1 (a Any three from:

same general formula;

consecutive members differ by CH2;
similar chemical properties;
same functional group;
physical properties vary in a predictable way / give trend such as mp increases with n; [3]

(b)
b) they have the same molecular formula; [1]
not: general formula
different structures / structural formulae; [1]

(ii) CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3 / (CH3)3C-OH -OH

allow: butan-2-ol and 2-methylpropan-2-ol

(c)
c) (acidified) potassium manganate(VII) [1
allow: oxygen / air / (acidified) potassium chromate(VI)

(ii) carboxylic acid [1]

allow: aldehyde / ketone

(iii) CH3-CH2-CH2-COOH / C3H7COOH / C4H8O2 [1]

allow: C4H7OOH
allow: ecf on (c)(ii)

(d)
d) ( measure volume of gas; [1]
measure time; [1]

(ii) increase in temperature / more yeast present / yeast multiplies [1]

(iii) glucose used up; [1]

concentration of ethanol high enough to kill yeast; [1]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 2(a)(i) Any three from:
same general formula;
contain the same functional group;
consecutive members differ by CH2;
common methods of preparation;
same or similar chemical properties;
physical properties vary in a predictable manner / show trends / show a I different physical properties / physical
gradual change / an example of a physical variation e.g. mpt, bpt volatility properties change / an unqualified or slight
viscosity; 3 change
R same or similar physical properties
(a)(ii) / propan-1-ol / propan-2-ol; 1
(a)(iii) if molecular formula is given as C10H22O award 2 marks A C10H21OH for two marks

if not, look for evidence of some correct working for one mark 2 A (10 × 12) + (22 × 1) + 16 = 158 for one
158 – 17 = 141 (working) mark
OR
12n + 2n + 1 = 141
OR
n = 10
(b) they have the same molecular formula (C4H10O); A same number of each type of atom
I same number of atoms

different structures; 2 A different structural formula or different

arrangement of atoms

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 (c)(i) M1 butene or but-1-ene; M1 and M2 are independent
A but-2-ene for M1

M2 structural formula of but-1-ene; 2 Minimum acceptable structure is

CH3CH2CH=CH2
Double bond must be shown
R structure of but-2-ene for M2
(c)(ii) butyl ethanoate; 1 A butanyl
R ethenoate and ethanoic
(c)(iii) butanoic acid; A butyric acid
structural formula of butanoic acid; 2 Minimum acceptable structure is
CH3CH2CH2CO2H
A CH3CH2CH2COOH with C–HO
connectivity in acid group

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
Question Answer Marks Guidance

3(a)(i) living/organism or named example e.g. yeast / cells / plants / animals / part of A ‘we / us’ for ‘humans’
animal or plant e.g. muscle / humans / micro-organisms;

produces / releases or gain or obtain energy / exothermic / heat;

from food / named foodstuff / carbohydrate / named carbohydrate / sugar / 3 I products / breathing / oxygen / anaerobic /
named sugar / glucose / nutrients; aerobic

(a)(ii) Any 2 from 3:

carbon dioxide / CO2; 1
water / H2O;
adenosine triphosphate / ATP; I energy
(a)(iii) biological catalyst or protein catalyst; 1 biocatalyst / living biological catalyst
(a)(iv) answer must include both measuring the time and measuring a relevant Examples:
quantity; A time taken for lime water to turn milky
OR alternatively measuring the time taken for something to happen; A time taken for bubbling to stop / gas stop
being evolved
alternatives to time are: units of time / apparatus to measure time / regular A count bubbles per minute
intervals / how long A measure temperature (change) with time
R time taken for reaction to end
examples of relevant quantities are: R measure carbon dioxide / gas with time (no
(Increase in / decrease in) amount / mass / volume / bubbles of carbon reference to amount)
dioxide / bubbles of gas
OR (Increase in / decrease in) mass of apparatus; 1
(b) (i) tempe increase / heat increase / warmer / high temperature / exothermic / R yeast was added
more yeast / yeast reproduces / yeast increases / yeast multiplies; 1
(b)(ii) more yeast / yeast reproduces / increases / multiplies; 1 yeast was added

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 Question Answer Marks Guidance

(b)(iii) all glucose or reactant(s) reacted

OR no glucose or reactant(s) left
OR glucose or reactant(s) used up / finished / runs out / reacted completely / I glucose or reactants reacted / stopped
fully reacted; reacting

yeast (cells) dies

OR enzymes denatured R enzyme dies / yeast denatures
OR ethanol is toxic to yeast / ethanol kills yeast; 2 R yeast used up
(c) Any two from: I medicine (unqualified) / chemical feedstock
fuel;
OR petrol additive;
OR solvent / tinctures;
OR (making) perfumes;
OR varnishes;
OR preserving biological specimens / preserving food;
OR essence / flavourings;
OR antiseptic / kill bacteria (in medicine) / sterilizer;
OR antitussive agent;
OR (in) disinfectant / hand sanitizer;
OR to make esters / esterification;
OR to make ether(s);
OR to make amines;
OR to make carboxylic acid(s) / vinegar / ethanoic acid;
OR thermometers;
OR alcohol lamp / spirit burners;
OR any other suitable use; 2

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
 Question Answer Marks Guidance

(d) I fractional distillation / distillation wherever

mentioned

cracking / crack; I catalytic / thermal + other conditions

(hexane to obtain) ethene / C2H4 ; Ethene / C2H4 can be given in either equation
whether the equation is otherwise correct or
not

C6H14 → C2H4 + C4H10 ; I state symbols

A multiples / other equations e.g.
C6H14 → 3C2H4 + H2
C6H14 → 2C2H4 + C2H6
C6H14 → C2H4 + C4H8 + H2
A any correct equations in which carbon is
produced e.g. C6H14 → 2C2H4 + 2C + 3H2

hydration (of ethene) / hydrate / hydrated or add(ition of) water / add(ition of) A additional
steam / addition; I conditions / react with water

C2H4 + H2O → C2H5OH ; 5 I C2H6O / state symbols

A multiples

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
4 (a (i) butanoic acid [1]
methanol [1]

(ii) number of moles of ethanoic acid = 0.1 [1]

number of moles of ethanol = 0.12(0) [1]
the limiting reagent is ethanoic acid [1]
number of moles of ethyl ethanoate formed = 0.1 [1]
maximum yield of ethyl ethanoate is 8.8 g [1

(b) correct ester linkage [1]

two ester linkages (COND on M1) [1]
continuation (COND on M2) [1]

(c)
c) add bromine water/bromine [1]
turns colourless [1]
remains brown/orange/reddish brown/yellow [1]

ALLOW: potassium manganate(VII) (acidic or alkaline) [1]

correct colour colourless/green or brown ppt [1]
stays pink/purple [1]

(ii) ester 1 [1]

COND alkyl group is CnH2n+1 which is NOT C17H33
or C17H35 is CnH2n+1 or less hydrogen [1]

arb
(iii) soap or (sodium) salt (of a carboxylic acid) or carboxylate

alcohol [1]

[Total: 17]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
5 (a (i) CH3COOCH2CH3 / CH3CO2CH2CH3 / CH3COOC2H5 / CH3CO2C2H5 /
C2H5OOCCH3 / CH3CH2OOCCH3 not: –OCO– linkage [1]
note: formulae can be displayed or semi-displayed
note: penalise sticks (i.e. any missing atoms)

(ii) butyl methanoate [1]

(b) (i) fats / vegetable oils / triglycerides / lipids [1]

(ii) two correct ester linkages, e.g. –OOC / –O2C and –COO / –CO2 [1]

contents of the ‘boxes’ being C6H4 and C2H4 or CH2CH2 [1]

continuation bonds at both ends [1]

(c) (i) to make colourless / invisible (spots) [1]

visible / coloured / seen / position made clear / indicate [1]

(ii) distance travelled by sample = Rf [1]

distance travelled by solvent (front)

(iii) sample 1 Rf = 0.20 to 0.24 tartaric (acid) [1]

sample 2 Rf = 0.44 to 0.48 malic (acid) [1]

PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com