Syllabus - Ethics

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School of Arts

& Humanities
Department of Philosophy

7AAN2011 Ethics

Academic year 2013/14 – Semester 1

Basic information
Credits: 20
Module Tutor: Dr Maria Alvarez (maria.alvarez@kcl.ac.uk)
Office: 703; tel. ex. 2383
Consultation time Semester 1: Mondays 15:00

Lecture time and venue: Mondays 13:00; venue tbc


Seminar time and venue: Mondays 14:00; venue tbc

Module description
The module will introduce students to various contemporary problems in moral philosophy, the ethical theories that
address them and the historical and intellectual origins of these theories. The course will examine continuing debates
about moral rationality, focusing on the relation between ethics, reason and the will, with special attention to the
nature of moral reasons, the possible sources of motivation to act morally, and to the relationship between the will
and moral responsibility.

Additional information
The initial lecture hour will be shared with students taking 5AANB006 Ethics II: Contemporary Ethical
Philosophy, but they will otherwise be subject to different requirements
Students who would like to do more ethics might also consider 7AAN2013 Ethics of Science & Technology
and/or 7AAN2040 Kant II: Moral Philosophy in the second semester

Module aims
To introduce students to a range of positions in contemporary ethical debates, and to give them the resources to be
able to investigate the nature of ethical thought and its place in human life.

Learning outcomes
By the end of the module, the students will be able to demonstrate intellectual, transferable and practicable skills
appropriate to a level-7 module and in particular will be able to demonstrate that they have:

A capacity for ethical argument


A knowledge of the main ethical theorists in the western philosophical tradition, and the relations between
them
An understanding of the nature of some central problems in moral philosophy
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Familiarity with and an informed evaluation of a number of attempts to solve the philosophical problems
under discussion.
An ability to relate the questions discussed to the work of philosophers studied on other papers
A capacity to read with great care and reflect upon some difficult texts

Teaching Arrangements
1 hour weekly lecture and 1 hour weekly seminar

Assessment methods and deadlines


Formative assessment: 2 essays X 1,500-2000 words each due by the end of semester
Summative assessment: one x two-hour end of year examination

Formative essays must be completed by the deadline in order to receive feedback. This feedback is crucial for your
summative assessment.

Lecture Schedule

Week 1 (30th September): Introduction: Ethics, Reasons and the Will


- What is ethics? What is the connection between reasons, the will and ethics?
Reading:
Williams, B. Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy, Routlede (1993), esp. ch.1.

(Part I – Ethics and Reasons)


Week 2 (7th October): What are Reasons?
- What are reasons and why do they matter to ethics?
Reading:
Dancy, J. ‘Reasons for Action’ in his Practical Reality, (OUP, 2000), Ch.1
Alvarez, M., ‘How Many Kinds of Reasons?’, Philosophical Explorations 12 (2): 181-193.

Week 3 (14th October): Moral Facts


-Are there Moral Facts? If so, how can we know them?
Reading: (tbc)

Week 4 (21st October): Reasons and Motivation


- What is the ‘force’ of saying that someone has a reason to do something? When is this true?
Reading:
Williams, B., ‘Internal and External Reasons’ in his Making Sense of Humanity; (also, helpful his ‘External
Reasons and the Obscurity of Blame’).
Hooker, B., ‘Williams’ Argument Against External Reasons’, Analysis 47, No. 1 (1987), 42-44.

Week 5 (28th October): Morality and Rationality


- Is morality a matter of rationality?
Page 2
McDowell, J., ‘Might There Be External Reasons?’, in Altham & Ross (eds.), World, Mind and Ethics: Essays on
the Ethical Philosophy of Bernard Williams, (1994).
Foot, P., ‘Rationality and Goodness’, Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplementary Volume, (2004) 54: 1-13.

READING WEEK 4th-8th November – NO LECTURES OR SEMINARS

Week 6 (11th November): The Moral ‘Ought’


- Are there specifically moral reasons? If so, is there a distinctive moral ‘ought’?
Reading:
Anscombe, G. E. M., 1958. ‘Modern Moral Philosophy’, Philosophy 33: 1-19.
Crisp, R., ‘Does Modern Moral Philosophy Rest on a Mistake?’, Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplementary
Volume, (2004) 54: 75-93.

(Part II Ethics and the Will)


Week 7 (18th November): Moral Responsibility
- What are the conditions for moral responsibility?
Reading:
Strawson, P., ‘Freedom and Resentment’, in his Freedom and Resentment & Other Essays, (1974), ch1.
Hart, H. L. A. ‘Postscript: Responsibility and Retribution’ in his Punishment and
Responsibility, OUP, 1968.

Week 8 (25th November): Responsibility and Control


- What kind of control is required for moral responsibility?
Reading:
Frankfurt, H., ‘Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility’, The Journal of Philosophy, (1969), 66: 829-839.
Alvarez, M., ‘Actions, Thought Experiments, and the ‘Principle of Alternate Possibilities’, Australasian Journal
of Philosophy (2009), 87 (1):61 – 81.

Week 9 (2nd December): Moral Responsibility and Autonomy


- What kind of freedom of the will is required for moral responsibility?
Reading:
Frankfurt, H., ‘Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person’, The Journal of Philosophy , (1971), 68: 5-20.
Williams, B., ‘Moral Incapacity’ Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, (1993) 93:59-70.

Week 10 (10th December): Moral Responsibility and Luck


- How, if at all, does luck affect moral responsibility? And if it does, what kinds of luck affect moral responsibility?
Reading:
Williams, B., ‘Moral Luck’ in his Moral Luck, 1981 (CUP), ch.2.
Nagel, E., ‘Moral Luck’ in his Mortal Questions, (CUP), ch.3.

Suggested Essay Questions


The questions below each topic can be used as essay questions. Here are others:
- Are you necessarily irrational if you are not motivated to do what you believe you ought to do?
- What, if any, is the relationships between practical reasoning and moral reasoning?
- Does moral responsibility that we have alternative possibilities? Why?
- Can we be blamed for things that are beyond our control? Why?
You may choose a different essay question but it should be agreed with the module convenor.

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Further Reading
There is no textbook for this module but some of the books mentioned in the weekly topics may give useful
background. In addition, further reading for each topic will be given weekly. Please check the lecture handouts
posted on KEATS for details.

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