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What occurs in each stage of the audit life cycle?

What access is required for an accurate audit?

Given the following activities and precedences, draw an AOA or AON diagram: Activity
Immediate Predecessor A ..........— B ..........— C ..........A D ..........A, B E ...........A, B
F ..........C G ........D, F H ........E, G

The events of the project below are designated as 1, 2, and so on. (a) Draw the network. (b) Find
the critical path. (c) Find the slacks on all theactivities.

What is the purpose of a risk analysis?

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What is a “baseline”?

How would you calculate free slack?

Should the critical path activities be managed differently from noncritical path activities?
Explain.

Given the following information regarding a project concerning an initial public offering (IPO),
(a) Draw the network. (b) What is the critical path? (c) When will the offering be available
(completion of the project)? (d) What is the effect on the project if activity e (approvals) takes an
extra week? Two extra wee

Given the estimated activity times below and the network in Problem 8 above, what is the
critical path probability that the project will be completed within: (a) 21 days? (b) 22 days? (c)
25days?

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Do you think this was a financial audit, a project audit, or a management audit? Why? It was July
2004. John West and Joy Adams had been through a lot since the THAAD program had begun in
1992. Eleven THAAD flight tests had been conducted in the Program Definition and Risk
Reduction (PDRR) Phase. After six initial fail

In the Web site development project network, shown in the following figure, the number
alongside each activity designates the activity duration (TE) in weeks. Determine: (a) The ES
and LS for each activity. (b) The earliest time that the website can be completed. (c) The slack on
all activities. (d) The critical act
Given the minimal elements of a project audit present in Section 12.2, which element(s) would
have been primary to the audit team? Why? Which section would have contained the
“underlying problems” reported in the case? MINI CASE It was July 2004. John West and
Joy Adams had been through a lot sin

Which of the four concepts is the most important, in your opinion?

What is your position on the statements in the Using These Tools section?

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Would some of these tools have been of value to Iceland in the Project Management in Practice
example?

Given the following financing project being considered by a venture firm, find the critical path
probability of completion by 17 weeks. By 24 weeks. By what date is management 90 percent
sure completion will occur? If the venture firm can complete the project for the customer within
18 weeks, it will receive a bon

In their recommendations to project managers regarding implementing these tools, which

recommendations are most important?

For each of the aids used in the case, describe how they were constructed and if there were any
modifications in form. MINI CASE Heublein, Inc., develops, manufactures, and markets
consumer food and beverage products domestically and internationally. The business of
Heublein, Inc., their sales reve

Briefly summarize how a network is drawn.

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Given the great variety of items for an auditor to evaluate, what should the PM do given that the
project evaluation basis was clearly laid out in the project plan? What about ancillary goals?

Why do you think organizations tend to ignore post-project evaluations? MINI CASE Overall, in
the light of this study, we would come out strongly in favor of post-project reviews (provided
you do not call them post mortems). We could spot flaws in the ones we saw, but they were still
valuable. And mos

What lessons might you have expected that aren’t included?

Do you think the GAO was the best choice for an audit team? Would it have the trust of the
project personnel? MINI CASE It was July 2004. John West and Joy Adams had been through a
lot since the THAAD program had begun in 1992. Eleven THAAD flight tests had been
conducted in the Program Definition an
Contrast total slack and free slack.

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Why is it important to use outside auditors rather than inside auditors who would be more
familiar with the company and the project?

During the project audit, a tremendous amount of time can be wasted if a systematic method of
information handling is not adopted. Briefly explain how this systematic method may be
developed.

Why are there activities scheduled after the symposium? When is the project finally done?

Gerkin Pension Services Dana Lasket was the project manager of a project with the objective of
determining the feasibility of moving a signifi cant portion of Gerkin’s computing capacity
to another geographical location. Project completion was scheduled for 28 weeks. Dana had the
project team motivated, and at the en

Why is measurement a particular problem in auditing?

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Miracle Marketing has received a contract from a large pharmaceutical firm to design a
nationwide advertising campaign for their recently approved cancer drug. The drug is easily
taken, compared with current intravenous drugs, and can be administered from home. Miracle
Marketing has assigned to the task a project manag

What would you identify as the ethical responsibilities of an auditor?

Do you think that project evaluations cost-justify themselves?

Based on the Gantt chart, when did the symposium actually occur?

Evaluation of a project is another means of project control.” Comment.

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Given an auditing project with the following activities, Using the critical path, find: (a) The
probability of completing this project in 12 weeks (or less), as the client desires. (b) The
probability of completing this project in 13 weeks (or less). (c) The probability of completing
this project in 16 weeks (or les

Why is AOA or AON of significant value to the project manager?

What was the major problem in this project?

Given the diagram below, find: (a) The critical path. (b) How long it will take to complete
theproject.

How are activity times estimated?

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Convert the AOA diagram in Problem 4 to an AON diagram. How would the AON diagram
change if there had been a dummy from node 2 to node 3 in Problem 4?

Elaborate on item 3.

What trade-offs might exist among the three objectives of system integration?

What is the difference between activity-on-node and activity-on-arrow diagrams?

The Denver Iron & Steel Company is expanding its operations to include a new drive-in weigh
station. The weigh station will be a heated/air-conditioned building with a large floor and small
office. The large room will have the scales, a 15-foot counter, and several display cases for its
equipment. Before erection of t

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What two factors are compared by Gantt charting? How does the Gantt chart differ in purpose
from the project master schedule?

What items should be included in the audit status report?

Discuss some of the differences between managing professionals and managing other workers or
team members.

What categories of conflict occurred in this project? At what stage was the project?

Sutton Electronics Eric Frank was still basking in the glory of his promotion to marketing project
manager for Sutton Electronics Corporation, manufacturer of electronic fire alarm systems for
motels, offices, and other commercial installations. Eric’s first project involved the
development of a marketing plan for Su

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What would you suggest to recover the project?

Describe, from Table 5-2, the probable reasons for the changing number of conflicts over the
course of the project in the following areas: (a) Priorities (b) Administrative procedures (c)
Technical trade-offs (d) Schedules
Why do you think the average total conflict increases during the “early program phase”
(Figure)?

What are the pros and cons concerning the early participation of the various functional areas in
the project plan?

Describe risk management and how it applies to projects.

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What other big-picture issues might this system be useful for besides identifying when projects
might overly congest an area?

The directed reading at the end of this chapter describes four tools for crises in projects. Might
any of these be useful to Iceland in their planning?

How might the difficulties of matrix organization change when implementing virtual projects?

How might we plan for risks that we cannot identify in the risk management section of the
project plan?

Summarize or condense the 13 characteristics of Confrontation as a conflict-resolving method.

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Why do you think they didn’t consider the situation of the passengers?

What do you think may be the purpose of a work breakdown structure? How might it aid the PM
in organizing the project?

What was the source of the problem here?

Why is it important for the functional areas to be involved in the project from the time of the
original proposal?

Of the solutions to virtual team problems, which would apply to regular project teams also?

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Are the recommendations complete? Would you add anything else?

What are the three major objectives of systems integration?

Do you expect there was some concern among top management that no bulldozer was working
the next day?

What are the major sources of conflict throughout the lifecycle?

Why do you suppose that the coordination of the various elements of the project is considered
the most difficult aspect of project implementation?

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Is the role of the PMO in this case unusual?

What do you think was the primary factor that changed the culture for this project?

Do you think this might be the future of project management?

Which of the four examples of conflict resolution is the best example, in your opinion, of
effective resolution? Why?

What kinds of risk categories might be included in the project plan?

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Was Shanghai unlucky or was it something else?

What are the systems architect’s duties?

In Table 1, what was the second best resolution technique? What was the worst resolution
technique? What do you conclude from this?

What are the major tasks of a Project Management Office?

In what ways may the WBS be used as a key document to monitor and control a project?

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Contrast the Project Plan, the Action Plan, and the WBS.

What are the general steps for managing each work package within a specific project?

If Norm chooses to go ahead with the microprocessor conversion on the machinery without
passing it by the team, what are the potential conflicts that might arise? What are the advantages
of such a move? MINI CASE As Norm St. Laurent, operations manager for Oilwell Cable
Company, pulled his Bronco 4x4 o

Which of the project planning aids (WBS, etc.) described in the chapter was used in the case?
MINI CASE Heublein, Inc., develops, manufactures, and markets consumer food and beverage
products domestically and internationally. The business of Heublein, Inc., their sales revenue,
and some of their be

What are some advantages and disadvantages of housing a project in a functional form?

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Given that this project cut about 40 percent off the schedule and 25 percent off the cost, what is
the message about the importance of teamwork?

Identify three ways of dealing with a conflict associated with projects. Does dealing with conflict
always need to be a zero-sum game?

How much impact might microprocessors have on production costs? Assume that variable
overhead represents the same percentage of costs as fixed overhead. Find the net present value if
the microprocessors cost $25,000 and their installation runs another $5,000. Assume a 10%
margin. MINI CASE As Norm St.

Pritchard Soap Co. Samantha (“Sam”) Calderon is manager of a project that will
completely alter the method of adding perfume to Pritchard Soap’s “Queen Elizabeth”
gift soap line. The new process will greatly extend the number of available scents and should
result in a significant increase in sales. The projec

What is the objective of interface management?

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This example well illustrates the trend to using project management to do everything in
organizations that used to be done in other ways. Can everything be better executed using project
management? If not, what are the characteristics of those tasks that cannot?

Identify the advantages and disadvantages of the matrix form of organization.

Name the four basic types of project organization and list at least one characteristic, advantage,
and disadvantage of each.

Hydrobuck is a medium-sized producer of gasoline-powered outboard motors. In the past it has

successfully manufactured and marketed motors in the 3- to 40-horsepower range. Executives at
Hydrobuck are now interested in larger motors and would eventually like to produce motors in
the 50- to 150-horsepower range. The int

If striving to meet schedule or budget isn’t top priority, what is?

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If the production team chooses to approve and implement this microprocessor conversion
project, what form of project organization will this represent? MINI CASE As Norm St. Laurent,
operations manager for Oilwell Cable Company, pulled his Bronco 4x4 onto Kansas Interstate
70, he heard on the CB about t

What negotiation techniques were used here? How successful were they?

Of the ineffective resolution examples, which was the worst, in your opinion? Why?
Task 5-C is the critical, pacing task of a rush project. Fred always nitpicks anything that comes
his way, slowing it down, driving up its costs, and irritating everyone concerned. Normally, Fred
would be listed as “Notify” for task 5-C on the responsibility matrix but the PM is
considering “forgetting” to make

What should be the role of the project manager in conflict management?

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What is the role of systems integration in project management? What are the three major
objectives of systems integration?

Human and political factors loom large in the success of projects. Given the general lack of
coverage of this subject in engineering and science education, how might a PM gain the ability to
deal with these issues?

What new electronic technologies have contributed to the problems, and solutions, of virtual
project teams?

How would you organize a project to develop a complex new product such as a new color
fax–copy machine? How would you organize if the product was simpler, such as a new disk
drive?

How would the system facilitate planning? Coordination? Control?

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Would this approach work for most of today’s projects?

Consider the applicability of a “lightweight” team structure for this project.

For one of the Project Management in Practice exercises in this chapter, identify the
environments that may be a significant source of risk for the project.

Merck & Co., manufacturers of Vioxx, took a major financial hit when they decided to
discontinue manufacture and sale of the drug. What do you think were the major items in their
likely cost/benefit analysis?

Describe the “even planning process” and explain why it is helpful.

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The United States emergency body FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Act) was formed
for much the same reasons as Iceland’s disasters. How do the two approaches appear to
differ?
Which virtual project problems are unique to the phenomenon of being dispersed and which are
common project problems in any project?

What would you recommend that Norm do? MINI CASE As Norm St. Laurent, operations
manager for Oilwell Cable Company, pulled his Bronco 4x4 onto Kansas Interstate 70, he heard
on the CB about the traffic jam ahead of him due to icy road conditions. Although the traffic was
moving some, Norm decided to ge

Discuss the effects of the various organizational forms on coordination and interaction, both
within the project team and between the team and the rest of the firm.

Of the special ground rules, which ones do you think really gave impetus to the speed of the
project?

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What are the pros and cons of the head of a Project Management Office reporting to senior
management? To departmental management?

Given the size of this organization and the number of projects they deal with, would it make
sense to institute a Project Management Office? Is there another arrangement that might be a
good alternative? MINI CASE As Norm St. Laurent, operations manager for Oilwell Cable
Company, pulled his Bronco 4x4

Given a nation so prone to disasters, why do you think it took so long to formulate a contingency
disaster plan?

Why are the three areas of scheduling, funding, and human resource planning needed in such a
system? Why aren’t equipment planning and materials requirements included?

What percentage of the total project effort do you think should be devoted to planning? Why?

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The article concludes on the note that conflict need not be a bad thing. Compare this view with
that in the chapter concerning the win-win approach to negotiation.

Why is the project management office so important?

If Norm decides to put the decision to the appropriate production team, what are the potential
problems? What would be the advantages? MINI CASE As Norm St. Laurent, operations
manager for Oilwell Cable Company, pulled his Bronco 4x4 onto Kansas Interstate 70, he heard
on the CB about the traffic jam a

Why is a risk management data bank for the project more necessary now than in the past?
Surely this was not the first time Prevost needed to make a significant change in their firm. Why
do you think this was the first time the VP called upon a project management consulting firm?

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Ringold’s Pool and Patio Supply John Ringold, Jr., just graduated from a local university
with a degree in industrial management and joined his father’s company as executive vice-
president of operations. Dad wants to break John in slowly and has decided to see how he can do
on a project that John Sr. has never had

What should be accomplished at the initial coordination meeting?

What type of risk analysis approach would have been most appropriate in this situation?

Compare Norm’s recollection of the division’s productivity gains between 1985 and
1989 to Exhibit 2. Explain the inconsistency. MINI CASE As Norm St. Laurent, operations
manager for Oilwell Cable Company, pulled his Bronco 4x4 onto Kansas Interstate 70, he heard
on the CB about the traffic jam ah

List the nine component planning sequences of software project planning.

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Is it ethical to employ participative management solely as a way to motivate employees?

What should the project manager have done about the challenges facing this project?

What is surprising about the success of this non-profit agency?

Any successful project plan must contain nine key elements. List these items and briefly describe
the composition of each.

A disadvantage of the pure project organization has to do with the tendency of project
professionals to fall behind in areas of technical expertise not used on the project. Name several
ways that a project manager might avoid this problem.

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Which problems described in the article are the most serious for virtual projects? Which might
be fatal?

What are the basic guidelines for systems design which assure that individual components of the
system are designed in the best manner?

What is shown on a linear responsibility chart? How is it useful to a PM?

Shaw’s Strategy Colin Shaw has been tapped to be an accounting project manager for the
second time this year. Although he enjoys the challenges and opportunity for personal
development afforded to him as a project manager, he dreads the interpersonal problems
associated with the position. Sometimes he feels like a gl

Why is project planning so important?

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What is a program manager? How does this job differ from that of a project manager?

Describe the process of subdivision of activities and events that composes the tree diagram
known as the Work Breakdown Structure or Gozinto chart. Why is the input of responsible
managers and workers so important an aspect of this process?

Why might an organization benefit from giving employee development opportunities to a

dysfunctional manager, rather than simply dismissing the manager? Do these reasons apply to
non-management employees as well?

Stacee Laboratories Stacee Labs, the research subsidiary of Stacee Pharmaceuticals, Inc., has a
long history of successful research and development of medical drugs. The work is conducted by
pure project teams of scientists that operate with little in the way of schedules, budgets, and
precisely predefined objectives.

What are the basic steps to design and use the Work Breakdown Structure?

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Consider the applicability of a “heavyweight” or “balanced” structure.

Give some major guidelines for choosing an organizational form for a project.

In many cases, organizations use teams as a part of their high-performance work systems. Could
such systems be useful in organizations that do not use teams? What special concerns might you
have to address?

1. How does Lockheed’s approach to ethics add value to the firm? 2. Suppose you were a
Lockheed shareholder. If the company lost a large contract because it failed to make a kickback
and its share price dropped dramatically as a result, how would you feel? 3. What more can
Lockheed do to ensure that ethical principle

How does a complete performance management system differ from the use of annual
performance appraisals?

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How do U.S. laws affect organizations' use of each of the employment tests? Interviews?

Continuing the example in Question 7, imagine that you are preparing for your first performance
feedback session. You want the feedback to be effective-that is, you want the feedback to result
in improved performance. List five or six steps you can take to achieve your goal.

Many people feel that mentoring relationships should occur naturally, in situations where senior
managers feel inclined to play that role. What are some advantages of setting up a formal
mentoring program, rather than letting senior managers decide how and whom to help?

What are the four factors that influence an employee's job dissatisfaction? Which of these do you
think an employer can most easily change? Which would be the most expensive to change?

If grooming a talented individual for a leadership role is an important outcome of a foreign

assignment, how can this be worked into a performance appraisal system? How would a manager
assess leadership accomplishments?

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Recruiting people for jobs that require international assignments is increasingly important for
many organizations. Where might an organization go to recruit people interested in such
assignments?

The section on principles of justice used noncompete agreements as an example. How would you
expect the use of noncompete agreements to affect voluntary turnover? How might the use of
these agreements affect job withdrawal and job satisfaction? Besides requiring noncompete
agreements, how could an organization reduce t

1. What overall changes could you recommend to the executive team at Egan’s about its HR
practices? 2. What are the pros and cons of Egan’s performance appraisal system? Do you
think it identifies the best employees? Do you think it helps develop employees to perform the
best they can? 3. Can increased sales be lin

1. Based on the information given, discuss how well Performance Multiplier and Rypple meet
the criteria for effective performance management: fit with strategy, validity, reliability,
acceptability, and specific feedback. 2. How suitable would these tools be for fulfilling the
strategic, administrative, and development

A manufacturing company employs several maintenance employees. When a problem occurs

with the equipment, a maintenance employee receives a description of the symptoms and is
supposed to locate and fix the source of the problem. The company recently installed a new,
complex electronics system. To prepare its maintenance

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Who should be involved in orientation of new employees? Why would it not be appropriate to
provide employee orientation purely online?

1. Why is it important to teach employees how to reason through ethical business dilemmas? 2. If
you were an employee, do you think specific ethical “tools,” such as a decision map,
ethical hotline, and so forth, would help you make the right decision? 3. Why is it important to
appraise employees on the basis of th

Review the sample transitional matrix shown in Table. What jobs experience the greatest
turnover (employees leaving the organization)? How might an organization with this
combination of jobs reduce theturnover?

Do you think the four principles of high involvement provide an adequate context for designing
high-performance work systems? What other concerns or guidelines for developing high-
performance work systems would you suggest?

Why should organizations be interested in helping employees plan their careers? What benefits
can companies gain? What are the risks?

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1. What is the ethical dilemma faced by management in this case. Explain fully. 2. What specific
problems might Newell face in its downsizing decision? 3. What options might Newell employ
in its downsizing decision? Explain fully. A particular issue in business ethics is, “What
exactly does the term ethics mean?”

1. What advantages does this new system from Direct Employers Association offer to big
companies? What advantages does it offer to small companies? 2. How would you expect the
introduction of this system to affect employers’ use of the various recruiting methods
described in this chapter? 3. Imagine you are recruitin

1. How well do you think credit checks meet the effectiveness criteria of (a) Reliability; (b)
Validity; (c) Ability to generalize results; (d) High utility; and (e) Legality? 2. For what kinds of
jobs might a credit check be a useful selection method? For what kinds of jobs would it be
unhelpful, inappropriate, or un

Why are exit interviews important? Should an organization care about the opinions of people
who are leaving? How are those opinions relevant to employee separation and retention?

How can human resource management contribute to a company's success?

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What skills are important for success in human resource management? Which of these skills are
already strengths of yours? Which would you like to develop?
1. For what kinds of jobs would it be relevant to look for a candidate who behaves confidently in
a job interview? 2. When conducting job interviews, how can you increase the likelihood that
you are evaluating relevant job skills, not just deciding who is most persuasive? Employers
intend to pick the candidates who wi

1. How, if at all, do a company's ethical obligations to employees from its own country differ
from its ethical obligations to employees who are citizens of other countries? 2. Should U.S.
companies that have laid off U.S. workers try to hire only U.S. workers? Why or why not? For
years now, U.S. corporations have bem

Suppose you were recently promoted to a supervisory job in a company where you have worked
for two years. You genuinely like almost all your co-workers, who now report to you. The only
exception is one employee, who dresses more formally than the others and frequently tells jokes
that embarrass you and the other worker

What activities are involved in the selection process? Think of the last time you were hired for a
job. Which of those activities were used in selecting you? Should the organization that hired you
have used other methods as well?

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1. What are the fundamental aspects of SYSCO’s Virtual HR system that add value to the
organization? 2. What concerns would you have in implementing such a system in other
organizations? 3. What other elements would you recommend to enhance SYSCO’s HR
system? For evidence that SYSCO Corporation’s innovative Virt

Why does predictive validation provide better information than concurrent validation? Why is
this type of validation more difficult?

This chapter places considerable emphasis on the processes involved in implementing high-
performance work systems. What are the most critical steps to successful implementation?

What are the three roles of a coach? How is a coach different from a mentor? What are some
advantages of using someone outside the organization as a coach? Some disadvantages?

Why do organizations provide diversity training? What kinds of goals are most suitable for such
training?

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1. Which approaches to employee development are mentioned in this case for Zappos? Which
are mentioned for General Electric? 2. These two companies are both well respected and
successful but have very different cultures: Zappos is modern and fun, while GE is a huge,
competitive, traditional company. How would you expec
Although both internal and external fit are important concerns with high-performance work
systems, which do you consider more critical and why?

1. If an employee receives performance feedback that implies the employee is "average" or has
met (but not exceeded) expectations, how would you expect the employee to react to the
feedback during an appraisal interview? How well would this feedback affect the strategic and
developmental purposes of performance managem

What are the manager's roles in a career management system? Which role do you think is most
difficult for the typical manager? Which is the easiest role? List reasons why managers might
resist becoming involved in career management.

"Melinda!" bellowed Toran to the company's HR specialist, "I've got a problem, and you've got
to solve it. I can't get people in this plant to work together as a team. As if I don't have enough
trouble with our competitors and our past-due accounts, now I have to put up with running a zoo.
You're responsible for seeing

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1. When a seemingly secure job or a job with opportunities for advancement becomes an
insecure job at a shrinking company, has the employer broken a promise? Why or why not? 2.
What ethical obligations, if any, does a company have to employees when it falls on hard times?
In what ways, if any, are those obligations dif

Why do organizations combine statistical and judgmental forecasts of labor demand, rather than
relying on statistics or judgment alone? Give an example of a situation in which each type of
forecast would be inaccurate.

Give an example of voluntary turnover and an example of involuntary turnover. Why should
organizations try to reduce both kinds of turnover?

Suppose your organization needs to hire several computer programmers, and you are reviewing
résumés you obtained from an online service. What kinds of information will you want to
gather from the "work experience" portion of these résumés? What kinds of information
will you want to gather from the "education" porti

1. How would you conduct a job analysis for a job that does not yet exist? 2. Do you think the
abilities chosen for selection are content-valid? What other kinds of predictors might be
generally useful for employee selection? 3. What reasons did the selection committee have for
selecting only the factors that could not

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Imagine that a small manufacturing company decides to invest in a materials resource planning
(MRP) system. This is a computerized information system that improves efficiency by
automating such work as planning needs for resources, ordering materials, and scheduling work
on the shop floor. The company hopes that with t

Suppose you are a human resource professional helping to improve the performance
management system of a company that sells and services office equipment. The company
operates a call center that takes calls from customers who are having problems with their
equipment. Call center employees are supposed to verify that the

1. Given the criticisms of adventure learning, why do you think it remains an attractive option to
some? Would you want to participate in one of these training programs? Why or why not? 2.
Imagine that you are an HR manager in a company where an executive wants to sign the sales
team up for adventure learning. What ste

Suppose an organization expects a labor shortage to develop in key job areas over the next few
years. Recommend general responses the organization could make in each of the following areas:
a. Recruitment b. Training c. Compensation (pay and employee benefits)

1. Under what conditions would it be practical for a company to send recruiters to college
campuses to interview prospective employees, and when would it be impractical? What kinds of
companies would you expect to see on your college campus? What kinds would you not expect
to see? 2. Why do you think Liberty Mutual add

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Assume you are the human resource manager of a small seafood company. The general manager
has told you that customers have begun complaining about the quality of your company's fresh
fish. Currently, training consists of senior fish cleaners showing new employees how to perform
the job. Assuming your needs assessment i

Many organizations turn to e-learning as a less expensive alternative to classroom training. What
are some other advantages of substituting e-learning for classroom training? What are some
disadvantages?

Why should the selection process be adapted to fit the organization's job descriptions?

How can organizations improve the quality of their interviewing so that interviews provide valid
information?

1. What could Whitney do to enhance the value of training? 2. Is the company using the most
effective techniques, especially with regard to training for client and customer service? What
technique changes would you recommend? 3. How should Whitney decide specifically who
needs training? Is it advisable, even cost-effic

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For the situation in Question 2, how would a formal discipline policy help the organization
address issues of fairness?

Choose two of the selection methods identified in this chapter. Describe how you can compare
them in terms of reliability, validity, ability to generalize, utility, and compliance with the law.

In an organization that wants to use work experiences as a method of employee development,

what basic options are available? Which of these options would be most attractive to you as an
employee? Why?

1. The evidence presented here implies that Bank of America's board of directors lacked a
succession plan for CEO even when the directors had concerns about the current CEO. Why
might it be difficult to engage in succession planning during a crisis? Why might it be necessary?
2. Imagine that you are an HR executive. Ho

1. Should social responsibility be a matter of business strategy (deciding whether the practices
will boost profits in the long term), ethics (deciding whether the practices are morally right), or
both? Why? 2. Review the functions and responsibilities of human resource management, and
identify areas where HRM might co

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1. What ethical values do you think would be essential for a bank to uphold? Suggest three ways
a bank could strengthen those values in its employees through HR policies and practices. 2.
Which of the HR skills described in this chapter would be needed to prevent the kinds of
problems described in this analysis of the

Which principles of high-performance work systems appear in this scene? Note some examples
from the scene of the principles you identify. You also can refer to Figure while viewing the
scene. 2. The chapter earlier noted that training and development is a human resource practice
that is important for high-performan

For each of the following jobs, select the two kinds of tests you think would be most important to
include in the selection process. Explain why you chose those tests. a. City bus driver b.
Insurance salesperson c. Member of a team that sells complex high-tech equipment to
manufacturers d. Member of a team that makes a

1. Compare the example of the safety consultant coaching a CEO with the example of Ernst &
Young mentoring accountants. How are these development approaches similar and different? 2.
Besides coaches or mentors, what other resources could an organization provide to develop
ethical employees? Which of these do you think

1. If performance management practices at mortgage companies helped the companies earn

impressive profits for a time, would you rate that as a business success? An ethical success? Why
or why not? 2. If those same practices made mortgage companies more vulnerable after the real
estate bubble burst and the financial cri

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Discuss the relative merits of internal versus external recruitment. Give an example of a situation
in which each of these approaches might be particularly effective.

A company that markets sophisticated business management software systems uses sales teams
to help customers define needs and to create systems that meet those needs. The teams include
programmers, salespeople who specialize in client industries, and software designers.
Occasionally sales are lost as a result of confli

1. In general, what skills and abilities do employees need for making ethical decisions about
privacy? What else to they need besides skills and abilities? 2. Suppose you became responsible
for providing training in privacy at Claremont Savings Bank. Describe the training methods you
think would be most effective, and

How can involving employees in the creation of performance standards improve the
effectiveness of a performance management system?

1. Which purposes of performance management did the appraisals described in this case fulfill?
Which purposes did they not fulfill? 2. How can managers and HR departments minimize the
likelihood of disputes arising over whether employees are continuing to perform at the same
level? 3. If you had been in the HR departme

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Give two examples of an administrative decision that would be based on performance

management information. Give two examples of developmental decisions based on this type of
information.

Some organizations set up a selection process that is long and complex. In some people's
opinion, this kind of selection process not only is more valid but also has symbolic value. What
can the use of a long, complex selection process symbolize to job seekers? How do you think this
would affect the organization's abili

How does development differ from training? How does development support career management
in modern organizations?

1. How is training at Jack B. Kelley related to its organizational needs? 2. If you were involved
in preparing JBK’s safety training program, how would you assess employees’ readiness
for training? In what ways can (or does) the company’s work environment support the
training? 3. Do you think e-learning might be
Besides giving employees feedback, what steps can a manager take to improve employees'
performance?

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1. What do you believe to be the principal weakness of the company’s position in this case?
Explain. 2. Did Grimes have the right to request that his fellow employee be present during his
meeting with Lenz? Explain. 3. Does the concept of progressive discipline require an employer
to precede a discharge with a writte

Many employees are unwilling to relocate because they like their current community and family
members prefer not to move. Yet preparation for management requires that employees develop
new skills, strengthen areas of weakness, and be exposed to new aspects of the organization's
business. How can an organization change

In the same transitional matrix, which jobs seem to rely the most on internal recruitment? Which
seem to rely most on external recruitment? Why?

What concerns must a smaller employer address in trying to implement high-performance work
systems? What advantages would a smaller organization have in using such systems?

A member of a restaurant's serving staff is chronically late to work. From the organization's point
of view, what fairness issues are involved in deciding how to handle this situation? In what ways
might the employee's and other servers' ideas of fairness be different?

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1. What kinds of information do you think recruiters can legitimately expect to learn on a social-
networking site? What would they have to learn elsewhere? 2. How do you protect yourself from
appearing unprofessional when you use social-networking sites or other public Internet
communications? Along with inviting appl

1. What do you see as the problems in this case? Explain. 2. Could these problems have been
avoided? How? 3. Comment on the advantages and disadvantages of using peer evaluations in
the appraisal process. 4. What can be done to correct the problem with Marcus Singh? Research
has shown that the performance appraisal pr

1. Imagine that you work in the HR department of a financial services company. How would you
react to an application from a highly skilled employee with experience at Bernard Madoff's firm?
How much would it matter whether you believe the person knew what was going on? How, if at
all, would your response change if you

1. What are the key aspects of Ocean Spray’s high-performance work system? 2. Do you
think the system achieves both internal and external fit? 3. What other HR practices might the
company consider implementing? In the world of beverage plants, this milestone at Ocean’s
Spray’s Henderson, Nevada, plant is virtual

Some organizations have detailed affirmative-action plans, complete with goals and timetables,
for women and minorities, yet have no formal human resource plan for the organization as a
whole. Why might this be the case? What does this practice suggest about the role of human
resource management in these organizations?

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Suppose the managers in your organization tend to avoid delegating projects to the people in
their groups. As a result, they rarely meet their goals. A training needs analysis indicates that an
appropriate solution is training in management skills. You have identified two outside training
programs that are consistent w

1. Why was it a good idea for UPS to put its employees in charge of their own safety? 2. Should
all companies make employees responsible for their own safety? What drawbacks do you see to
such a plan? 3. Do you think UPS could empower its employees to improve their performance in
other areas of the business? What might

1. How well does Gunderson’s development program follow the career management process
described in Figure? Identify any elements of that system that are missing. 2. What measures
would you recommend for determining the success of Gunderson’s developmental effort?
Discuss how well these are aligned with the organiza

1. Based on the information given but in your own words, what are the training objectives for
IBM’s Corporate Service Corps? Based on the information given, how well would you say
the program is meeting those objectives? What additional measures would help you evaluate the
program’s success? 2. Which of the trainin

Give an example of a personnel policy that would help attract a larger pool of job candidates.
Give an example of a personnel policy that would likely reduce the pool of candidates. Would
you expect these policies to influence the quality as well as the number of applicants? Why or
why not?

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1. What criteria should be used to determine potential laid-off candidates? What emphasis, if
any, should be given to non-job-related factors such as personal problems or a spouse’s need
to work? Explain. 2. What should be included in a severance package for laid-off employees?
How long should the severance package l

1. Given the ideas presented about Apple’s strategy, what HR actions would be most suitable
for supporting that strategy? 2. What challenges would you expect to be most significant for
Apple’s HR staff in meeting these human resource requirements? 3. What sources of job
applicants would you recommend that Apple us

1. What aspects (principles, practices, and so on) of high-performance work systems are
represented at Iams? 2. If you were a consultant to this company, what recommendations would
you make to enhance the system? 3. Does anything concern you about what Iams is doing? Why
or why not? Iams Pet Food Company holds quarter

What are the major differences between labor-management relations in Europe and those in the
United States?

A risk of disciplining employees is that some employees retaliate. To avoid that risk, what
organizational policies might encourage low-performing employees to leave while encouraging
high-performing employees to stay?

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What would be the costs to an organization of losing top executives or high-potential employees
as the economy improves? During the recent economic downturn, as companies scrambled to cut
costs wherever they could, many hoped they could count on their top talent to stick around in
spite of the belt tightening- after a

How do you think employee-related outcomes and organizational outcomes are related to one
another? Is it possible to achieve one set of outcomes without the other? Why or why not?

What is the glass ceiling? What are the possible consequences to an organization that has a glass
ceiling? How can employee development break the glass ceiling? Can succession planning help?
Explain.

Job stress and its negative effect on both employees and the organization are a growing concern
for managers and supervisors. As the text discusses, employee distress costs employers
staggering amounts of money in lost productivity, absenteeism, turnover, increased workers’
compensation claims, and healthcare costs.

If the cost of living is lower in a foreign country than in the United States, should expatriates be
paid less than they would be at home? Explain your position. Who should ultimately decide
whether an employee should be localized or not?

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What are the four broad categories of development methods? Why might it be beneficial to
combine all of these methods into a formal development program?

How can organizations improve the effectiveness of their recruiters?

1. If you were a manager at Xerox, what concerns would you have with the way the company
initially implemented high-performance work systems? 2. What role did information technology
play in supporting high-performance work systems? 3. Why do you suppose some Xerox
managers resisted the new systems? One of the largest

1. What can you tell about how Kodak did needs assessment for executive education? What
recommendations would you give June Delano for improving this analysis? 2. From what you
read, what principles of learning do you believe are embedded in the three new programs? 3.
How would you go about evaluating the effectiveness

Nancy Buffett has decided to file a grievance with her union steward. The grievance alleges that
she was “bypassed” by a junior employee for a promotion to senior technician. a. Explain
the steps her grievance will follow in a formal union-management grievance procedure. b.
Should her grievance go to arbitration, e

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What is job evaluation? Explain the differences between the major job evaluation systems,
noting the advantages and disadvantages of each.

Because of competitive forces within your industry, you have decided to implement a profit-
sharing plan for your employees. Discuss the advantages of profit sharing and identify specific
characteristics that will ensure success for your plan.

1. Which training methods described earlier in this chapter appear in these scenes? Link the
training methods discussed to specific moments and examples in the scenes. 2. Did Brian
McCaffrey receive any classroom instruction? 3. Review the earlier section “Phase 4:
Evaluating the Training Program.” Assess the train

What major HR issues must be addressed as an organization moves from an international form to
a multinational, to a global, and to a transnational form?

In recent years we have observed an increase in foreign investment in the United States. What
effect are joint ventures, such as those between General Motors and Toyota and Daimler-Benz
and Chrysler, having on HRM in the United States?

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Tomax Corporation has 400 employees and wishes to develop a compensation policy to
correspond to its dynamic business strategy. The company wishes to employ a high-quality
workforce capable of responding to a competitive business environment. Suggest different
compensation objectives to match Tomax’s business goals.

Contrast the arguments concerning union membership that are likely to be presented by a union
with those likely to be presented by an employer.
A question frequently asked is, “Why is that person paid more than I am when we both
perform the same job?” The answer to this question lies in understanding the components of
the wage mix as discussed in this chapter. While we may disapprove of the idea that someone is
paid more or less than we are for similar wor

1. What role, if any, should Mary’s past work record play in this case? Explain. 2. Does
management have a right to know why employees refuse to work overtime? Explain. 3. Evaluate
the arguments of Mary Schwartz and management in this case. 4. If you were a member of the
company’s peer-review complaint committee, h

What are the reasons behind the different payment methods for sales employees?

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What are the legislative and court restrictions on employer drug testing in both the private and
the public sector?

1. The first section of this chapter, “Employee Benefits Programs,” opened with this
sentence: “Employee benefits constitute an indirect form of compensation intended to
improve the quality of the work lives and the personal lives of employees.” Does this
quotation apply to Erin in this scene? If yes, in what w

Because pay-for-performance is an important factor governing salary increases, managers must

be able to defend the compensation recommendations they make for their employees. Merit
raises granted under a pay-for-performance policy must be based on objective appraisals if they
are to achieve their intended purposes of r

a. What are some of the actions being taken by unions to cope with the contemporary challenges
they face? b. Why have attitudes toward organized labor, on the part of certain segments of our
society, become less favorable than they were in the past?

If you were starting now to plan for a career in international HRM, what steps would you take to
prepare yourself?

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Discuss why documentation is so important to the disciplinary process. What constitutes correct
documentation?

Identify the sources of stress in an organization. a. In what ways do they affect the individual
employee? The organization? b. What can managers and supervisors do to make the workplace
less stressful?

What steps should management take to increase motivation for safety?

Working by yourself, or in a team, identify ethical dilemmas that could arise in the HR areas of
selection, performance appraisal, safety and health, privacy rights, and compensation.

Under the provisions of the Taft-Hartley Act, which unfair labor practices apply to both unions
and employers?

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Discuss the guidelines that performance appraisals should meet in order to be legally defensible.

1. What, if any, violation of the law did Apollo Corporation commit? 2. What arguments will
Jean Lipski and Bob Thomas use to support their cases? 3. List things that managers should not
do lest they commit unfair labor practices. Bob Thomas was discharged after nineteen years as a
plant maintenance engineer with Apol

The negotiations between Data Services International and its union have become deadlocked.
What form of bargaining power does each side possess to enforce its bargaining demands? What
are the advantages and disadvantages of each form of bargaining power for both the employer
and union?

1. What is your perception of the safety of Jimmy’s job and his work environment? What has
management done about job and work environment safety at North Detroit Stamping? 2. Could
this job and work environment create stress for Jimmy and his co-workers? Why or why not?
When you view these scenes, watch for the safe

Explain three areas in which employee rights and employer responsibilities could result in
conflict. How might this conflict arise?

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What analyses should be made to determine the training needs of an organization? After the
needs are determined, what is the next step?

1. This chapter opened with the observation that managers and supervisors find it hard to
discipline employees. Does this observation apply to Mark Steckle? Why or why not? 2. Does
Mark follow the suggestions shown in Figure in trying to end the employment of Dan and
Carter? 3. The earlier section “Disciplinary Po

Three types of appraisal interviews are described in this chapter. a. What different skills are
required for each type of appraisal interview? What reactions can one expect from using these
different skills? b. How can one develop the skills needed for the problem-solving type of
interview? c. Which method do you feel
Indicate what training methods you would use for each of the following jobs. Give reasons for
your choices. a. File clerk b. Computer operator c. Automobile service station attendant d. Pizza
maker e. Nurse’s aide

Describe the characteristics of the ideal appraisal system.

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What are the major purposes of performance appraisal? In what ways might these purposes be
contradictory?

1. What were the goals of Deloitte’s Global Development Program? 2. What were the most
noteworthy features of the program for career development? 3. What concerns do you have as
the company looks toward the future? Although he is based in the medium-sized city of Leon,
northwest of Mexico City, Fabian Gomez spends m

Starbucks is opening new stores abroad every day, it seems. If you were in charge, would you
use expatriate managers or host-country nationals to staff the new facilities? Explain your
thinking.

Prior to 1979, all employers could prescribe a mandatory retirement age—usually 65 years.
What would you think are the advantages and disadvantages of a mandatory retirement age?
What factors may affect an individual’s decision to retire at a particular time, and what
factors may affect his or her ability to adjust

1. Develop a list of competencies needed by employees to facilitate attainment of credit union

strategic goals. 2. Recommend an employee appraisal program to measure identified
competencies. 3. What steps should the credit union adopt to achieve employee acceptance of the
new compensation program? Preferred Credit U

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Describe the basic steps in conducting a wage and salary survey. What are some factors to
consider?

Describe the relationships among performance appraisal and selection, training, and
development.

A frequently heard complaint about merit raises is that they do little to increase employee effort.
What are the causes of this belief? Suggest ways in which the motivating value of merit raises
may be increased.

1. Is Jack Elliot culturally sensitive or culturally insensitive? 2. Does he make any cross-cultural
errors on his arrival in Japan? If yes, what are they? 3. Review the earlier chapter section
“Training and Development.”What type of training would you recommend for Jack Elliot?
This chapter emphasized the importa

What sources could be used to evaluate the performance of people working in the following
jobs? a. Sales representative b. TV repairer c. Director of nursing in a hospital d. HR manager e.
Air traffic controller

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Identify and contrast the various ways employers can control the costs of healthcare.

Many organizations are concerned about the rising cost of employee benefits and question their
value to the organization and to the employees. What can management do to increase the value
to the organization of the benefits provided to employees?

1. Does repatriation represent a good financial strategy for firms with international employees?
2. Besides cost savings, does i2 have anything to gain by repatriating its Indian employees? In an
unusual move, a seriously ailing Dallas software company, i2 Technologies, resettled 209 Indian
engineers, programmers, and

Describe 401(k) pension plans, listing their advantages and disadvantages. As an employee,
would you want control over the investment decisions of your 401(k) plan? Explain.

1. Assume that Freddie Bisco receives a sales incentive for each Ferrari he sells. Does Freddie
appear highly motivated by this incentive reward system? What is the evidence from the scene?
2. Freddie does not work for Frank Slade. Is the $2,000 that Slade gives Freddie the same as a
bonus discussed earlier in this cha

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Federal laws governing compensation raise important issues for both employers and employees.
Discuss the following: a. The effect of paying a prevailing wage as required by the Davis-Bacon
Act. b. The effects of raising the minimum wage.

Discuss ways that employers might seek to restrain the salary budget.

When OSHA was enacted in 1970, it was heralded as the most important new source of
protection for the American worker in the second half of the twentieth century. What opinions
about the effectiveness or the ineffectiveness of the act or its implementation have you heard
from acquaintances who have been affected by it?

1. What do you think are the pros and cons of using a forced-ranking system such as
Siebel’s? 2. Does it make any difference that Siebel develops and sells performance
management software? 3. If you were the owner-CEO of Siebel’s, would it change your view
on forced ranking? Siebel Systems, a U.S.-based developer
Why is employee orientation an important process? What are some benefits of a properly
conducted orientation program?

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What are the pros and cons of trait, behavior, and results appraisals?

Personality tests, like other tests used in employee selection, have been under attack for several
decades. What are some of the reasons why applicants find personality tests objectionable? On
what basis could their use for selection purposes be justified?

1. Do managers like Janis Blancero face a more complicated decision when evaluating the
personal requests of employees versus evaluating employees’ individual work performance?
Explain. 2. a. Should Adobe establish a policy for granting flexible work schedules? Explain. b.
If you answered yes, what might that policy

Employers are required by law to provide specific benefits to employees. What laws mandate
benefits to employees and what are the provisions of those laws?

Working individually or in groups, identify the factors for a successful incentive plan.

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1. Do results from the survey illustrate typical complaints about teams and specifically about
team incentive rewards? Explain. 2. If appropriate, what changes would you recommend to
improve the incentive reward program? Be specific. 3. Would management have benefited from
employee involvement in the initial design and

Describe progressive and positive discipline, noting the differences between these two
approaches.

1. What are the strengths and weaknesses of a balanced scorecard approach to performance
appraisal? 2. Do you think it’s fair to base the bonus paid to BMO’s CEO on the four
indexes comprising the firm’s balanced scorecard? 3. Do you believe that a balanced
scorecard approach would be more effective for the admin

In what ways does the clinical approach to selection differ from the statistical approach? How do
you account for the fact that one approach is superior to the other?

What characteristics do job knowledge and job sample tests have that often make them more
acceptable to the examinees than other types of tests?

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Discuss how you would diagnose poor performance. List several factors to consider.
Managing performance is an important—yet delicate—process for managers to undertake.
They need to make tough calls at times regarding who is performing well or not. Also, they need
to play the role of coach to help each employee improve his or her performance. One of the
toughest aspects of performance management i

A new employee is likely to be anxious the first few days on the job. a. What are some possible
causes of this anxiety? b. How may the anxiety be reduced?

Contrast the differences between straight piecework, differential piece rate, and standard hour
plans. Explain where each plan might best be used.

Compare briefly the major types of employment interviews described in this chapter. Which type
would you prefer to conduct? Why?

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What are the reasons for the success of the Scanlon and Rucker Plans?

What should be the purpose of an investigative interview, and what approach should be taken in
conducting it?

If you were asked to develop a policy on discipline, what topics would you cover in the policy?

1. When conflicting medical opinions are presented, should the advice of a medical expert count
more heavily than the opinion of a general physician? Explain. 2. Is the charge of discrimination
presented by Donald’s lawyer relevant to this case? Explain. Job stress and depression are
significant problems faced by em

Define the employment-at-will doctrine. What are the three major court exceptions to the
doctrine?

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One of the objections to granting wage increases on a percentage basis is that the lowest-paid
employees, who are having the most trouble making ends meet, get the smallest increase, while
the highest-paid employees get the largest increase. Is this objection a valid one? Explain.

1. From your viewing of Part I, how much is Nick Mercer’s job as Kat’s date worth? If
you have seen this film, do not try to recall how much Nick received. 2. The opening of this
chapter includes the following observation: “Employees desire compensation systems that
they perceive as being fair and commensurate wi

What are some of the problems that arise in checking references furnished by job applicants? Are
there any solutions to these problems?
Since employees may differ in terms of their job performance, would it not be more feasible to
determine the wage rate for each employee on the basis of his or her relative worth to the
organization? Explain.

Describe the steps in the traditional organizing drive. What “nontraditional” organizing
tactics are unions using to increase their membership ranks?

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1. Given the facts of this case, should John have been discharged? Explain. 2. Should the sales
representatives of AEM be held to a higher standard of personal conduct than sales
representatives for other types of organizations? Explain. 3. Should management have
considered John’s past work record before deciding on

1. Is recruiting nurses abroad a good idea for U.S. hospitals facing worker shortages? 2. Can you
think of any cultural problems U.S. hospitals might encounter as a result? 3. What long-term
recruiting measures should U.S. hospitals strive for? Registered nurse Carmen Lopez wants a
raise—so she’s leaving Mexico an

1. Identify and discuss concerns managers might have with Lenox’s merit pay plan. What are
the advantages for starting a merit pay program? 2. Why might supervising managers resist a
merit pay program? 3. Develop a program to introduce a pay-for-performance plan in an
organization. Consider what should be covered, wh

Of what significance is the bargaining zone in the conduct of negotiations? What are some
influences affecting negotiated outcomes?

How can performance appraisals be adjusted to include the principles underlying total quality
management (TQM)?

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In many organizations, evaluators submit ratings to their immediate superiors for review before
discussing them with the individual employees they have rated. What advantages are there to this
procedure?

This chapter places considerable emphasis on the role of the spouse in the success of an overseas
manager. What other steps should companies take to increase the likelihood of a successful
experience for all parties involved?

What are some reasons for the implementation of ESOPs? Cite some of the potential problems
concerning their use.

You are a small employer wishing to establish a benefits program for your employees. What
things should you consider to ensure that the program is a success for your employees?
An unhealthy work environment can lower productivity, contribute to low morale, and increase
medical and workers’ compensation costs. Working individually or in teams, list specific
ways managers can a. Accommodate the desires of smokers and nonsmokers b. Reduce the
harmful affects of VDTs c. Address employee fears c

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1. Does Red set clear performance standards for George? If he does, what are they? 2. Red and
George are both jockeys who competed against each other in earlier races. Do these scenes show
peer appraisal or appraisal by people of different rank or position? Which characteristics of the
performance appraisal process doe

Participants in a training course are often asked to evaluate the course by means of a
questionnaire. What are the pros and cons of this approach? Are there better ways of evaluating a
course?

Describe the effects that different components of the cultural environment can have on HRM in
an international firm.

1. What factors should Perkins and Balkin consider when setting the wage for the purchasing
agent position? What resources are available for them to consult when establishing this wage? 2.
Suggest advantages and disadvantages of a pay-for-performance policy for Performance Sports.
3. Suggest a new payment plan for the

1. Which arguments should be given more weight: those based on company policy, the employee
handbook, and the labor agreement, or mitigating factors given by the grievant and his
witnesses? Explain. 2. How might unprofessional conduct be defined? Explain. 3. If you were
the arbitrator, how would you rule in this case?

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In several states employers can require an employee to take a drug test only if there is a
“reasonable cause” for testing. What are some behaviors that would indicate that a worker
may be under the influence of drugs?