How Diabetes Causes Muscle Loss: SORIANO, Andrea S. Bsn-Iii Benner

SORIANO, Andrea S.
BSN-III BENNER
HOW DIABETES CAUSES MUSCLE LOSS

Muscle mass decline associated with ageing impairs our physical activity, making us
susceptible to a variety of health problems and thus leading to shortened lifespans. Age-
dependent muscle mass decline and the consequent impairment of physical activity is
known as "sarcopenia," a serious health burden in aging societies.
We already knew that patients with diabetes mellitus are prone to muscle loss as they
age, but an underlining mechanism for this phenomenon remains unclear. Diabetes
mellitus is a disease caused by insufficient action of the hormone insulin. Insulin not only
lowers blood sugar levels, but promotes the growth and proliferation of cells; insufficient
action of insulin has been thought to result in the suppression of growth and proliferation
of muscle cells, which in turn contribute to the decline in skeletal muscle mass.
Professor Ogawa's research team made the surprising discovery that a rise in blood
sugar levels triggers the decline in muscle mass, and uncovered the important roles of
two proteins in this phenomenon. They found that the abundance of transcription factor
KLF15 increased in skeletal muscle of diabetic mice, and mice that lack KLF15
specifically in muscle were resistant to diabetes-induced skeletal muscle mass decline.
These results indicate that diabetes-induced muscle loss is attributable to increased
amounts of KLF15.
The team investigated the mechanism for how the abundance of KLF15 is increased in
skeletal muscle of diabetic mice. They found that elevation of blood sugar levels slows
down the degradation of KLF15 protein, which leads to an increased amount of this
protein. Professor Ogawa's team also discovered that a protein called WWP1 plays a
key role in regulating the degradation of KLF15 protein.
WWP1 is a member of proteins called ubiquitin ligase. When a small protein called
"ubiquitin" binds to other proteins, the degradation of the ubiquitin-bound proteins is
accelerated. Under normal conditions, WWP1 promotes the degradation of KLF15
protein by binding ubiquitins to KLF15, keeping cellular KLF15 abundance low. When
blood sugar levels rise, the amount of WWP1 decreases, which in turn decelerates the
degradation of KLF15 and thus the increase in the cellular abundance of KLF15.
This study uncovered for the first time that elevation of blood sugar levels triggers
muscle mass decline, and that the two proteins WWP1 and KLF15 contribute to
diabetes-induced muscle mass decline.
As well as diabetes mellitus, other conditions such as physical inactivity or ageing result
in muscle mass loss. The proteins KLF15 and WWP, which have been shown to
contribute to diabetes-induced muscle mass loss, may also be related to other causes of
muscle loss. Currently, no drug is available for the treatment of muscle loss. Professor
Ogawa comments: "If we develop a drug that strengthens the function of WWP1 or
weakens the function of KLF15, it would lead to a groundbreaking new treatment."
Summary:
Diabetes is associated with various health problems including decline in skeletal
muscle mass. A research group revealed that elevation of blood sugar levels
leads to muscle atrophy and that two proteins play key roles in this phenomenon.
Reaction:
In essence, the ultimate goal of diabetes care is to enhance the quality of

life of patients and their feelings. Patients’ perceptions and experiences tended to
intertwine with their quality of life and the condition of their illnesses. This
complexity is very much translated into patients’ help-seeking behavior, such as
trying different treatment regimes including home-made remedies, traditional
herbs or changing their dietary intake. Diabetes is a huge problem globally as
well as locally. As such, if the quality of life is not addressed properly, holistic
care will not be successful. Hence, understanding a patient’s reaction to the
diagnosis and its management allows health care providers to empathize with
them and plan an optimal strategy to help patients cope with diabetes. This in-
depth information could be used to provide more patient- centered information for
diabetes care to clinicians. Awareness on help-seeking behavior among patients
with DM can benefit policy makers to design diabetes programs. Patients and
family members too, can benefit by learning from others on overcoming their fear
of diabetes.
Reference:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2019/02/190222101309.htm

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SORIANO, Andrea S.

HOW DIABETES CAUSES MUSCLE LOSS

In essence, the ultimate goal of diabetes care is to enhance the quality of

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