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Description of Flow:: CRT Lab

This document provides an overview of a batch enzyme reactor unit used to catalyze the conversion of D-glucose to D-fructose. The reactor contains immobilized glucose isomerase enzyme retained in a basket impeller. Equipment includes a stirred reactor vessel, peristaltic pump, heat exchanger, and polarimeter to measure reaction progress. The polarimeter detects the angle of rotation of polarized light caused by sugar solutions, allowing monitoring of glucose to fructose conversion. Standard operating procedures are described for setup, priming, startup, and shutdown of the batch reactor system.

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Atif Mehfooz
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52 views

Description of Flow:: CRT Lab

This document provides an overview of a batch enzyme reactor unit used to catalyze the conversion of D-glucose to D-fructose. The reactor contains immobilized glucose isomerase enzyme retained in a basket impeller. Equipment includes a stirred reactor vessel, peristaltic pump, heat exchanger, and polarimeter to measure reaction progress. The polarimeter detects the angle of rotation of polarized light caused by sugar solutions, allowing monitoring of glucose to fructose conversion. Standard operating procedures are described for setup, priming, startup, and shutdown of the batch reactor system.

Uploaded by

Atif Mehfooz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CRT LAB

Introduction:

The batch enzyme reactor unit is equipped with a batch vessel which is agitated by a
basket agitator in which immobilized enzyme glucose isomerase, is retained. The enzyme
catalyses the conversion of D-glucose to D-fructose a reaction which is commercially important.
Enzyme immobilization is widely used in industry since it allows easy re-use of what can be a
relatively expensive catalyst.

EQUIPMENT DESCRIPTION:
Description of flow:
The batch enzyme reaction takes place in a stirred vessel. Immobilizes enzyme is loaded
into the basket impeller. The basket allows the free access to liquid in the reactor but retains the
enzyme. The reactor is loaded with a glucose solution of known concentration. The temperature is
maintained by two cartridge heaters. A peristaltic pump is sited behind the reactor to taken the
process sample continuously. This material is first pumped to a coiled tubular exchanger to reduce
the temperature to close to 20 c prior to entry into the polarimeter where the angle of rotation of
polarizer light is determined. The process liquid is the send back to the reactor vessel. The
temperature of the sample stream is controlled by adjusting the mains water flow rate through the
cooling chamber. At the end of the experiment liquid can be drained from the vessel by opening
the valve and operating the peristaltic pump.

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CRT LAB

The unit consists of:

-Control console
Sensor displays and controls are mounted on the control console. Displays include reactor
temperature, optical transmition, polarimeter temperature and the angle of rotation of the
polarimeter. Control buttons of control console and peristaltic pump is also provided on console.
There is also a liquid level warning light for the reactor.

-Reactor vessel
The reactor vessel is made from clear acrylic and is stirred from above. The impeller is a
cruciform basket inside of which is ret6ained the immobilized enzyme. The mesh of the basket
retains the enzyme but allow free entry of liquid.the reactor contains two 250W heaters to
maintain the reaction temperature there is also a temperature sensor and level sensor. For the
safety and protection of equipment the heaters operation is only possible when the level sensor is
detects the level and when the stirrer is switched on. Otherwise with the heaters on and stirred off
then point boiling would occur around the heaters.

-Circulation pump
A peristaltic pump is installed behind the reactor to taken the sample and send to the
polarimeter to check the conversion. The pump is run continuously during an experiment so that

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CRT LAB

the sugar concentration can be determined at any point. The pump is operated in high speed and
control from the console.

-Heat exchanger
The process stream is pumped from the reactor to the heat exchanger where it is cooled to
20 c which is the stander temperature for polarimetry measurement. Temperature can be measure
by sensor T2. The heat exchanger is fed with mains water and a pressure reducing valve allows the
flow to be regulated in order to reach temperature. It is best to set the cool water flow rate by
adjusting the water regulator valve to give a polarimeter temperature T2 of 20 C. it will be
necessary to compensate for temperature variations.

-Polarimeter
The enzyme reaction involves the conversion of glucose to fructose and this is monitored
by measuring the angle of rotation of polarized light. One of the physical characteristics of sugar
solution is their ability to rotate planes of polarized light. The polarimeter consists of two
polarizing lenses upper analyzer and lower polariser. A flow tube through a sample from the
reactor is circulated an inclinometer which measures the angle of rotation and an optical emitter
that shines light through the two polarizing lenses and the flow tube.

A polarizing lens is a type of filter that consist of opaque parallel lines that are very close
together. Thus only planes of light parallel to the lines of the lens are able to pass through. There
are two polarizing lenses. When the second lens is orientated in the same direction as the first lens
then almost all the light that passes through the e first lens will also pass the second lens and be
seen by the detector and thus the optical transmission is maximum. When the second lens is
oriented 90 to the first lens in theory all the light that pass through the first lens will be blocked by
the second lens. When the lenses are orientated in this way then the optical transmition ois at a
minimum.

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CRT LAB

Preparation of materials:

Preparation of glucose solution of particular concentration: To


prepare 1 L of glucose of concentration 20 % w/v we prepare 430 ml of glucose stock and 570 ml
of buffer.
So we use 10g of glucose added in 500ml of distilled water to make the volume of glucose stock
and also added 3g of magnesium sulphate in 600ml of distilled water to make the volume of
buffer. Then we take 430 ml of glucose solution and 570 ml of buffer solution and both mixed-up
to make 20 % w/v solution of glucose.
NaOH 10 % w/w is used in buffer solution to adjust the ph to 8.5 and for the preparation of this
solution we added 10 g of NaOH in 90 ml of distilled water.
This is our desired solution to performing the practical of batch enzyme reactor.

Priming the reactor and sample loop:


The system is required 1 lit of solution to operate. The product loop drain and the heat
exchanger valves are closed. Fill the feed tank with deionized water until the level sensor LED
stops flashing. Set the circulation pump to high. This should prime the sample loop and flush out
any air bubbles. Remove the polarimeter cover by releasing the rubber and ensure that the air
bubbles trapped inside the glass tube.
When operating the system with water in the flow cell then there is no rotation of
polarized light and thus the maximum optical transmition occurs when the two lenses are oriented
the same way. Adjust the hand wheel so that the measured angle of rotation is 0.0 degree. Now
adjust the polarizer lens to in order to maximize the optical transmission. The point of exercise is
to set the zero calibration with water which does not rotate the polarized light and then later
compare the rotation with glucose and fructose relative to this point.

START UP:
Ensure that the product loop drain valve and the heat exchanger valve is closed. Turn on
the circuit breakers at the rear of the unit and turn on the on/off switch on the front of the unit. The
level warning light for the reactor vessel should flash. Then on the reactor agitator and then turn
on the heaters. At last press the pump button to start it.

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CRT LAB

SHUT DOWN
 Turn off the water supply to the heat exchanger by closing the flow regulator valve.
 Turn off the reactor vessel stirrer from the control consol.
 Open the drain valve of heat exchanger to drain the water and then open the product loop drain
valve.
 Pump is keeping turn on until the reactor vessel is empty.
 At last turn off the on/off switch.

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