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    Historical Linguistics Gege

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    Anggre Oktarind
    Historical Linguistics adalah sejarah dari bahasa atau linguistik yaitu ilmu bahasa dimana kita mempelajari seluk beluk bahasa

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    Historical Linguistics Gege

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    Anggre Oktarind
    55 views3 pages
    Historical Linguistics adalah sejarah dari bahasa atau linguistik yaitu ilmu bahasa dimana kita mempelajari seluk beluk bahasa

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Historical Linguistics adalah sejarah dari bahasa atau linguistik yaitu ilmu bahasa dimana kita mempelajari seluk beluk bahasa

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    55 views3 pages

    Historical Linguistics Gege

    Uploaded by

    Anggre Oktarind
    Historical Linguistics adalah sejarah dari bahasa atau linguistik yaitu ilmu bahasa dimana kita mempelajari seluk beluk bahasa

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Historical Linguistics

    Historical linguistics is at earlier stages of language development and at


    processes leading to change and finally to language as we have it today. Its aims
    are twofold at least: analyzing and describing the historical status of language(s)
    and analyzing and describing patterns of change and development that help explain
    language history and also ongoing processes in language today.

    Historical linguistics is the study of not only the history of languages, as the
    name implies, but also the study of how languages change, and how languages are
    related to one another. It might seem at first that this would be a rather dull,
    uneventful field of study, but that is far from the truth. The main job of historical
    linguists is to learn how languages are related. Generally, languages can be shown
    to be related by having a large number of words in common that were not
    borrowed (cognates). Languages often borrow words from each other, but these are
    usually not too difficult to tell apart from other words. When a related group of
    languages has been studied in enough detail, it is possible to know almost exactly
    how most words, sounds, and grammar rules have changed in the languages.
    People have thought about the origin of languages for a long, long time. The
    early ideas about language where at best obvious (realizing that two very similar
    languages were related) or lucky guesses, at worst dead wrong, and almost always
    ethno-centric (only paying attention to nearby languages. One of the earliest
    observations about language was by the Romans. They noticed that Latin and
    Greek were similar. However, they incorrectly assumed that Latin came from
    Greek. The reality is that both came from Indo-European. More on that later.

    In the beginning, that is from the late 18th century on, historical linguistics
    was a mainly comparative field of study, looking at related languages,
    establishing language families by using e.g. the family tree model and
    (re-)constructing earlier stages of language based on results of comparative work.
    By gathering lists of cognate words (see below), that is words with a common root
    and similar form and meaning in various languages, proto-languages were
    reconstructed.

    Early and famous comparative work was conducted by the Englishman Sir
    William Jones, who compared Sanskrit and European languages, establishing the
    Indo-European language family (see image below), to which also English and
    German belong, both being part of the (West-)Germanic sub-branch.

    Cognates in Indo-European …

    Sanskrit English German

    PITAR FATHER VATER

    BHRATHAR BROTHER BRUDER

    … and in the West-Germanic sub-branch:

    English German Dutch

    THREE DREI DRIE

    MONTH MONAT MAAND

    When Europeans started travelling to India about 300 years ago, they
    noticed that Sanskrit, the ancient literary language of India, was similar to Greek,
    Latin, and other languages of Europe. In the late 18th century, it was first correctly
    theorized that Sanskrit and the languages of Europe had all come from the same
    language, but that that language was no longer living. This was the beginning of
    Indo-European. Since then, many languages from all over the world have been
    studied, and we are starting to get a good idea of how all the world's languages
    may be related.

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