram of water at NTP contains: 121. Which of the following statements is correct about the thermal
a) 6.023 × 1023 molecules b) 3.012 × 1023 molecules decomposition of magnesium carbonate?
23 a) One mole of magnesium carbonate gives one mole of magnesium
c) 12.04 × 10 molecules d) None
113. One mole of CO2 contains: oxide and two mole of carbon dioxide.
a) 6.023×1023 atoms of oxygen b) Two mole of magnesium carbonate gives one mole of magnesium
b) 6.023×1023 atoms of carbon oxide and two mole of carbon dioxide.
c) One mole of magnesium carbonate gives one mole of carbon
c) 2×6.023×1025 atoms of C
dioxide and two mole of magnesium oxide.
d) None d) Two mole of magnesium carbonate gives two mole of magnesium
114. How many moles of H2SO4 are present in 24.5 gm of H2SO4? oxide and two mole of carbon dioxide.
a) 1 mole b) 0.5 mole 122. What is the exact weight of one atom of hydrogen?
c) 0.25 mole d) 0.15 mole a) 1 gm b) 1 amu
115. The number of water molecules present in 1 litre of water is: c) 1.008 g d) 1.008 amu
a) 18 b) 18 × 1000 123. Isotopes have:
c) NA d) 55.55NA a) same at. No b) different no. of neutrons
116. What will be the number of moles in 13.5 gm of SO2Cl2? c) same no. of neutrons d) both a and b
a) 0.1 b) 1 124. The mass of a neutron is of the order of:
c) 10 d) 100 a) 10-23 Kg b) 10-24 Kg
117. 0.5 mole of water at NTP contains water molecule is: -26
c) 10 Kg d) 10-27 Kg
1 125. The maximum number of electrons are:
a) 6.023 × 1023 b) × 6.023 × 1023
2 a) 71g in chlorine b) 120g in magnesium
1 c) 127g in iodine d) 4g in hydrogen
c) 6.023 × 10-23 d) 2 × 6.023 × 10-23
126. Which is the electron deficient molecule?
118. 8.5 gram of ammonia contains: a) CH4 b) BF3
a) 6.023 × 1023 atoms of N2 c) NH3 d) H2O
1 127. Rutherford's atomic model is based on:
b) × 6.023 × 1023 atoms of N2
2 a) -rays scattering experiment
c) 3 × 6.023 × 1023 atoms of N2 b) -rays scattering experiment
d) None c) -rays scattering experiment
119. Magnesium reacts with oxygen to form magnesium oxide. d) -rays scattering experiment
2Mg + O2 → 2MgO 128. The subatomic particle of an atom, which has no charge is
Which of the following statements is correct about the above known as:
change? a) Proton b) Neutron
a) Two moles of magnesium react with one mole of oxygen atom to c) Electron d) None
from two moles of magnesium oxide.
129 The smallest particle of matter which, generally participates in
b) 12g magnesium reacts with 16g. Oxygen to form 28g magnesium
oxide. chemical resection but has no free of existence is known as:
c) 24g magnesium reacts with 32g oxygen to form 80g magnesium a) atom b) molecule
oxide. c) element d) none
d) 48g magnesium reacts with 32g oxygen to form 80g magnesium
oxide.
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-29 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-30
130. The nucleus of atom is discovered by: 40 Ar & 40 Ca are the example of:
a) Avogadro b) Rutherford 143.
18 20
c) Dalton d) None a) Isotopes b) Isotones
131. The molecule term is given by: c) Isobars d) None
a) Dalton b) Rutherford 144. Which fertilizer provides the most nitrogen per mole?
c) Avogadro d) None a) NH4NO3 b) NaNO3
132. What is the gram molecular weight of oxygen molecule? c) (NH4)3PO4 d) (NH4)2SO4
a) 30 gram b) 32 gram 145. Valency found in MgO is:
c) 34 gram d) 40 gram a) Ionic b) Covalent
133. In the given example, which is whole number? c) Co-ordinate d) None
a) Atomic mass b) Atomic number 146. Which of the following is not covalent in nature?
c) Equivalent d) None a) CCl4 b) H2O
134. How many gram of hydrogen is present in 18 gram of water: c) NH4Cl d) CH4
a) 4 gram b) 2 gram 147. Here are some structures. Pick out iso-electronic structures:
c) 1 gram d) None (I) CH3+ (II) H3O+ (III) NH3 (IV )CH3-
135. How many gram of Oxygen is present in 36 gram of water: a) I and IV b) I and IV
a) 16 gram b) 32 gram c) I and III d) II, III and IV
c) 8 gram d) None 148. The coupling between the base unit of DNA is through:
136. The ratio of Hydrogen and Oxygen in water by weight is: a) Hydrogen bonding b) Electrostatic bonding
a) 1:2 b) 8:1 c) Covalent bonding d) Resonance
c) 1:8 d) None 149. Chemical bond means:
137. The mass of an electron is: a) Attraction b) Repulsion
a) 1/1837 of that of Hydrogen c) Attraction and repulsion
b) 2/1829 of that of Hydrogen d) Attraction and repulsion balanced at a particular distance
c) 1/2839 of that of Hydrogen 150. Which of the following compound contains both ionic and
d) None covalent bond?
138. The ratio of Hydrogen and Oxygen in water by volume is: a) CH4 b) H2
a) 2:1 b)1:2 c) KCN d) CH3Cl
c) 1:8 d) none 151. What is water?
139. Nucleus of the atom is discovered by: a) Covalent compound
a) Dalton b) Avogadro b) An electrovalent compound
c) Rutherford d) None c) A coordinate covalent compound
140. What is the percentage composition of calcium in calcium d) None of the above
hydroxide, Ca(OH)2? 152. Valency of aluminate is:
a) 40% b) 43% a) -3 b) +3
c) 54% d) 69% c) -1 d) +1
141. Positron is anti-particle of electron. Positron is: 153. Electrical energy is produced by a simple cell as result of:
a) -1e0 b. +1e0 a) the formation of covalent bonds between atoms
1
c) 1H d) +1e-1 b) the formation of negative ions from atoms
142. Which of following is a non-matter? c) the positive and negative ions come together.
a) Molecular b) Atom d) the transfer of electrons from a more reactive to a less
c) Electron d) -Rays reactive element.
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-31 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-32
154. The number of electrons in Mg++ is: 164. Which of the following is not present is German Silver?
a) 12 b) 14 a) Cu b) Ni
c) 10 d) 2 c) Zn d) Sn
155. Which one of the following is not redex reaction? 165. Which of the following has highest affinity for haemoglobin?
a) Zn + Dill HCl  ZnCl2 + H2  a) CO2 b) CO
b) NaOH + HCl  NaCl + H2O c) C d) Blood
166. Latin name of mercury is:
c) Fe2O3 + CO  Fe + CO2  a) Natrium b) Hydrargyrum
d) CuO + H2  Cu + H2O c) Kalium d) Ferrum
156. Loss of electron is known as: 167. An hydrous copper sulphate (CuSO4) is:
a) Reduction b) Oxidation a) blue b) yellow
c) Redox d) None c) white b) black
157. Which of the following reaction is the oxidation reduction reaction? 168. The acid anhydride of HNO3 is:
a) BaO2 + H2SO4  BaSO4 + H2S2 a) NO2 b) N2O4
b) N2O5 + H2O  2HNO3 c) NO3 d) N2O5
c) AgNO3 + NaCl  AgCl + NaNO3 169. Two tests were carried out on a colourless liquid X. X turned
d) SnCl2 + 2HgCl2  SnCl4 + Hg2Cl2 anhydrous copper(II) sulphate from white to blue and X reacted
158. Those chemical substances in which there is increase in oxidation with calcium giving hydrogen; What could be X?
number is known as: 1. dilute hydrochloric acid 2. ethanol 3. water
a) Oxidation b) Reduction a) 1 only b) 1 and 2 only
c) Reductant d) Both a and c c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3
159. What will be the colour of universal indicator when dipped in a
170. NH4Cl is example of ----- salt.
solution having pH 4.5?
a) Acidic d) Basic
a) Red b) Yellow
c) Light green d) Greenish blue c) Neutral d) None
160. Which substance is a reducing agent in the production of iron? 171. A student added aqueous sodium hydroxide to a salt X. On
a) air b) carbon dioxide warming, a gas was evolved which turned litmus blue. Which
c) carbon monoxide d) limestone ion was present in X?
161. Which statement about the three processes respiration, combustion a) Cl- b) H+
and rusting is correct? c) NH4+ d) NO3-
a) Nitrogen must be present for the process to occur. 172. ZnO is an amphoteric because:
b) The mass of reactants is greater than that of products. a) ZnO reacts with HCl only
c) the processes causes a decrease in the oxygen content in the b) ZnO reacts with both acid and alkali
atmosphere. c) ZnO does not react with both acid and alkali
d) The processes can cause an increase in the carbon dioxide d) None of these
content of the atmosphere. 173. Under the same conditions 22g of carbondioxide will have the
162. Bauxite is the ore of: same volume as 22g of:
a) Zinc b) Aluminuium a) dinitrogen oxide b) nitrogen
c) Copper d) Lead c) carbon monoxide d) nitrogen dioxide
163. Which of the following will displace Br2 from an aqueaus solution 174. When amonium salt is heated with alkali, we get gas:
of NaBr? a) N2 b) NH2
a) I2 b) Cl2 c) N2O d) NO2
c) Cl– d) I3–

INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-33 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-34

175. Which of the following is impure? 188. Permanent hardness of water is due to presence of:
a) Bauxite b) Water a) Ca(HCO3)2 b) Mg(HCO3)2
c) NaCl d) Magnetium oxide c) CaCl2 d) None
176. Which one of the following oxide gives oxygen gas when heated? 189. Temporary hardness of water is due to presence of:
a) Na2O b) MgO a) CaCl2 b) MgSO4
c) Ag2O d) CaO c) Mg(HCO3)2 d) None
177. Which of the following is not a true peroxide? 190. Rusting of Iron is due to formation of:
a) Na2O2 b) PbO2 a) Fe2O3 b) Fe3O4
c) K2O2 d) BaO2 c) Fe2O3 × H2O d) None
178. Which of the following when treated with water gives H2S gas? 191. Water containing Mg SO4 is removed by
a) MgSO4 b) MgSO3 a) Soda ash b) Washing soda
c) MgS d) (NH4) SO4 c) Permutit Method d) All of them
179. The water which contains calcium bicarbonate and calcium 192. When excess of CO2 gas is passed through lime water up to
chloride is: saturation, we get clear solution due to formation of:
a) Temporary b) Permanent a) CaCO3 b) Ca(OH)2
c) a and b d) None c) Ca(HCO3)2 d) None
180. If water contains calcium sulphate compound, hardness is 193. Permutit method is used for removal of:
separated by: a) Temporary b) Permanent
a) lime water b) boiling c) Both a & b d) None
c) washing soda d) None 194. Temporary hardness may be removed from water, by adding:
181. The molecular formula of rust is: a) CaCO3 b) CaSO4
a) FeO b) Fe3O4 c) Ca(OH)2 d) HCl
c) Fe2O3.XH2O d) None 195. Water containing HCO3-- is removed by:
182. Which one of these is neutral oxide? a) Boiling b) Clarck’s method
a) CO b) CO2 c) Washing soda d) both a and b
c) N2O5 d) None 196. The chemical substances, which absorbs moisture from
183. Which one of these is sodium peroxide? atmosphere to become wet are known as:
a) Na2O b) Na2O2 a) Effloresecnce b) Deliquesence
c) Na2O3 d) None c) Saponification d) None
184. Which one of these is basic oxide? 197. H2O2 is:
a) CaO b) Na2O a) Hydrogen peroxide b) oxygenated water
c) K2O d) All of them c) bleaching agent d) all
185. Temporary hardness of water is removed by: 198. Hardness of water is due to which pair of ion?
a) Boiling b) With lime water a) Ca2+ and K+ b) Mg2+ and K+
2+ +
c) Both (a) and (b) d) None c) Ca and Mg d) Ba2+ and Zn2+
186. Permanent hardness of water is removed by: 199. Permanent hardness of water is due to presence of:
a) Na2CO3 solution b) Sodium zeolite a) Ca(HCO3)2 b) Mg(HCO3)2
c) Both (a) and (b) d) None c) CaCl2 d) None
187. Which of these is water softner? 200. Temporary hardness of water is due to presence of:
a) Na2CO3 b) MgCO3 a) CaCl2 b) MgSO4
c) CaCO3 d) None c) Mg(HCO3)2 d) None

INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-35 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-36

201. Basic property of separation of metals is: 213. The composition of bronze is:
a) Mass b) Volume a) Cu + Zn b) Cu + Zn + Ni
c) Density d) Melting point c) Cu + Sn d) None
202. Calomel is the ore of: 214. The composition of german silver is:
a) Calcium b) Cadmium a) Cu + Zn b) Cu + Sn
c) Chromium d) Mercury c) Cu + Zn + Ni d) None
203. Molten cryolite, Na3AlF6, is used in the extraction of aluminium. 215. Example of Metalloid is:
Why is cryolite used? a) Be b) Ge
a) It acts as a catalyst c) As d) All of them.
b) It dissolves aluminium oxide 216. Symbol of quick silver is:
c) It increases the purity of the aluminium a) Ag b) Hg
d) It removes impurities as slag c) Au d) none
204. Impurities present in the ore are called: 217. Which are the examples of Metalloid?
a) Gangue b) Slag a) As b) Sb
c) Flux d) None c) Ge d) All of them
205. Galvanized iron is protected from rusting because it has a 218. What is the nature of sodium metal?
coating of: a) Malleable b) Ductile
a) Pb b) Cu c) Both a and b d) Soft
c) Zn d) None 219. The element used in an electric heater is:
206. Which of the following metal is called alkaline earth metal? a) Platinum b) Tungsten
a) Li b) Na c) Nichrome d) Copper
c) Ca d) Al 220. The metal associated with Haemoglobin is:
207. Which of the following is the ore of copper? a) Copper b) Iron
a) CuFeS2 b) Cu2S c) Magnesium d) Manganese
c) CuCl3 d) Both a & b 221. Magnetite is the ore of:
208. What is the specific density of the copper? a) Magnesium b) Iron
a) 8 b) 7.75 c) Manganese d) Molybdenum
c) 8.85 d) None of the above 222. Froth floatation is the process of concentration of which of the
209. Which of the following metal is also called coinage metal? ores?
a) Na b) Li a) Oxide b) Sulphide
c) Cu d) Ca c) Carbonate d) Sulphate
210. Amalgam is: 223. The metals which can be used as anode is electrolysis of any kind
a) an alloy b) slag of electrolyte is:
c) flux d) none a) Cu b) Pt
211. Slag is the product of: c) Zn d) Al
a) Gangue b) Gangue + Flux 224. Malachite is a metallic ore from which metal can be extracted.
c) Colloidal d) None Which of the following metals can be extracted from malachite?
212. The composition of brass is: a) Gold b) Silver
a) Cu + Sn b) Cu + Zn c) Copper d) Iron
c) Cu + Hg d) None 225. Haematite is the ore of:
a) Zinc b) Copper
c) Iron d) None
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-37 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-38
226. Litharge is the ore of: 235. Stainless steel contains:
a) Zinc b) Lead a) Fe + Cr + Ni + Ag b) Fe + Cr + Ni + C
c) Tin d) Iron c) Cu + Zn + Ni d) None
227. Ores of copper metal is: 236. Galena is the ore of:
a) Galena b) Azurite a) Silver b) Magnesium
c) Magnetite d) None c) Lead d) copper
228. Example of metalloid is: 237. Electricity conduct through molten soduim chloride by presence
a) Al b) Fe of:
c) Cu d) Sb a) Free electron b) Formation of Na+ and Cl–
229. Dolomite is chemically known as: c) Both a and b d) None
a) MgCO3 + CaCO3 b) MgOH + CaCO3 238. In the electrolysis of water, the cathode reaction is:
c) MgCO3 + Ca(OH)2 d) None a) 2H2O (l) + 2e- H2 (g) + 2OH- + O2 (g)
230. A substance X 1
1. has a high melting point b) 2H2O (l)  2 O2(g) + 2H+ + 1e-
2. is a good conductor of electricity c) 2OH- + 2e-  O2(g) + H2(g)
3. is malleable. d) 2H+ + 2e-  H2(g)
What could X be? 239. The table gives information about the ability of four substances
a) Silicon ( IV) oxide b) Sodium chloride to conduct electricity. What could these four substances be?
c) Graphite d) Iron Substance Property
231. Magnetite is an ore of W Does not conduct under any conditions
a) Manganese b) Copper X Conducts only in aqueous Solution
c) Iron d) Magnesium Y Conducts when molten and when solid
232. Three substances have the following properties. Z Conducts when molten and when in aqueous
Substance 1 is brittle solution
Substance 2 melts at 5oC and boils at 150oC
Substance 3 has a high melting point of 800oC w x y z
What is the state of each substance at room temperature and a) Pb HCl NaCl S
pressure? b) S HCl NaCl Pb
Substance 1 Substance 2 Substance 3 c) S HCl Pb NaCl
a) Gas Liquid Solid d) S NaCl HCl Pb
b) Solid Gas Solid 240. The secondary cell that is generally used in out vehicle is:
c) Solid Liquid Solid a) Nickel Cadmium cell b) Lead Acid cell
d) solid Gas Gas c) Platinum nickel cell d) Lechlanche cell
233. Which of the following compound is called magnetic oxide of 241. The ionic equation for a reaction is shown below
iron? Ba2+ + SO42- → BaSO4
a) Fe2O3 b) Fe3O4 This reaction takes place readily when:
c) FeCO3 d) FeO a) aq barium nitrate is added to aq. Sodium sulphate
234. Sylvine is: b) molten barium sulphate is cooled until it solidifies
a) FeCl3 b) MgCl c) solid barium chloride is added to dilute sulphuric acid,
c) KCl d) AuCl d) solid barium sulphate is heated until it melts
242. What happens when the aqueous solution of lead nitrate is
electrolyzed?
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-39 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-40
 a) Lead is deposited at anode and oxygen at cathode. 4. CHEMISTRY IN DAILY LIFE
b) Lead is deposited at cathode and nitrogen dioxide at anode There is hardly any walk in life where we do not need the chemistry.
c) Lead is deposited at cathode and oxygen at anode Sythetic chemistry especially organic has improved almost every aspect
d) Lead is deposited at cathode and nitrate at anode. of life like food, clothing, fuel, medicine, luxury etc. The contribution
243. Which of the following, when added to water, makes a solution of chemistry in following field is extra ordinary.
that is a good conductor of electricity?
a) calcium carbonate b) copper Fertilizers
c) ethanol d) sodium hydroxide Nitrogen containing fertilizers:
244. A current was passed through concentrated aqueous potassium Ammonium Sulphate (NH4)2SO4
chloride, KCl, as shown. Ammonium Nitrate NH4NO3
Urea NH2CONH2 (46% Nitrogen)
Calcium Ammonium
Nitrate (CAN) Ca(NO3)2NH4NO3

Potassium containing fertilizers:

Potassium Chloride (KCl), Potassium Sulphate (K2SO4), Potassium
Nitrate (KNO3), Potassium Carbonate (K2CO3).

Which entry in the table is correct? Phosphorus containing fertilizers:

ions moving towards Ammonium Phosphate (NH4)3PO4
the cathode (-ve) the anode (+ve) Calcium Super Phosphate Ca(H2PO4)22CaSO4
a) K+ only Cl- and OH- Triple Super Phosphate 3Ca(H2PO4)2
+
b) K only Cl- only Ammophos (NH4)H2PO4
+ +
c) K and H Cl- only
+ +
d) K and H Cl- and OH-
Calcium containing fertilizer:
245. In which electrolyte would a carbon cathode increase in mass These fertilizers especially control soil acidity. Example: Calcium
during electrolysis? Oxide, Calcium Carbonate (Limestone).
a) aq. Copper (i) sulphate
b) concentrated hydrochloric acid The fertilizers containing only one primary plant nutrient (Nitrogen,
c) concentrated aq. Sodium chloride Phosphorus, or Potassium) are called single fertilizer. The fertilizer
d) dilute sulphuric acid containing more than one plant nutrient is called mixed fertilizers. If a
fertilizer contains all requirement of plant nutrient, it is called complete
or NPK fertilizer.

Pesticides
These substances destroy the harmful agents like insects, herbs (weeds)
fungi and rodents of crop. These are respectively called insecticides,
herbicides, fungicides and rodenticides.

Insecticides
Chlorine containing:
DDT (Dichloro-diphenyl trichloroethane)
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-41 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-42
BHC (Benzene hexa Chloride) Anesthetics:
Chlordane, Heptachlor, Aldrin, Dialdrin They are used for producing general or local insensibility to pain &
other sensation.
Phosphorus containing: Example: Ether, Chloroform, Nitrous Oxide etc.
Phosdrin, Malathion, Parathion, Folone, Demeton
Glass
Herbicides Glass is called super cooled liquid because its molecules are in slow
2, 4 – dichlorophenoxyAcetic acid (2, 4-D) motion from higher to lower surface when placed vertically. Glass is
5 – trichlorophenoxyAcetic acid (2, 4, 5 -T) mixture of silicates but a wide variety of chemicals can be added to
give different characteristics.
Fungicides
Copper Sulphate, Copper nephthonate, 2, 4, 6 – trichloro phenol, 1. Water glass:
CuSO4 + lime water (Bordeaux mixture) Water glass is formed by melting of Silica & Sodium Carbonate and is
soluble in water.
Rodenticides:
Sodium monochloroacetate, Sodium fluoroacetate, Zinc posphide etc. Ordinary or soda glass consists of silica (50%), Sodium Carbonate
(15%), Calcium Carbonate (10%), Scrap glass (25%).
Chemicals in medicine
Drugs is a substance with an abnormal effect on certain body functions. 2. Pyrex (Borosilicate glass):
It is heat resistant glass made by adding Boron Oxide to soda glass.
Chemotherapeutic agents are used for treatment and cure of specific
disease, while pharmacodynamic agents are not specific remedies for 3. Lead crystal or optical glass or flint:
particular disease. For optical purpose, this type of glass is prepared by mixing some
quantity of Lead Oxide and Potassium Carbonate with mixture used for
Antiseptics: ordinary glass.
They prevent sepsis of wound.
Example: Savlon, Chloro-m-xylenol, Salol, Boric acid, Potassium 4. Crooke’s glass:
Permanganate, Iodine etc. It is glass containing Cerium Oxide (CeO2). It can absorb UV light, so
it is used for making goggles.
Disinfectant:
They are applied to disinfect contaminated objects, utensil, clothes etc. 5. Jana glass:
It is a mixture of Zn and Ba borosilicate and is resistant to heat, shock
Example: Chlorine, Phenol (1%), H2O2, SO2 etc. etc.

Antipyretics: 6. Quartz glass:

They reduce body temperature in fevers. It is obtained from pure silica. It does not break even when plunged in
water while red hot.
Example: Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid), paracetamol
Metal Oxide Colour imported
Analgesic: Iron (III) Oxide Yellow
These compounds relieves pain .Most antipyretics are analgesic. Cobalt Oxide Blue
Chromium (III) Oxide, Cupric Oxide Green
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-43 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-44
Selenium Oxide Red Conc
Manganese Oxide Purple violet Reaction: CH3COOH+C2H5OH H SO CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
2 4
Nickel Oxide Black Ethyl acetate
Tin Oxide Milk white
 Itching of glass  glass dissolves in hydrofluoric acid (HF), so it is Detergents
known as itching of glass. Detergent is Sodium salt of long chain benzene sulphonic acid or
Sodium salt of along chain alkyl Hydrogen Sulphate.
Plastics
Plastics are synthetic polymers. They are better cleaning agent than soap & do not form insoluble scum
with hard water.
Thermoplastics:
These plastics soften on heating and can be set in desired shape Cement
repeatedly. Example: Polyethylenes, Polyvinyl Chloride, Polyestyrene. Chemically cement is a mixture of Calcium Aluminate and Calcium
Polyethelyne plastics are prepared form monomer ethylene (CH2 = Silicate. It is prepared by heating a mixture of limestone and special
CH2). Polyvinyl Chloride plastic are strong plastic prepared form type of clay (Al2O3SiO2) in ratio of 2:1 at a temperature of 1400oC to
monomer vinyl Chloride (CH2 = CHCl). 1600oC.

Polystyrene are polymer of styrene. It is hard but transparent glass like The molten and solid masses are mixed up and form small balls called
plastic. cement clinker. Clinker is mixed with Gypsum and grind to powder
form called portland cement. Gypsum is chemically CaSO4.2H2O and
Thermosetting plastic: is added to cement to regulate the setting of cement.
These plastic which once set at a temperature does not soften again.
Example: Bakelite The average composition of Portland cement is as follows:
Silica = 22%, Fe2O3 = 2.5%, MgO = 2.5%, CaO = 62%, SO3 = 1.5%,
Bakelite is polymer of Formaldehyde and Carbolic acid. Alumina (Al2O3) = 7.5%

Soap Less amount of lime lowers the strength of cement and the cement sets
Soap is Sodium salt of higher fatty acid with cleansing property. A very soon. If more lime is there, the cement cracks.
soap molecule has a large non-ionic hydrocarbon group and small ionic
group. Multiple Choice Questions:
246. Which of the following glass is used to make gems?
Example of soap are: Sodium Stearate (C17H35COONa), Sodium Oleate a) Hard glass b) Flint glass
(C17H33COONa), Sodium, Palmitate (C15H31COONa). c) Quartz glass d) Pyrex glass
247. Brown coloured glass is prepared by heating simple glass with:
When oil or fat is heated with Sodium Hydroxide, oil or fat molecule a) FeO b) NiO
breaks down to form sodium salt of long chain fatty acid which is soap. c) Cr2O3 d) MnO
The process of breaking oil or fat by alkali to form soap is called 248. Bakelite plastic is example of:
saponification. a) Thermoplastic b) Thermosetting
c) a and b d) None
Esterification: 249. The chemical formula of Pyrex glass is:
When Acetic acid is treated with ethylalcohol in presence of conc a) Aluminum silicate b) Aluminum boron silicate
H2SO4, we get ester and water. c) Boron silicate d) None
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-45 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-46
250. % of silica in ordinary glass: 264. Best fertilizer is:
a) 15% b) 25% a) (NH4)3 PO4 b) Ca3 (PO4)2
c) 50% d) None c) NH2CONH2 d) None
251. PVC is example of: 265. Tincture of Iodine is used as:
a) Natural polymer b) Synthetic polymer a) Analgesic b) Antiseptic
c) a and b d) None c) Both (a) and (b) d) None
252. Which of the following glass is soluble in water? 266. Monomer of Bakelite Plastic is:
a) Ordinary b) Hard glass a) Carbolic Acid + Acetaldehyde
c) Borosilicate glass d) Water glass b) Carbolic Acid + Formaldehyde
253. Molecular formula of soap is: c) Carbolic Acid + ethanol
a) C17H35COONa b) SiO2 d) None
c) AlCl3 d) C17H35COOLi 267. Zeolites are used as:
254. P.V.C is the example of: a) Gem b) Ion-exchanger
a) Thermoplastics b) Thermosetting plastics c) Pigment d) Lubricant
c) Both a and b d) Non of the above 268. Aspirin is a drug used as:
255. Other name of hard glass is: a) antipyretic b) analgesic
a) Pyrex glass b) Ordinary glass c) antiseptic d) both a and b
c) Potash lime glass d) Soft glass 269. BHC is an example of:
256. Which one is the natural polymer? a) Fertilizer b) Antiseptic
a) Bakellite b) Rubber c) Insecticides d) None
c) PVC d) None 270. Thickening of glass at the bottom after sometime is known as:
257. Monomer of bakelite plastic is: a) Annealing b) Super cooling
a) Phenol+Acetic Acid b) Phenol+Oxalic Acid c) Hardening d) None
c) Phenol +Formalin d) None 271. Substance which bring body temperature down is called:
258. General formula of Soap is: a) Antipyretics b) Analgesics
a) RCOO Na b) RCOO Mg c) Antibiotics d) None
c) RONa d) None 272. Molecular formula of urea fertilizer is:
259. Which one is the Natural Polymer? a) (NH4)2.SO4 b) NH4NO3
a) Rubber b) Starch c) (NH4)3.PO4 d) CO(NH2)2
c) Protein d) All of them 273. Which of the following is not a use for chlorine?
260. Rubber is obtained from: a) sterilizing water b) making domestic bleaches
a) Cell Sap b) Latex c) making table salt d) manufacturing plastics
c) Ethylene d) None 274. An NPK fertilizer is made by mixing together one mole of each
261. Rough glass is: of three compounds. Which mixture contains equal number of
a) transparent b) translucent atoms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium?
c) opaque d) all Mixture Components
262. Pyrex glass is: 1 2 3
a) Sodium Silicate b) Sodium silicate +Ni +Cu a) K2SO4 Ca3(PO4)2 KNO3
c) Borosilicate d) None b) NH4NO3 Na2HPO4 KNO3
263. PVC is ----- Plastic. c) (NH4)2CO3 K2H PO4 Na NO3
a) Thermosetting b) Thermoplastic d) (NH4)2 SO4 Ca3(PO4)2 K2SO4
c) Both a and b d) None
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-47 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-48
275. Which ions must be present in the fertilizer?  (NH2)2CO
NH4CNO 
a) NH4+ and NO3- b) NH4+ and Fe2+
c) Fe2+ and SO42- d) Fe3+ and NO3- Ammonium Cyanate Urea.
276. DDT is an example of:
a) Fertilizer b) Plastic Thus, it failed vital force theory.
c) Fibre d) Insecticide
277. Which of the following oxide imparts the green colour in the
glass? Reasons for separate study of organic and inorganic compounds
a) PbO b) Cr2O3 S.N. Organic Inorganic
c) Fe2O3 d) ZnO compounds compounds
278. Which natural resource is being depleted by the manufacture of 1. Number of The number of The number of
organic organic compounds inorganic compounds
plastics?
compounds are more than 3 are only 1 lakh.
a) air b) fossil fuels millions.
c) metal ores d) water 2. Composition They are composed They are composed of
279. In the given example, which one is detergent? of very few different elements.
a) Sodium stereate b) Alkylbenzene sulphonate elements like C, H, Eg. FeSO4.
c) DDT d) Urea O, N, S, halogen (NH4)2SO4.6H2O
280. Which of the following compound is separated by the vacuum and phosphorus. Eg. (Mohr's salt)
distillation method form the mixture? CH3COOH.
a) Ethanol b) Aniline 3. Nature of They are generally They are generally
c) Glycerol d) Diethyl ether bonds covalent. Eg ionic in nature. Eg.
(Methane) + 
Na + Cl (Sodium
Chloride)
5. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 4. Solubility They are generally They are soluble in
Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds excluding soluble in non-polar polar solvent and
Oxides, Carbonates, bicarbonates and Hydrogen Cyanides. The solvent (eg. CCl4, insoluble in non-polar
CS2, C6H6 etc) but solvent.
immediate question is why there is anything so distinctive about
insoluble in polar
Carbon that out of all the elements, it receives the special attention. The solvent (eg. Water).
answer lies in its extra-ordinary combining power. 5. Unique or They show unique They do not show
homogeneous character due to unique character.
character catenation (self
Vital force theory:
linkage of carbon
Vital force theory states that the organic compounds can only be atoms)
produced in plants and animals by some vital force supplied by living 6. Combustibility They are generally They are generally
cells. combustible in non-combustible.
nature. Eg.
Methane, Butane
In the year 1828, Wohler prepared organic compound Urea by heating 7. Melting and They have generally They have generally
Ammonium Cyanate, an inorganic compound. boiling point low m.p. and b.p. high m.p. and b.p.
because they have because they have
covalent bond. ionic bonds.
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-49 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-50
 8. Reactivity Generally they show They show fast 6. Melting and boiling points:
slow reaction due to reaction due to In case of organic compounds the melting and boiling points are
presence of covalent presence of ionic generally low and sometimes decompose on strong heating. On the
bond. bond. other hand, inorganic compounds have high melting and boiling points
9. Isomerism They generally They generally do not and can withstand high temperature.
show isomerism. show isomerism.
Sources of Organic Compounds
Distinction of Organic Compounds: The main natural sources or organic compounds are living bodies, i.e.
1. Number: plants and animals. Numerous organic compounds are also prepared
artificially in the laboratory. The important sources of organic
The number of organic compounds available these days is more than compounds are as follows:
three million and is ever increasing. It is much more than the combined 1. From Animals: Compounds like urea, proteins, fats, vitamins,
no. of compounds available from other element. enzymes, amino acid, etc are obtained from animals.
2. Close relation: 2. From Plants: Compounds like sugar, glucose, starch, cellulose,
There exists a close relationship amongst carbon compounds whereas proteins, fats, oils, drugs, enzymes, etc are obtained from plants.
3. Petroleum and coal tar: These organic compounds are obtained
no such close relationship exists among inorganic compounds.
by decaying of animals and plants under high pressure,
temperature in the absence of air in the inner part (inner core) of
3. Catenation:
earth like petroleum, coal tar and natural gas. From these
The very unique property of carbon, which justifies its separate study is
compounds, we can get kerosene, diesel, petrol, paraffin, wax,
catenation i.e its ability to form long chains or large rings. It gives rise
benzene, phenol, pyridine, etc.
to a very large number of compounds. No other elements show
4. By artificial synthetic methods: More than 90% of organic
catenation to the extent shown by Carbon.
compounds are prepared by synthetic method like fermentation
(slow biological degradation of carbohydrate in the presence of
C C C yeast plant, low temp), destructive distillation (distillation in the
absence of air), polymerization, etc.
C C C C C C C C Example: Alcohol, Acetone, Polythene, Bakelite plastic, etc.
C C C Importance (Utilities) of Organic Chemistry
Straight chain Branched chain Rings
Organic chemistry plays important role in our daily life because the
existence of living life is not possible without organic compounds. The
4. Linkage:
remarkable importance of organic chemistry in our daily life are as
Organic compounds are generally covalent in bonding, while inorganic
follows:
compounds are mostly electrovalent in nature. Thus organic
1. Food: Food is the most essential constituents of life, which is
compounds do not ionize and do not show properties associated with
composed of mainly carbohydrates, fats, proteins, organic
electrovalent compounds.
compounds, etc.
2. Clothes: Clothing is 2nd necessary for the human beings to
5. Solubility:
survive. Natural and synthetic fibres, used to manufacture clothes
Organic compound are generally insoluble in water but soluble in
are silk, wool, cotton, polyester, rayon, teryelene, etc are organic
organic solvents like ether, alcohol, benzene etc. whereas inorganic
polymers.
compounds are insoluble in organic solvents.
3. Shelter: Straws, bamboos, woods, etc.

INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-51 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-52

4. Medicines: Medicines are important factors to maintain normal Functional group:
health. Various organic chemicals such as antibiotics (to check the A functional group is an atom or a radical, which determines the
growth of micro-organisms) eg. Penicillin, choloromycetin, characteristics of a particular organic compound and homologous
tetracycline, sulpha drugs, erythromycin, etc. series.
Analgesics (pain killer): Aspirin, paracetamol, etc.
Anaesthetics (to become unconsciousness): ether, nitrous oxide, Homologous series Functional group Secondary suffix
chloroform, etc. Alcohols -OH - ol
Antipyretics (to decrease fever): paracetamol Aldehyde -CHO - al
Antiseptics (to check the growth of micro-organism used in low Ketones >C=O - one
concentration): dettol, savlon, etc. Carboxylic acids -COOH - oic acid
Disinfectant (used in high concentration): phenol, DDT, etc. Amides -CONH2 - amide
5. Insecticides and pesticides: Benzene hexachloride (BHC),
Dichloro diphenyl trichloroethane (DDT).
6. Industrial importance: Industrial like dyes, drugs, detergents,
ink, cosmetic products, plastic, etc. make people life more Functional group Prefix
comfortable. -CH3 Methyl
7. Explosives: Trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2, 4, 6- trinitro phenol (picric -CH3-CH2 Ethyl
acid), trinitro-glycerine, gun cotton, cordite, etc. are organic -NH2 Amino
compounds. -Cl Chloro
8. Petroleum products: All petroleum products like cooking gas, -Br Bromo
gasoline, diesel, kerosene oil, lubricating oil are also organic
compounds. Isomer:
Those molecules, which have same molecular formula but different
Homologous Series: structural formula and thus differing in properties are called isomers. In
A homologous series is defined as a series of similarly constituted fact, it is called structural isomer.
compounds in which the members have the functional and have similar
chemical properties. In such compounds the adjacent members differ in Type of Isomer:
their formulae by -CH2. (Methylene group) Chain Isomers:
Example: CH3OH Methyl alcohol They have same molecular formula but differ in length of Carbon
CH3CH2OH Ethyl alcohol chain. Example:
CH3CH2CH2OH Propyl alcohol CH3

Characteristics of homologous series: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3 and CH3  C  CH3
a) All members of a series possess the same functional group. 
b) All members of series can be assigned general formula. CH3
Example: CnH2n+1OH
c) All members of series show similar chemical properties, which are Position Isomers:
mostly characteristics of functional group. They have same molecular formula and chain but differ in positions of
d) All members can show a gradual change in their physical properties functional group.
such as melting point, specific gravity etc.

INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-53 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-54

 Cl For example:
 CH2OH
Example: CH3CH2CH2-CH2Cl and CH3  C  CH3 
 CHOH glycerol
CH3 
CH2OH
Functional Isomer:
Functional isomers have same molecular formula but differ in Ether:
functional group. Its functional group is -O-. Its general formula is R-O-R (Simple ether)
Example: C2H6O or R-O-R’ (Mixed ether).
CH3OCH3 CH3CH2OH For example:
Dimethyl ether Ethyl alcohol CH3 -O- CH3 = Dimethyl ether
C2H5 -O- C2H5 = Diethyl ether (Ether)
HydroCarbon: C2H5 -O- CH3 = Ethyl methyl ether
1. Alkane or saturated hydrocarbon or paraffins. Its general
formula is CnH2n+2. Eg. Methane (CH4), Ethane (C2H6) etc. Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
2. Alkene or olefins (Unsaturated Carbon): Its general formula is The systematic process of assigning accurate name to a particular
CnH22n (+ene). Eg. H2C = CH2 ethene (ethylene gas) organic compound on the basis of scientific rules is known as
3. Alkyne (Unsaturated hydroCarbon): Its general formula is CnH2n nomenclature (naming of organic compound).
– 2 (+yne) Eg. CH ≡ CH ethyne (acetylene gas).

Alkyl group: There are two types of nomenclature systems. They are:
If one Hydrogen is less than alkane is known as alkyl group. Its general a) Trivial (traditional) or common system of nomenclature
formula is CnH2n + 1 (+yl). It is denoted by R. In the early stages of development of organic compound, there was no
For example: -CH3 (Methyl), - C2H5 (Ethyl) any systematic scientific method of naming of organic compounds. The
organic compounds were named by knowing the sources from which
Alcohol: they were obtained.
Its functional group is –OH. Its general formula is CnH2n + 1.OH
(ROH). For example: CH3OH. For example: Methane (CH4) was named as marsh gas because it was
produced in marshy (damp) places. Formic acid (HCOOH) was named
1. Monohydric alcohol: If alcohol contains one –OH group is known because it was first prepared by distillation of red ants (Latin:
as monohydric alcohol. For example: CH3OH (Methyl alcohol), formicus), similarly the name acetic acid (CH3COOH) was derived
C2H5OH (Ethyl alcohol) etc. from acetum (Latin: acetum means vinegar). Hence naming of organic
compounds without any systematic rules and structural values is called
2. Dihydric alcohol: If alcohol contains two –OH group is known as trivial or common system of nomenclature.
dihydric alcohol. For example: CH2OH CH2OH ethylene glycol
b) IUPAC System of nomenclature:
3. Trihydric alcohol: If alcohol contains three –OH group is known as In order to rationalize the system of nomenclature, an International
trihydric alcohol. Congress of Chemists (ICC) was held at Genera in 1892 and a
systematic method known as Geneva system was developed. The
Genera system was further revised from time to time for betterment of
naming system and it was extended to international union of chemistry
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-55 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-56
(IUC) in 1930. The continuation of effort of various chemists for better a) an organic compound b) a covalent compound
understanding of nomenclature led to the development of an ideal c) an ionic compound d) an element.
worldwide system of nomenclature which is known as International 288. Which of the follwing elements does not show the allotropy?
Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) system. a) C b) S8
c) P4 d) I2
289. Diamond is example of:
Multiple Choice Questions: a) Sedimentary b) Igneous
281. The reaction condition leading to best yielding of C2H5Cl is: c) Metamorphic d) None
uv light 290. Example of good conductor is:
a) C2H6(excess) + Cl2  a) Diamond b) Coal
dark room c) Graphite d) None
b) C2H6 + Cl2  291. What is CH4O?
temp a) Alkene b) Alkane
uv light c) Alcohol d) Carbohydrate
c) C2H6 + Cl2(excess)  292. General formula of cycloalkane is:
uv light a) CnH2n+2 b) CnH2n
d) C2H6 +Cl2  c) CnH2n+1 d) CnH2n-2
282. Different forms of same element, which have similar chemical 293. The general formula of diene is:
properties but different physical properties are known as: a) CnH2n+2 b) CnH2n
a) Isomerism b) Allotropy c) CnH2n-2 d) CnH2n+1
c) Polymorphism d) both b and c 294. Which of the following is not organic compound?
283. The isomer of ethanol is: a) CO2 b) CH4
a) Methanol b) Ethanol c) CCl4 d) CH3CHO
c) Dimethyl ether d) None 295. Formalin is used as:
284. The basis of C-14 dating method is that: a) Insecticides b) pesticide
a) Carbon-14 fraction is the same in all objects c) Antiseptic d) None
b) C-14 is highly unstable and is readily lost from object 296. B.H.C is used as:
c) the ratio of Carbon-14 to carbon-12 in our atmosphere has a) antiseptic b) disinfectant
always been constant. c) insecticide d) None
d) Living tissue will not absorb Carbon-14 but will absorb C-12 297. Protein is the example:
from source of carbon a) Natural polymer b) Artificial
285. Which statement about the graphite is not true? c) Man made d) none
a) it burns to form carbon dioxide. 298. Which of the following compound is not organic compound?
b) it is a carbon compound. a) CO2 b) CO
c) it is a macromolecule. c) CH4 d) Both a and b
d) it is used as lubricant. 300. What happens when sodium acetate is treated with sodium
286. In which substance is each carbon atom covalently bonded to hydroxide in presence of calciumoxide?
only three other atoms? a) Ethane gas is formed
a) carbon dioxide b) diamond b) Propane gas is formed
c) graphite d) methane c) Methane gas is formed
287. Diamond is the hardest substance in which each carbon atom is d) All of the above
bonded with four other carbon atoms. Diamond is:
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-57 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-58
301. What is general formula of alkane? 315. Which of the following bond are found in alcohol?
a) CnH2n b) CnH2n –2 a) Electrovalent bond b) Covalent bond
c) CnH2n +1 d) CnH2n +2 c) Hydrogen bond d) b and c
302. Which of the following compound is used as anaesthesia? 316. What is the M.F. of dimethyl ether?
a) CCl4 b) CHCl3 a) C2H5OC2H5 b) CH3OC2H5
c) CH3Cl d) CH2Cl2 c) CH3OCH3 d) None of the above
303. Which of the following gas in biogas? 317. What is the boiling point of ether?
a) C2H6 b) CH4 a) 38oC b) 35oC
o
c) CO2 d) CO c) 37 C d) 36oC
304. What is the general formula of alkyl group? 318. Carbolic acid and formalin is reacted to each other, we get:
a) CnH2n+1 b) CnH2n+2 a) Polyethylene b) Polyvinyl chloride
c) CnH2n d) CnH2n-2 c) Bakelite plastic d) None of the above
305. What is the M.F. of acetylene? 319. Vital force theory was given by:
a) C2H4 b) C2H2 a) Dalton b) Lavoiser
c) C2H6 d) None of above c) Berzelius d) None
306. What is the M.F of ethanol? 320. Formation of soap and glycerol from fats in presence of alkali is
a) CH3OH b) C2H5OH due to:
c) C3H7OH d) C4H9OH a) Neutralisation b) Saponification
307. Which of the following compound is called glycol? c) Esterification d) None
a) CH2OHCH2OH b) CH2OHCHOHCH2OH 321. Structural formula of Glycerol is:
c) C2H5OH d) C4H9OH a) b)
308. What is the boiling point of alcohol? CH2OH CH2OH
a) 78.6oC b) 99oC
o
c) 80 C d) 81oC CHOH C(OH)
309. Which of the following compound is soluble in water?
a) Ethane b) Propane CH2OH CH3OH
c) Alcohol d) Ether
310. What is the functional group of ether? c) CH2OH d) None
a) -OH b) -O-
c) -NH2 d) -CO CH2OH
311. Which of the following compound is used in thermometer?
a) Ether b) Alcohol CH3OH
c) Potassium chloride d) Sodium hydroxide 322. For a particular organic compound, which of the following pairs
312. Which of the following compound is unsaturated compound? can represent the empirical and the molecular formula,
a) CH4 b) C2H6 receptively?
c) C3H8 d) C2H4 a) CH and CH4 b) CH and C6H6
313. Which of the following compound is iodoform? c) CH2 and C2H2 d) CH2 and C2H3
a) CHI3 b) CHBr3 323. IUPAC name of Acetylene gas is:
c) C3H8 d) C2H4 a) Ethane b) Ethene
314. What is the general formula of alkyne? c) Ethyne d) None
a) CnH2n-2 b) CnH2n+2
c) CnH2n d) CnH2n+1
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-59 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-60
324. Functional group of aldehyde is: 335. The property of carbon to form long chain is called:
a) -CO- b) -CHO a) catenation b) complex character
c) -COOH d) None c) isomerism d) vital force theory
325. Molecular formula of ether is: 336. Which of the following processes does not result in the
a) C2H5-O-C2H5 b) CH3COCH3 formation of both carbon dioxide and water?
c) CH3CHO d) None a) addition of a dilute acid to a carbonate
326. First organic compound is synthesized by: b) burning ethanol
a) F. Wohler b) Lavosier c) burning methane
c) Rutherford d) None d) heating crystals of anhydrous sodium carbonate
327. Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain:
337. C4H6 is example of:
a) carbon-carbon single bond b) c-c double bond
a) Alkane b) Alkene
c) c-c triple bond d) both b and c
328. An organic compound has percentage by wt of C & H is 6:1 and
c) Alkyne d) Alkyl
that of C & O is 3:4. The compound is: 338. Wine i.e alcoholic beverage is:
a) HCHO b) CH3OH a) CH3OH b) C6H6
c) CH3CH2OH d) None c) C2H5OH d) C3H7OH
329. Formalin is used as: 339. When sodium acetate is heated with soda lime, we get:
a) Disinfectant reagent a) C2H6 b) C2H4
b) Preservation of biological specimens c) C2H2 d) CH4
c) Both a and b 340. Formation of ethyl acetate fro acetic acid and ethyl alcohol in
d) None presence:
330. Which of the following statement is not true for ethyne gas? a) Etherification b) Saponification
a) It is an unsaturated hydrocarben c) Esterification d) None
b) It is the monomer of benzene 341. Functional group of aldehyde is:
c) It satisfies the formula Cn H2n -2 O O
d) Benzene is natural polymer || ||
331. An organic compound has been found to possess the empirical a) – C – b) – C – H
formula CH2O and molecular weight 90. Give its molecular formula c) – COOH d) None
(C = 12, H = 1, O = 16) 342. When aq. ethanoic acid was added to ethanol, a sweet smelling
a) CH3COOH b) HCOOH liquid was produced. What type of reaction occurred?
c) C6H12O6 d) C3H6O3 a) esterification b) hydrolysis
332. An organic compound on analysis was found to contain 10.06% c) oxidation d) reduction
carbon, 0.84% hydrogen and 89.1% chlorine. Calculate its empirical 343. If the empirical formula of the given compound is CH2O and its
formula. molecular weight is 180 a.m.u., find the molecular formula of the
a) CHCl2 b) CH2Cl2 given compound.
c) CH2Cl3 d) CHCl3 a) CH3COOH b) C3H6O3
333. The liquefied petroleum gas mainly contains: c) C6H12O6 d) None
a) methane + ethane b) ethane + propane 344. Methane is used as a fuel. What property is essential for this use?
c) butane + isobutene d) methane + propane a) it is odourless b) it burns exothermically
334. Formation of Vanaspati Ghee from soyabean oil with hydrogen in c) it is a gas d) it has a low boiling point
presence of heated nickel catalyst is known as:
345. The soap with the formula C17H35COONa is:
a) Esterification b) Hydrogenation
a) acid b) an alcohol
c) Hardening of oil d) Both b and c
c) an ester d) a salt

INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-61 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-62

346. Which of the following statements is not true for ethylene? 356. The gas which is neither supporter of combustion nor
a) It is an unsaturated hydrocarbon combustible in nature is:
b) It is the monomer of polythene. a) N2 b) O2
c) The polymer obtained from ethylene is a type of c) H2 d) None
thermosetting plastics. 357. The gas which is collected in gas jar by down ward displacement
d) It satisfies the formula CnH2n. of water is known as:
347. Which statement about ether is not correct? a) CO2 b) N2
a) It is soluble in alcohol and slightly soluble in water c) CO d) Both b and c
b) It has a sweet smell 358. The gas which is collected in gas jar by upward displacement of
c) It is prepared by heating alcohol with dilute sulphuric acid. air is:
d) It burns in oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water. a) NH3 b) CO2
348. IUPAC name of C4H6 is butyne. Which of the following c) CO d) None
statements is true about butyne? 359. When sodium metal is treated with water, we get a gas, which is
a) It is saturated hydrocarbon. adsorbed by palladium metal is:
b) It is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with a double bond between a) O2 b) CO2
carbon atoms c) H2 d) None
c) It is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with a triple bond between 360. Which of the following gas is evolved when coper is treated with
two carbon atoms. conc. Sulphuric acid?
d) It is a saturated hydrocarbon with double bond between two a) H2S b) SO2
carbon atoms. c) O2 d) N2
349. The least no. of carbon atom in alkane forming isomers is: 361. MnO2 is used in the preparation of oxygen gas as:
a) 3 b) 4 a) +ve catalyst b) –ve catalyst
c) 5 d) 6 c) Autocatalyst d) None
350. When granulated Zinc is treated with dil-sulphuric acid, we get: 362. When limestone is treated with dil-hydrochloric Acid, we get:
a) H2 b) O2 a) CO b) Cl2
c) O3 d) None c) CO2. d) None
351. When sulphur dioxide reacts with base, what is formed? 363. The ratio of Nitrogen and Hydrogen in Ammonia by volume is:
a) Sulphite b) Sulphate a) 1:14 b) 3:1
c) Sulphur d) Sulphide c) 1:3 d) None
352. If sodium nitrite is heated with ammonium chloride, we get gas like: 364. When mixture of slaked lime and Salammoniac is heated, we get
a) NH3 b) N2 gas like:
c) O2 d) None a) N2 b) NH3
353. If slaked lime is heated with salammoniac, we get gas: c) N2O d) None
a) NH3 b) N2 365. The gas which is obtained by heating ammonium nitrate is:
c) O2 d) None a) N2 b) NO
354. If sodium perioxide is reacted with water, we get a gas: c) NO2 d) None
a) H2 b) O2 366. Which of the following oxide dissolves in water to form an
c) CO2 d) None acidic solution?
355. When potassium nitrate is heated, we get a gas, which is a) Na2O b) SO3
absorbed by alkaline pyrogallate solution is: c) Al2O3 d) ZnO
a) H2 b) NH3
c) O2 d) None
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-63 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-64
367. Slaked lime is heated with Salammoniac, we get: 379. Air contains about 21% oxygen by volume. When a sample of
a) N2 b) NH3 river water was boiled, the air expelled from the water was found
c) N2 & NH3 d) None to contain 30% oxygen.
368. The gas obtained by heating the marble which turns the wet blue a) carbon dioxide is more soluble in water than is oxygen
litmus paper red is: b) Nitrogen reacts with water.
a) NH3 b) N2 c) Oxygen is more soluble in water than in nitrogen.
c) H2 d) CO2 d) The noble gases are insoluble in water.
369. A gas Y burns in air and adsorbed by palladium metal is: 380. A gas, X, is less dense than air and insoluble in water.
a) Nitrogen b) Oxygen Which method cannot be used to collect the gas?
c) Hydrogen d) None a) b)
370. The gas which is obtained by heating potassium nitrate, is
absorbed by alkaline pyrogallate solution is:
a) N2 b) O2
c) NH3 d) NO2
371. When the ammonium nitrite is heated, we get:
a) O2 b) N2
c) NH3 d) None
372. Commercially Hydrogen is obtained from:
a) coal gas b) oil gas c) d)
c) marsh gas d) producer gas
373. When Carbon-dioxide gas is passed through lime water up to
saturation, we get colourless compound due to formation of:
a) Ca(OH)2 b) CaCO3
c) Ca(HCO3)2 d) None
374. Molecular weight of heavy water is:
a) 16 b) 18
c) 20 d) None 381. Which of the following methods would not produce ammonia?
375. When ammonuium nitrite is heated, we get: a) heating concentrated aqueous ammonia
a) N2+H2O b) N2O+H2O b) heating ammonium chloride with calcium hydroxide
c) NO+H2O d) None c) heating ammonium sulphate with sodium hydroxide
376. Hydrogen is absorbed by Pt, Pd, N. The process of absorbtion of d) heating ammonium sulphate with dilute hydrochloric acid
hydrogen is called: 382. Methane, sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide are gases which
a) emulsion b) occlusion affect the atmosphere and the environment. In what way do these
c) effusion d) diazotization gases affect the environment?
377. Oxygen is used to purify water because: Methane Sulphur Carbon dioxide
a) oxygen is paramagnetic b) absorbs harmful uv-radiation dioxide
c) destroys virus and bacteria d) oxygen is reducing agent a) Depletion of Acid rain Global warming
378. When the mixture of sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride is ozone layer
heated, we get gas: b) Global warming Photochemical Acid rain
smog
a) H2 b) O2
c) Photochemical Global warming Depletion of
c) N2 d) NH3
smog ozone layer
d) Global warming Acid rain Global warming
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-65 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-66
383. Nitrogen is prepared by heating: 391. When, 20 gram of saturated solution is cooled from 60oC to
a) Ammonium nitrat 45oC, find the salt deposited. If the solubility of given salt
b) Ammonium nitrite at 60oC and 45oC are 45 and 40 respectively.
c) Mixture of ammonium chloride and sodium nitrate a) 3 gram b) 4 gram
d) Conc. HNO3 c) 1 gram d) 0.68 gram
384. When a burning piece of magnesium is introduced in a jar 392. 20 gram of a solution saturated with a salt at 80°C is cooled to
containing carbon dioxide, the product formed are: 30oC. How much of the salt will crystalise out of the solution, if
a) magnesium carbonate and water its solubility at 80°C and 30°C are 100 and 25 respectively?
b) magnesium oxide and carbon a) 15 gram b) 9 gram
c) magnesium carbonate and carbon c) 6 gram d) 7.5 gram
d) magnesium carbonate only 393. If the solubility of given compound at 30°C is 25. Find the
385. Following diagrams represent two stages of an experiment. weight of solute required to make 60 gram of saturated solution
at 30°C.
a) 24 gram b) 12 gram
Final stage
c) 36 gram d) None
394. How many grams of NaOH are needed to make 100 gram of a
5% solution?
Initial stages of the experiment a) 0.5 b) 5
c) 20 d) None
Which of the following gases is likely to be filled inside the gas jar? 395. How much sodium iodide will saturate 60 grams of water at
a) Oxygen b) Hydrogen 20°C, if its solubility be 178.
c) Nitrogen d) Ammonia a) 100 b) 96
386. A gas Y does not burn in air and has no effect on moist indicator c) 106.8 d) 206
paper. What could be Y? 396. If the solubility of given compound at 30oc is 40. Find the weight
a) Ammonia b) Carbon dioxide of solvent when 80 gram its saturated solution is heated at 30oC.
c) Hydrogen d) Nitrogen a) 9.300 gram b) 22.8 gram
387. A gas X does not burn in air and has no effect on moist litmus c) 500 gram d) 600 gram
paper. What could be X? 397. The solubility of salt in wager is 40 at 25ºC. The amount of
a) ammonia b) carbon dioxide water required to dissolve 120g at the same temperature is:
c) hydrogen d) nitrogen a) 3 kg b) 300g
388. Electrolysis of a dilute sodium chloride solution results in the c) 400g d) 30g
cathode product is
a) Sodium b) Hydrogen
c) Chlorine d) Oxygen
389. The gas which turns blue litmus paper to red litmus paper is:
a) CO b) NH3
c) CO2 d) None
390. What moles of oxygen is required to react completely with 1.5
moles of methane?
CH4 + 202  CO2 + 2H2O
a) 80 gram b) 96 gram
c) 100 gram d) 76 gram
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-67 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-68
 6. ATOMIC WEIGHTS It is the unit of quantity of substance. A collection of 6.02 × 10 23
The atomic weight of an element may be defined as a number which particles is called mole.
indicates how many times heavier is an average atom of that elemtnt as 1 mole of an atom means 1 GAW of it.
1 1 mole of compound means 1 GMW of it.
compared to 12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12 (C12) Thus,
At. Wt. of an element = Error! 1 mole of Na weighs 23 g.
It is a simple ratio and has no units but expressed as amu. 1 mole of H2O weighs 18 g.
1 Thus,
1 amu = × mass of C12 atom. 1 mole = 1 g molecule
12
The mass of one atom of C12 has been determined to be 1.9924 × 10-23 = 1 g molecular wt.
gm. = Mol wt. in g
1.9924 × 10-2 = 22.4 litres at NTP
 1 amu = 12 g = 1.66 × 10-24gm = 6.023 × 1023 molecules
So 1.66 × 10-24gm is referred to as gram equivalent of amu. = 1g atomic wt.
= At. Wt. in g
 The lighest know atom is that of hydrogen and the heaviest
= 6.023 ×1023 atoms
naturally occurring atom is of Uranium-238.
 Atomic weights of many elements are not whole number due to
Wt. of substance in gm No. of unitary particles
presence of stable isotopes. For example naturally Chlorine is Number of moles = =
g mol wt. Avogadro's No
mixture of 2 isotopes is Cl-35 (75% abundance) and Cl-37 (25%
Volume in litres in NTP
abundance). =
75 ×35 + 25 × 37 22.4 litres
Thus atomic wt. of chlorine is 100 = 35.5 amu. Gram molar volume:
Volume occupied by one mole of any gas at STP is called gram molar
 Thus actual at. Wt. of element depends upon mass no of isotopes
volume. The volume of gram molar volume is 22.4 litres.
and relative abundances of these isotopes.
Average wt. of one atom = At. Wt × 1.66 × 10-24g.
Thus, volume of 1 mole of H2 or 2g of H2 at STP = 22.4 lit.
 Wt. of element (in grams) which is equal to its atomic wt. is called 1
gram atomic wt. (GAW) of that element. Volume of 16g ( mole) of O2 = 11.2 lit.
2
Thus,
1 GAW of Na = 23g of Na
Multiple Choice Questions:
1 GAW of every element contains 6.023 × 1023 atoms of that
398. What mass of CaCO3 is needed to produce 11.2 liters of CO2
element.
when the calcium carbonate is reacted with an excess amount of
hydrochloric acid? (Molar mass of CaCO3 = 100 grams, HCl =
Avogodro Number (N)
36.5 grams, CO2 = 44 grams)
The number of carbon atoms present in one gram atom of C-12 isotope
a) 25g b) 44g
is called Avogadro's number. One gram atom (12 grams) of C-12
c) 50g d) 100g
contains 6.023 × 1023 atoms.
399. How many grams of CO2 can be prepared from 150 gram of
calcium carbonate reacting with an excess of hydrochloric acid
Thus numerical value of Avogadro's number (N) is 6.023 × 1023 per
solution?
mol.
a) 66 b) 22
The mole concept
c) 33 d) None

INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-69 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-70

400. If the solubility of compound is 25 at 30oC, find the salt a) 150kg b) 840kg
deposited from 50 gram of its saturated solution at 30oC is: c) 1000kg d) 1500kg
a) 100 b) 10 410. Calculate the total no. of electrons present in 1.6 gm of methane
c) 15 d) 150 if gram mol. weight of methane = 16g.
401. What will be the number of moles of oxygen in one litre of air a) 6.023 × 1023 b) 6.023 × 10-23
21
containing 21% of oxygen by volume under the standard c) 6.023 ×10 d) 6.023 × 1020
condition? 411. The relative abundance of two isotopes of At. Wt 85 and 87 is
a) 2100/22400 b) 210/224 75% and 25% respectively. The average atomic weight of
c) 21/224 d) 21/2240 element is:
402. How many gram of oxygen is present in 36gram of water? a) 75.5 b) 85.5
a) 16gram b) 32gram c) 87.5 d) 86
c) 8gram d) None 412. The percentage of nitrogen in urea is:
403. Aqueous barium chloride reacts with aqueous sodium sulphate as a) 46% b) 23 %
shown by the equation: c) 28% d) 18%
BaCl2 + Na2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl 413. An 8g sample of oxygen contains the same number of atoms as
When 0.20 moles of barium chloride was added to 0.40 moles 16 g of element X. What is the relative atomic mass of X?
sodium sulphate the number of moles of barium sulphate a) 4 b) 8
produced was c) 16 d) 32
a) 0.20 b) 0.40 414. The relative molecular mass, M, of copper(II ) sulphate, CuSO4,
c) 0.60 d) 0.80 is 160. The relative molecular mass, M, of water is 18. What is
404. % of carbon atom in lime stone is: the percentage by mass of water in copper(II ) sulphate crystals,
a) 24% b) 12% CuSO4.5H2O?
c) 36% d) None 18×100 5×18×100
405. 22 gram of carbon dioxide gas at NTP contains ----- molecules. a) b)
160 160 + 18
a) 6.023×1023 b) 6.023×10-23 18×100 5×18×100
1 c) d)
160 + 18 160 + (5×18)
c) × 6.023×1023 d) None
2 415. In the following reaction, how many liters of SO2 will result
406. How many moles of electrons are needed to electroplate a from the complete burning of pure sulphur in 8 liters of oxygen?
deposit of 0.5 mole of silver from a silver nitrate solution? S + O2 → SO2.
a) 0.5 b) 1 a) 1 b) 4
c) 27 d) 54 c) 8 d) 16
407. How many grams of H2SO4 are in 1,000 grams of a 10% 416. What mass, in grams, of KOH is needed to neutralize 20 grams
solution? (1 mole of H2SO4 = 98g) of sulphuric acid?
a) 1.0 b) 9.8 a) 22.8 b) 45.6
c) 10 d) 100 c) 68 d) 110
408. How many moles of CaO are needed to react with an excess of 417. % of oxygen in calcium oxide is:
water to form 370 gram of calcium hydroxide? a) 28.4 b) 56.8
a) 1 b) 5 c) 60 d) None
c) 3 d) 4 418. The ratio of Nitrogen and Hydrogen in Ammonia by mass is:
409. Limestone decomposes when headed as shown in the equation: a) 3:14 b) 14:3
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 c) 1:3 d) None
What mass of limestone is needed to produce 84kg of calcium oxide?

INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-71 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-72

419. Water containing a little dilute sulphuric acid was electrolysed, Sub-groups: Each of the groups from I to VII is sub-group A and B.
using carbon electrodes. If 20 cm3 of oxygen were produced, The elements of sub-group A are placed is the left and those of sub-
what was the volume of hydrogen produced? group B to the right in the vertical column. Thus, the elements Li, Na,
a) 10cm3 b) 20 cm3 K, Rb, Cs, and Fr constitute the A sub-group and the elements Cu, Ag,
3
c) 30 cm d) 40 cm3 and Au constitute the B sub-group of group I.
420. Which of the following correctly completes this nuclear reaction:
14 4 1 Group VIII: The group VIII consists of three columns containing three
N + He  ......... + 1H? sets of elements, each of which is a transitional element. Fe, Co, Ni are
7 2
17 16 the first set of three elements. Group VIII does not have any sub group
a) O b) O but constitutes three columns in the periodic table.
8 9
17 17
c) N d) N Group 0: The group 0 consists of inert or noble gases. These noble
8 7
gases are inert and inactive. Group 0 does not have any sub-group. In
the original Mendeleev’s Periodic table, group 0 does not exist because
at that time, inert gases were not discovered, and Mendeleev had also
not predicted the existence of these inert gases.
7. PERIODIC TABLE
Mendeleev’s Periodic Table Use of the Periodic Table
The most notable contribution to the classification of elements was 1. Study of Chemistry of Elements:
made by Dmitri Mendeleev, the Russian chemist, in 1869. He was not The periodic table has greatly simplified the study of properties of
aware of the work of the Lother Meyer’s atomic volume curve. On the elements and their compounds by making whole study more
basis of chemical properties of elements he put forward the periodic systematic. In a periodic table, similar elements are kept together in
law which is now known as Mendeleev’s Periodic Law. This law states a group. Hence, by studying the chemistry of one of the element the
that: The chemical and physical properties of elements are periodic properties of the other elements of the same group can be predicted
functions of their atomic weights. to a certain extent. In a given period, there is a gradual and
systematic variation of properties from one element to another.
Main features of Mendeleev’s Periodic table Thus, by knowing the position of the element in the periodic table,
The modified form of Mendeleev’s Periodic table consists of seven its properties can be predicted looking at the properties of its
horizontal rows and nine vertical columns. The horizontal rows are neighboring elements and the general trend of variation of
called periods and the vertical columns are called groups. properties.
 Short periods: The horizontal rows, which are called periods are
numbered as 1,2,3,4 so on. There are altogether seven periods. The 2. Prediction of Undiscovered Elements:
first period contains 2 elements and second and third periods each Mendeleev while arranging the elements in order of increasing
contain 8 elements. atomic weight had left gaps in his periodic table to maintain the
 Long periods: Fourth, fifth and sixth periods are long periods. symmetry of the periodic table. He put these gaps for the
Fourth and fifth periods contain 18 elements each. The sixth period undiscovered elements and on the basis of his periodic law.
contains 32 elements. The seventh period is a long but incomplete Mendeleev predicted the physical and chemical properties of these
period. Theoretically it can contain 32 elements but at present it undiscovered elements along with their position in the periodic
contains 19 elements. table. In fact, all the elements predicated by Mendeleev were
discovered in the lifetime of Mendeleev. The three elements
Groups: The vertical columns are called group. There are nine groups. discovered are Scandium (21), Gallium (31) and Germanium (32)
The groups are numbered as Group I to VII and Group 0. and were named by Mendeleev as Eka-boron, Eka-aluminum and
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-73 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-74
 Eka-silicon. Even today, periodic table guides for the synthesis of elements are separated but dissimilar elements are placed together.
newer elements above element no.105. For example, Au and Pt, Cu and Hg, Ag and Tl are very much
similar but they are placed in different groups. On the other hand,
3. Correction of Faulty Atomic Weight: Cu, Ag and Au are placed along with alkali metals in group I, they
While constructing periodic table, Mendeleev noticed that the are dissimilar to one another in many respects.
atomic weights of some elements appeared to be doubtful. For
instance Beryllium was assigned the atomic weight as 13.5 on the Modern Periodic Law
basis of its equivalent weight (4.5) and valency (3). With this
atomic weight Beryllium should be placed between Carbon (atomic The properties of the elements are periodic function of their atomic
weight 12) and Nitrogen (atomic weight 14). But the properties of number.
Beryllium did not justify such a position. Therefore, Mendeleev The atomic number is equal to the nuclear charge or number of protons
predicted that Beryllium should have valency of 2 and atomic or number of electrons in an atom. When the elements are arranged in
weight 9, and placed Beryllium between Li and B. The atomic order to increasing atomic number the elements having similar
weights of Indium and Platinum were also corrected in similar electronic configuration appears after certain intervals. Hence elements
manner. with similar properties recur periodically when the elements are
arranged in order of increasing atomic numbers. On the basis of
Atomic weight is related to the equivalent weight as, modern periodic law, various kinds of periodic tables have been
Atomic weight = Equivalent weight x Valency. constructed but, among them the long form or extended form of
periodic table is the most widely used. In this periodic table, many of
Anomalies of Mendeleev’s Periodic Table the anomalies found in Mendeleev’s periodic table automatically
1. Position of Hydrogen: Hydrogen is placed in group IA along with disappear or are explained satisfactorily.
alkali metals. In fact, Hydrogen resembles with halogens (group
VIIA) in many respects but still it is placed in group IA without Types of Elements
any explanation. Thus, the position of Hydrogen is anomalous. a) s-Block elements b) p-Block elements
2. Position of Isotopes: On the basis of atomic weight, isotopes of the c) d-Block elements d) f-Block elements
same element should have separate position in the periodic table.
But separate positions for isotopes are not given in the periodic Ionization Energy
table. The amount of energy required to remove the most loosely bound
3. Position of Lanthanides and Actinides: The fourteen elements electron from an isolated atom in an element in a gaseous state is called
after Lanthanum (known as lanthanides) and the fourteen elements its Ionization Energy.
after Actinium (known as actinides) have not been given separate For example: Na – e  Na+ 1st I.E.
and proper place in the Mendeleev’s periodic table; rather they Na+ - e-  Na++ 2nd I.E.
have been placed in two horizontal rows at the bottom of the  Variation along a period
periodic table.  Variation along the group
4. Anomalous Pairs: Certain elements having higher atomic weights
have been placed before those having lower atomic weights. The Electron Affinity
following are such anomalous pairs. Electron affinity is the amount of energy release when an electron is
Ar 39.9 K 39.1 added to an isolated gaseous atom. For example:
Co 58.9 Ni 58.7 A + e-  A- 1st E.A.
Te 127.6 I 127.0 A- + e-  A-- 2nd E.A.
5. Similar elements are separated and dissimilar elements are
kept together: In Mendeleev’s periodic table certain similar
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-75 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-76
Electronegativity 14 Silicon 1s22s22p63s23p2
Electronegativity is the power of an atom in a molecule to attract 15 Phosphorus 1s22s22p63s23p3
electron towards itself. For example: H : Cl  Hδ+ + Clδ- 16 Sulphur 1s22s22p63s23p4
2.1 3.0
17 Chlorine 1s22s22p63s23p5
Electronegative value of some important elements: 18 Argon 1s22s22p63s23p6
H CN O F Cl Br I S Elements 19 Potassium 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
2.1 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 3.0 2.8 2.4 2.5 Electronegative 20 Calcium 1s22s22p63s23p64s2
value 21 Scandium 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1
22 Titanium 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d2
Aufbau Principle
The atomic orbitals are filled up in the ground state in order of 23 Vanadium 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d3
increasing energy levels. 24 Chromium 1s22s22p63s23p64s15d5 or 4s23d4
25 Manganese 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5
4f 26 Iron 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
27 Cobalt 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d7
3d 4d 5d 28 Nickel 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8
29 Copper 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d9 or 4s13d10
2p 3p 4p 5p 6p
30 Zinc 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10
1s 2s 3s 4s 5s 6s 7s
Filling of sub shell: 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 4s2, 3d10
Fig. 6.4 Sequence of filling of atomic orbital. If we look at the above electronic configuration, we will find that there
are two irregularities in the general sequence. The electronic
Electronic Configuration (From 1H to 30Zn) configuration of chromium (At. No = 24) and copper (At. No = 29) are
At. Number Element Element Configuration different than normal configuration.
1 Hydrogen 1s1
2 Helium 1s2 The expected electronic configuration of chromium and copper are:
Cr (At. No = 24) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d4 expected
3 Lithium 1s22s1
Cu (At. No. = 29) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d9
4 Beryllium 1s22s2
5 Boron 1s22s22p1 The actual electronic configuration are:
6 Carbon 1s22s22p2 Cr (At. No = 24) 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d5
7 Nitrogen 1s22s22p3 Cu (At. No. = 29) 1s22s22p63s23p64s13d10
8 Oxygen 1s22s22p4
In case of Cr the d sub shell is half filled and in case of Cu the d sub
9 Fluorine 1s22s22p5 shell is completely filled.
10 Neon 1s22s22p6
11 Sodium 1s22s22p63s1 The reason for the extra stability of half filled and completely filled
12 Magnesium 1s22s22p63s2 orbital is as follows:
13 Aluminum 1s22s22p63s23p1

INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-77 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-78

Half filled and fully filled orbital are more symmetrical than any other Multiple Choice Questions:
arrangement. Due to symmetrical nature they are associated with lower 421. Atoms of the same element, which have same atomic number but
energy hence, they are more stable. different atomic mass are known as:
a) isobars b) isotones
Some facts about elements: c) isotopes d) None
Most abundant metal: Al followed by Fe 422. Maximum number of electron in one orbital is:
Most abundant element in earth crust: O>Si>Al a) 4 b) 10
Most abundant element in universe: Hydrogen c) 2 d) 14
Element stored in water: Phosphorus 423. Isotopes of element are due to variation in the number of:
Element stored in kerosene: Na, K, Rb, Cs a) Proton b) Electron
c) Neutron d) None
Element which sublimes on heating: Iodine
424. The distance of an electron from the nucleus is determined by:
Lightest metal: Lithium
a) principal quantum number
Smallest atomic size: Hydrogen b) azimuthal quantum number
Largest atomic size: Cesium c) magnetic quantum number
High electronegativity: Flourine d) spin quantum number
Lowest electronegativity: Cesium 425. A p-orbital can accommodate:
Highest ionisation potential: Helium a) 4 electrons
Lowest ionisation potential: Cesium b) 6 electrons
Highest electron affinity: Chlorine c) 2 electrons with paralleled spires
Lowest electron affinity: Noble gases d) 2 electrons with opposite spires
Least electropositive: Flourine 426. Mass of neutron is nearly equal to that of:
Metal with lowest melting point: Mercury (-38.9oC) a) Electron b) Helium
Non-metal with highest mp & bp: Diamond c) Proton d) None of them
Total liquid elements: 5 (Ga, Br, Cs, Hg, Fr) 427. An atom has same no of electron, proton & neutron. It’s atomic
Solid element: 89 mass is:
Radioactive element: 25 a) same as the no. of proton or neutron.
First man made element: Technetium (At. No.43) b) double the no of proton or neutron
Rarest element in earth's crust: Astatine c) triple the no of proton or neutron
Most poisonous metal: Plutonium d) none of the above
Only liquid non-metal: Bromine 428. Who has discovered the sub-atomic particle neutron?
Best conductor among non-metal: Graphite a) J.J. Thomson b) Goldstein
c) Chadwick d) Rutherford
Oldest known organic acid: CH3COOH
429. Who has discovered molecule term?
Element having maximum no. of natural isotope: Tin (10)
a) Dalton b) Avogadro
Some polymorphic element: O, S, P c) Rutherford d) None
Coinage metal: Cu, Ag, Au 430. Atoms of different element, which have same neutron number but
Bleaching i.e. coloring agent: SO2, H2O, Cl2, Bleaching power different atomic number are known as:
a) Isotopes b) Isobars
c) Isotones d) None
431. The electron is actually a:
a)  particle b) Hydrogen ion
c)  particle d) positron

INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-79 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-80

432. Which of the following principle limits the maximum number of 440. Which of the following is the correct electronic configuration of
electrons in orbital to 2? Fe2+ ion (Z for Fe = 26)?
a) Afbau principle a) 1S2, 2S2,2P6,3S2,3P6,2d4,4S2
b) Pauli’s exclusion principle b) 1S2,2S2,2P6,3S2,3P6,3d6,4S0
c) Hunds Rule c) 1S2,2S2,2P6,3S2,3P6,4S2,4P6
d) Heisenberg Uncertainty principle d) 1S2,2S2,2P6,3S2,3P6,2d5,4S1
433. An element X has two isotopes. How does 238X isotope differ 441. Give example of one electrovalent compound formed in between
from 235X isotope? Gr-I and Gr-VII is:
a) It has 3 more protons and 3 more electrons. a) Na2O b) KCl
b) It has 3 more protons, but no more electrons. c) CaCl2 d) None
c) It has 3 more neutrons and 3 more electrons. 442. Carbon has valency of 4 in CH4 and CO2. Find the valency of
d) It has 3 more neutrons, but no more electrons. carbon in C2H6.
434. Atoms of the same element which have same atomic number but a)1 b) 2
different atomic mass are known as: c) 3 d) 4
a) isotones b) isobars 443. Which of the following gas is monatomic gas?
c) isotopes d) none a) Cl2 b) F2
435. A neutral atom of sodium, Na, has 11 electrons, 11 protons and c) N2 d) Xe
12 neutrons. Which symbol represents its nuclide? 444. According to duplet rule, how many electrons are there in the
a) 11Na11 b) 11Na12 valance shell?
22
c) 11Na d) 11Na23 a) 3 b) 4
436. The table gives the atomic structures of four particles. c) 5 d) 2
W X Y Z 445. Total number of electron in oxide ion is:
Protons 17 17 20 20 a) 8 b) 10
Neutrons 20 18 18 20 c) 12 d) None
Electrons 17 18 18 20 ( )---
446. Number of electrons present in Oxide O is:
Which particles are present together in the same ionic solid? a) 4 b) 10
a) W and X b) W and Y c) 12 d) None
c) X and Y d) X and Z 447. How many unpaired electron are present in N. atom?
437. How many protons are present in the nucleus of Fe3+? a) 2 b) 4
a) 26 b) 23 c) 3 d) 0
c) 25 d) 52 448. Which bond is strongest?
438. Generally, ionic radius of cation decreases, due to: a) Ionic bond b) Hydrogen bond
a) decreased effective nuclear charge c) Covalent bond d) Co-ordinate bond
b) increased effective nuclear charge 449. The ion that is isoelectronic with carbon monoxide is:
c) increased atomic number a) CN- b) O2+
d) none of the above c) O2 -
d) N2+
439. Give example of one covalent compound formed in between Gr-I 450. Which is the electron deficient molecule?
and Gr-IV. a) CH4 b) BF3
a) NaCl b) CH4 c) NH3 d) H2O
c) Na2O d) HCl

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451. Nitrogen does not form NCl5 but phosphorus forms PCl5 which 462. Which of the following is lightest radioactive element?
is due to the: a) Protium b) Deuterium
a) Presence of d-orbital b) Absence of d-orbital c) Iridium d) Vranium
c) Presence of p- orbital d) Absence of p-orbital 463. Which one of the following is not possible?
452. The outermost electronic configuration of most electronegative a) 2d b) 3p
element is: c) 4d d) 5f
a) ns2np3 b) ns2np4 464. The example of group vth of the periodic table is:
2 5
c) ns np d) ns2np6 a) sodium b) Aluminum
453. Which of the following does not contain odd electron number? c) oxygen d) nitrogen
a) Sc b) Sc++ 465. If we go from top to bottom in the same group, the electro
c) V d) Cr++ negativity of the element:
454. How many electrons are present in Fe+++ ion? a) Increases b) Decreases
a) 23 b) 24 c) No any change d) None
c) 25 d) 26 466. If we go from left to right in the periodic table the acidic
455. The correct ground state electronic configuration of chromium character of the element:
atom (At No: 24) is: a) increases b) decreases
a) [Ar] 3d54s1 b) [Ar]3d4s2 c) no any change d) None
6 6
c) [Ar]3d s d) [Ar]4d54s1 467. If we go from left to right in the same period, the atomic radius
456. Maximum number of electrons in M shell is: of the element:
a) 2 b) 18 a) Increases b) Decreases
c) 8 d) 32 c) No any change d) None
457. Number of electron present in 13Al+++ ion is: 468. The chemical properties of the elements are determined by:
a) 13 b) 10 a) atomic number b) atomic mass
c) 16 d) None c) neutron d) None
458. Which statement about an element which has seven outer 469. How many blocks are there in a periodic table?
electrons in its atoms, is correct? a) 1 b) 2
a) it is always mono atomic c) 5 d) 4
b) it forms a electrovalent compound with hydrogen 470. Who introduced the modern periodic table?
c) it forms a negative ion a) John Newland b) Lothar Meyer
d) it forms covalent compounds with group I elements c) Henery Moseley d) John Dalton
459. Electronic configuration of nitrogen atom is: 471. How many elements are there in a Lanthanides series?
a) 13 b) 14
a) b) c) 15 d) 16
c) d) 472. In which block of the periodic table should aluminum be placed?
a) s b) p
560. How many electrons are present in N shell of Cu+ ? c) d d) f
a) 0 b) 1 473. How many elements are there in actinides series?
c) 2 d) 3 a) 14 b) 15
+++ ++ +
461. Al , Mg , Na are: c) 16 d) None of above
a) Isotopes b) Isobars 474. In which group of the periodic table should calcium be placed?
c) Isoelectronic ions d) Isotones a) I-A b) III-A
c) II-A d) IV-A
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-83 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-84
475. Which block of the periodic table should actinides group be 486. Example of transitional element is:
placed? a) Ca b) Na
a) s b) p c) Cu d) None
c) d d) f 487. Total number of groups in modern long periodic table are:
476. In which group of the periodic table should halogen group be a) 14 b) 16
placed? c) 18 d) 20
a) I-A b) VI-A 488. Maximum number of electrons in given orbital is:
c) III-A d) VII-A a) 1 b) 2
477. How many valance electrons are there in an argon atom? c) 3 d) 4
a) 7 b) 8 489. In modern periodic table, elements are arranged on the basis of
c) 9 d) 10 their increasing:
478. Which of the following element is the most reactive? a) atomic mass b) atomic number
a) H b) Li c) mass number d) none
c) K d) Na 490. The number of orbital in "d" subshell is:
479. Which of the following element is also called electropositive a) 3 b) 4
element? c) 5 d) 7
a) 16 b) 17 491. The amount of energy required to remove an electron from an
c) 18 d) 20 gaseous atom is known as:
480. How many electrons are there in Ca++ ion? a) ionization potential b) electron affinity
a) 13 b) 20 c) electronegativity d) none
c) 11 d) 18 492. Example of Transitional elements are:
481. Which of the following gas is also called noble gas? a) Cr b) Mn
a) O2 b) Ne c) Cu d) All of them.
c) Ar d) Both b & c 493. The character of normal element is:
482. What is the other name of lanthanides and actinides series? a) Fixed valency b) Behave normally
a) Alkaline metal c) Both a and b d) None
b) Alkaline earth metal 494. The covalent compound formed in between Gr - I and Gr-VII is:
c) Rare-earth element a) NaBr b) KCl
d) None of the above c) CsF d) All of them
483. In which block of the periodic table should iron be placed? 495. Acidic character of the element --- as we go from left to right in
a) s-block b) p-block P-Table.
c) f-block d) d-block a) Decreases b) Increases
484. Which one of the following is true about transitional elements? c) No any change d) None
a) They have variable valency 496. Modern periodic table law is based on:
b) They lie in d-block a) Atomic Mass b) Atomic Number
c) They have coloured compounds c) Mass Number d) None
d) All of them 497. Which of the following symbol of metal is derived from the
485. Example of normal element is: name of scientist?
a) K b) Cu a) Cf b) Cm
c) Fe d) None c) Ca d) Cu

INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-85 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-86

498. Total no of elements present in 5th period of periodic table is: 510. Be has diagonal relation ship with:
a) 2 b) 8 a) Li b) Na
c) 18 d) 32 c) Al d) Si
499. The ionic compound formed in between Gr I and Gr VII in 511. Example of Alkali metal is:
periodic table is: a) Na b) Ca
a) CaCl2 b) AlCl3 c) Sr d) All of them
c) CCl4 d) NaCl 512. Which of the following is true about transitional elements?
500. Diagonal relationship is shown by elements of second period. a) They lie in d-block
Diagonal relation exists between: b) They have variable valency
a) Li and Mg b) Na and Mg c) They have coloured ions
c) K and Mg d) Al and Mg d) All of them
501. If the valence shell structure of an element is ns2np5, this element 513. Total number of groups in modern long periodic table are:
belong to: a) 18 b) 9
a) alkali metal b inert metal c) 7 d) 16
c) alkaline earth metal d) halogens 514. The ion XH4+ is a action radical. To which group in the periodic
502. The size of following species in increasing order is correct in: table does X belong to?
a) I-<I<I+ b) I< I+ < I- a) II b) III
+ -
c) I <I<I d) I-<I+<I c) IV d) V
503. Very long periodic table consists of ----- groups. 515. Cesium (Cs) is a metal in Group I of the periodic Table. Which
a) 9 b) 7 conclusion can be drawn from this information?
c) 18 d) None a) A cesium atom gains an electron when it forms an ion.
504. Which of the following is most electronegative? b) cesium is more reactive than lithium
a) Oxygen b) Chlorine c) cesium show variable valency in its compounds.
c) Fluorine d) Iodine d) Many compounds of cesium are colored.
505. Total number of elements present in 7th period is: 516. An atom of element X is represented by 3X7. Which statement
a) 17 b) 18 about an atom of X is correct?
c) 19 d) None a) It is in Group III of the Periodic Table.
506. Boron is diagonal relation ship with: b) It is in Group VII of the Periodic Table.
a) Si b) Na c) The total number of protons and electrons is 6.
c) Al d) Mg d) The total number of protons and neutrons is 10.
507. When we go prom left to right in the same period, the atomic 517. Which statement about the alkali metals is true?
radius of the element: a) they form covalent bonds with Group VII elements
a) Increases b) Decreases b) they form hydroxides on reacting with water
c) No any change d) None c) their melting points decrease on descending Group I
508. The example of noble metal is: d) their reactivates decrease on descending Group I
a) Argon b) Iron 518. Which of the following element is the most reactive?
c) Palladium d) Calcium a) H b) Na
509. When we go form left to right in the same period, the atomic c) K d) Li
radius of the element: 519. The formulae of the ions of four elements are shown below.
a) Increases b) Decreases O2– F– Li+ Mg2+
c) No change d) None Which statement about these ions is correct?
They all have:
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-87 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-88
 a) the same number of electrons in their outer shells. 8. ACID, BASES AND SALTS
b) the same electronic structure as a noble gas. An acid is a compound containing replaceable Hydrogen atom
c) the same number of protons in their nuclei. which neutralizes base, and turns blue litmus red, and has sour
d) more electrons than protons. taste.
520. Elements present in group I are called:
a) alkaline earth metals b) alkali metals Arrhenius Concept
c) reactive non metals d) noble gases An acid is a compound, which ionizes to give Hydrogen ion as the only
521. An element X in-group I of the periodic table reacts with an positive ion when dissolved in water.
element Y in group VI of the periodic table to from a compound
with formula: Thus, hydrochloric acid, Sulphuric acid, Acetic acid all are acids
a) XY b)XY2 because each of these acid furnishes Hydrogen ion when dissolved in
c) XY3 d) X2Y water.
522. Which of the following is the non-metallic basic radical?
a) Cd2+ b) Hg++ HCl H+ + Cl-
+
c) NH4 d) H+ H2SO4 2H+ + SO4- -
523. Which one of the following is metalloids? CH3COOH H + CH3COO-
+

a) F b) Ba
c) Ge d) Ni The common characteristics of acid, e.g. sour taste, ability to turn blue
524. Which of these when burnt in air give black coloured compound litmus red, ability to neutralize base etc are because of presence of
is malleable? Hydrogen ions in aqueous solution. The common properties of acids
a) Na b) Al are, in fact, the properties of Hydrogen ions.
c) Cu d) CH4
525. Total number of electrons in ferric ion are: Arrhenius Definition of Base
a) 26 b) 23 A base is a compound, which ionizes to give Hydroxide ion as they
c) 24 d) none only negative ion when dissolved in water.
526. Valency of phosphate is:
a) 1 b) 2 Thus, Sodium Hydroxide, Potassium Hydroxide, Calcium Hydroxide
c) 3 d) none are all bases, because each of them furnishes Hydroxide ion when
527. Example of Alkali metal is: dissolved in water.
a) Ca b) Ba NaOH  Na+ + OH-
c) Na d) None KOH  K+ + OH-
528. F, O, Cl, N what elements is missing hare? Ca(OH)2  Ca ++
+ 2OH -
a) Mg b) Na
c) NaCl d) C The common properties of base, i.e. bitter taste, ability to turn red
litmus blue, phenolphthalein to pink, ability to neutralize acid are due
to the Hydroxide ions. Arrhenius base is limited to water soluble bases
i.e. alkalis.

Arrhenius Definition of Salt

Salt is a compound, which gives positive ion excepting Hydrogen ion
and negative ion, excepting Hydroxide ion when dissolved in water.

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Limitation of Arrhenius Concept Conjugate Acid Base Pair
1. Nature of Hydrogen ion: CH3COOH + H2O H3O+ + CH3COO-
According to Arrhenius, an acid gives Hydrogen ion when dissolved in Conjugate Conjugate
water. What is the nature of Hydrogen ion in water? Hydrogen ion does Acid Base
not exist as a free ion; it combines with water molecule to give
Hydronium ion. Lewis Concept
H+ + H2O → H3O+ An acid is a species, which accepts a pair of electron from a base or in
brief an electron pair acceptor is a Lewis acid.
More than one water molecule may get associated with Hydrogen ion
in aqueous solution, but for simplicity, Hydrogen ion in aqueous A base is a species, which donates a pair of electrons to an acid or
solution is represented as H3O+. This thing is not covered in Arrhenius an electron donor is a Lewis base.
concept.
When Ammonia is dissolved in water the following reaction occurs.
2. Limited Scope: NH3 + H2O = NH4+ + OH-
Arrhenius concept of acid and base is limited to only one solvent water.
Therefore Arrhenius concept is limited to water soluble compounds Here H+ ion from water is transferred to Ammonia molecule,
only. NH3 + H+ = NH4+
Let us write this reaction using electron dot formula.
3. Acids and base without H+ and OH- ions:
There are many compounds, which do not contain Hydrogen or
H H
Hydroxide ions in their molecules but still they behave as an acid or a
base. For example, Carbon dioxide does not contain Hydrogen ion but H N: + H + H N: H+
behaves as an acid. For example, its aqueous solution turns blue litmus
red and reacts with alkali to give salt and water. H H
Lewisbase acid
Neutralization
When acid such as HCl is treated with the base such as NaOH, they Here alone pair of electrons is donated to Hydrogen ion, hence
react to give salt and water. Ammonia is Lewis base, and Hydrogen ion which accepts the lone pair
HCl + NaOH = NaCl + H2O of electrons is a Lewis acid.
Acid Base Salt Water
Similarly, the reaction that occurs when HCl is dissolved in water may
This is a neutralization reaction and is a typical ionic reaction. HCl and be written as,
NaOH ionize as follows. HCl + H2O = H3O+ + Cl-
HCl = H+ + Cl-
NaOH = Na+ + OH- In this reaction proton from HCl is transferred to H2O.
H+ + H2O = H3O+
Bronsted Lowry Concept
An acid is a species which donates a proton or a proton donor is an Let us write this reaction using electron dot formula,
acid. A base is a species that accepts a proton or a proton acceptor is a
base. H+ + H-O-H = H – O –+H
NH3 + H2O = NH4+ + OH- ↓
+
HCl + H2O = H3O + Cl- H
Bronsted acid Base
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-91 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-92
Weakness of Lewis Concept Some Facts
Lewis concept of acids and base is based on the donation and Acid Source
acceptance of electron pair by reacting species whereby a coordinate Citric acid Lemon, tomato
covalent bond is formed. Most of acid base reaction is very fast, but Acetic acid Vinegar
formation of coordinate covalent bond is a slow process. More over, in Carbonic acid Soda water
a typical neutralization reaction as in the reaction between HCl and Tartaric acid Fruits
NaOH, on such coordinate covalent bond is formed. Ascorbic acid Sour fruits

Lewis concept excludes ionization process, hence it fails to assign the Stomach gland release HCl and during ant-sting formic acid is released.
strength of acid or base. Base Use
NaOH Soap making
Salts Al(OH)3 Antacid for gastric patients
Salts are compounds made up of positive and negative ions, the
positive derived from base and negative derived form acid. Salt Use
NaCl Edible salt
Normal salt is formed by neutralization of acid and base completely. CuSO4 Fungicides
Example: NaCl, K2SO4. It is produced by replacement of all replacable MgSO4 For constipation patients
Hydrogen present in acid by metal on NH4+ group.
Buffer solutions:
Acidic salt is formed when polybasic acids like H2SO4, H3PO4 is Buffer solutions are equilibrium system that resists changes in acidity
neutralised partly by base. Example: NaHSO3, NaH2PO4 etc. and maintain constant pH when acids or bases are added to them.

Basic salt is formed when polyacidic base like Ba(OH)2, Bi(OH)3 is Amphoteric Oxides:
neutralized partly by acid. Example: Ba(OH)Cl, Bi(OH)2Cl, Ca(OH)Cl They have properly of both acid and base. It acts as an acid when
etc. strong base is present and also acts as base when strong acid is present.
Example:Al2O3, ZnO, SnO etc.
Acid salt is formed when a polybasic acid like H2SO4, H2SO3, H3PO4 is
neutralized partly by base. Eg. NaHSO3, NaHCO3, NaHPO4, etc. Some acidic Oxide:
CO2 SO2
Base salt is formed by the replacement of only a part of hydroxyl SO3 N2O5 (Acid anhydride of HNO3)
groups of an ionic metal Hydroxide by the ani onic part of acid. Eg.
Ca(OH)Cl, Ba(OH)Cl, etc. Some basic Oxide:
Na2O CaO
Mixed salts are formed by simultaneous neutralization of one acid by BaO K2O
two base or one base by two acids. Example: Ca(OCl)Cl.
Neutral Oxide:
Double salt: The compound of two salts, whose solution gives test for CO NO
all constituent ions is called double salt. Example: N2O
FeSO4.(NH4)2SO4.6H2O (Mohr’s salt).
Indicator:
A compound whose solution does not give tests for all constituents ion Indicators are complex organic compounds, which give different
is complex salt. Example: K4[Fe(CN)6] (Potassium Ferrocyanide). colours in acidic or basic solutions.
INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-93 INTEL Bridge Course/Objective Chemistry-94
 Multiple Choice Questions:
The common indicators are litmus, methyl orange and phenolphthalein. 529. Peptic ulcer patient is treated with
The colours given by three indicators in acidic and basic solution are a) Al(OH)3 b) Mg(OH)2
given below: c) a and b d) None
Indicator Colour in acidic Colour in basic 530. If honey bee bites, we use:
solution solution a) calamine lotion b) vinegar
Litmus Red Blue c) caustic soda d) None
Methyl orange Red Yello 531. If wasp bites, we use generally:
Phenolphthalein Colourless Pink a) vinegar b) calamine lotion
c) Hydrochloric acid d) None
These indicators are used to distinguish between acidic and basic 532. pH of distilled water is:
solutions. a) 4 b)10
c) 7 d) None
pH Table: 533. Sodium chloride is:
Colour in Colour in a) Acid b) Base
pH c) Salt d) All of them
acidic basic
Indicator rang Used for titrating
soluti soluti 534. Which of the following is Lewis acid?
e
on on a) HCl b) H2SO4
Strong acid against c) CaO d) AlCl3
Litmus 5.5-7.5 Red Blue
strong base 535. Which of these turn blue litmus paper into blue:
Strong acid against a) Na2CO3 b) NaOH
Methyl
3-4.4 Pink Yellow strong or weak
orange c) FeCl3 d) None
base
536. Which of these are neutral salt:
Strong acid against
Methyl red 4.2-6.3 Red Yellow a) NaCl b) NaNO3
weak base
Bromthymo c) K2SO4 d) All of them
6-7.6 Red Blue - 537. The pH value of good quality of soil ranges from:
l blue
Phenol Strong or weak acid a) 2 to 3 b) 5 to 7
Colour c) 6.5 to 7 d) 6 to
pthalei 8-9.8 Pink against strong
less
n base 538. Proton acceptor chemical species are:
a) Bronsted base b) Lewis Acid
Universal indicator: c) Arrhenius Acid d) Bronsted Acid
An indicator prepared by several organic indicators of different colours 539. The aqueous solution of gas which turns red to blue litmus paper
is called universal indicator. The red colour or deep red colour in the is:
univversal indicator denotes audity whereas the blue colour or deep a) CO2 b) O2
blue colour denotes alkalinity. c) NH3 d) None
540. Aquaregia is mixture of HCl and HNO3 is:
5 6 8 9 10 11 12 14
pH Value 1 2 3 4 7 13 a) 3:1 b) 1:3
Red Pink Orange Yellow Green Greenis Blue Bluish Violet
Blue Violet c) 2:1 d) None
541. FeCl3 is example of ----- salt.
Acidity increases Alkalinity increases a) Acidic b) Basic
c) Neutral d) None

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542. Those chemical substances which donate proton are known as: 555. What would be the colour of universal indicator in aqueous
a) Acid b) Base sodium hydroxide?
c) Salt d) None a) Yellow b) Red
543. Which of the following is not base? c) Green d) Deep blue
a) NaOH b) P(OH)3 556. NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O, is the example of:
c) Al(OH)3 d) ZnO a) Neutralisation reaction b) Acid-Base reaction
544. When excess of sodium hydroxide reacts with sulphuric acid, c) Both (a) and (b) d) None
the resultant solution will have pH. 557. The gas which turns blue to red litmus paper is:
a) less than 7 b) equal to 7 a) CO2 b) NH3
c) more than 7 d) it cannot be predicted c) CO d) None
545. Which of the following is an acid salt? 558. Which one of these is acidic oxide:
a) Zn(OH) Br b) Ca(HS)2 a) CO2 b) CO
c) NaCl d) KCl c) Na2O d) None
546. Example of anhydride of aqua fortis is: 559. The gas which turns red to blue litmus paper is:
a) N2O3 b) N2O a) NO b) N2
c) NO d) N2O5 c) NH3 d) None
547. Those chemical substances which accept lone pair of electrons 560. In general, when oxides of non-metal reacts with water, they
are known as: from solution having pH value:
a) Acid b) Base a) Greater then 7 b) Less than 7
c) Salt d) None c) Equal to 7 d) None
548. Water is ----- in nature. 561. In general, when metal oxides react with water, they form
a) Acidic b) Basic solutions that are:
c) Amphoteric d) None a) Acidic b) basic
549. pH of distilled water is: c) Neutral d) None
a) 4 b) 7 562. Example of amphoteric oxide is:
c) 10 d) None a) CaO b) SiO2
550. Which of these turn blue litmus paper into real? c) ZnO d) CO
a) Na2CO3 b) NaOH 563. PbO2 is:
c) FeCl3 d) KCl a) acidic b) basic
551. Which of these are neutral salt? c) amphoteric d) anhydride
a) NaCl b) NaNO3 564. Drying agent of ammonia is CaO, absorbent of NH3 is:
c) Na2SO4 d) All of them a) conc. HCl b) conc. H2SO4
552. The pH of an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid is 2. What will be c) fused CaCl2 d) conc. HNO3
the pH of the acid after the addition of 10 g of sodium chloride? 565. Example of amphoteric oxide:
a) 1 b) 2 a) Na2O b) P2O5
c) 7 d) 9 c) SnO d) N2O
553. Carbonic acid is prepared by the action of:
a) CO2 and H2O b) CO and H2O
c) CO2 and Ca(OH)2 d) CO and H2SO4
554. All alkalis are hydroxide of metals except:

a) Caustic potash b) magnesium hydroxide
c) Slaked lime d) ammonium hydroxide
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