9

English
Quarter 1 – Module 1 Lesson
2 It’s a Must

Page 1 of 15
English – Grade 9
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Lesson 2 It’s a Must

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of
the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every
effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their
respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership
over them.

Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writers: AL BAMBINO M. CAMINO

Editors: VENUS V. LAMADRID

Reviewer: EMMA V. DASCO

Illustrator: JHOSA DYAN AZAÑA & LOYD WILLIAM F. ROSALIN

Layout Artist: AILEEN R. BERNAL

Page 2 of 15
MODULE 1 Lesson 2
I. Introduction
The lesson prepared for you in this module will
highlight universal human values that remain the same
throughout the years. This will guide you in your journey
through life and will help you realize that no matter how
different you might become in the future, your value
system should remain intact the way you think, speak and
interact with others.

II. Objectives:

Competency: Express permission, obligation, and prohibition

using modals

a. Identify modals of obligation in the sentence.

b. Write a paragraph using modals of obligation.
c. Use modals of obligation in expressing meaningful utterances.

III. Vocabulary List:

1. cohesion – noun: the act or state of sticking together tightly

2. flexibility – noun: capability to adapt to new, different, or

changing requirements

3. communication – noun: a process by which information is

exchanged between individuals through a common system of
symbols, signs, or behavior

4. thrive – verb: to grow vigorously, to gain in wealth or possessions, to progress

toward or realize a goal despite or because of circumstances

5. chaotic – adjective: marked by chaos or being in a state of chaos: completely

confused or disordered

6. obligation - noun: the action of obligating (to commit) oneself to a course of

action
*Definitions are taken from Merriam-Webster

Page | 1
IV. Pre-Test

Directions: Write the missing word in each sentence.

Choose from the modal verbs in the box below.

must/have to should/ought to

1. As a citizen of our country, you _ _ abide by and follow the law.

2. You try to get enough rest, you still have a lot of work to do
tomorrow.
3. You _ see a doctor at once!
4. It's raining hard, the children _ come indoors.
5. You _ _ arrive on time; otherwise the bus will leave even
without you.

V. Learning Activities

Get that Issue!

Directions: Read the article provided for you here. Find out what
the article is all about.

What should make up a strong family that possesses good family values? It is
the family that sustains its members, that supports and nourishes each other
throughout the span of that family. A strong family unit has to create a safe, positive
and supportive place for all members to thrive. They are able to utilize resources and
to live together in a fairly healthy manner.
The adults in a strong family set the tone. They are good role models that lead
by example. They reach out to friends and community and teach their children the
importance of doing the same -- and that becomes part of who the children are. They
work together to solve problems, and they pass their skills on to the next generation.
Some important elements of a strong family system are family cohesion, family
flexibility and family communication.
Cohesion- In families, cohesion would be defined as the feeling of being loved, of
belonging to the group and being nurtured by it. Although closeness is good in a
family
unit, there must be a balance between being together and being separate. A person
must be able to develop their individuality, while being supported and confident
within the family. A few things that bring a family together are the commitment of
other family members, and the spending of time together.
Flexibility- There must be a structure in a family or it will become chaotic and will
not be a peaceful setting for a family. Conversely, there must be flexibility or the
family becomes rigid and the authority figures are resented. We could compare a
successful family to a democracy. There are leaders, but the whole group is involved
in the decision making process. Although the leaders are in charge all members
develop the ability to cope with stress, and at times lead. While the family works to
avoid stressful situations they work together to solve problems, without blaming,
criticizing and finding fault with each other. Families that tend to have a strong
spiritual base seem to have a sense of well-being that facilitates this working
together in times of stress.
Communication- Ever hear the saying, "What we have here is a failure to
communicate?" A lack of communication can rip a family apart and destroy them.
Things that facilitate communication are the things mentioned so far -- family
closeness, flexibility, time spent together, spirituality. All members must feel a
freedom within the group to express themselves freely.
Another very important factor is the relationship between the "head" couple. In
a family that is parented by a happily married couple, people are able to express
themselves more freely. What they might say isn't filtered through the problems of
the "guardians." A happy marriage seems to set the tone in the house. It spills over
from the family to the community and a healthy family will be reaching out to help
others. They do not tend to isolate themselves from the rest of the world.
A very important thing for families to teach their children is how to make good
decisions. If they have watched their parents making well thought out decisions over
the years, they will tend to be good decision makers themselves.
A healthy, happy family benefits our whole society. Among the children of
strong families there is less crime, less divorce and less emotional problems. They
tend to go on and have strong, healthy families of their own, having learned from
their folk's example.
Source: http://www.essortment.com/family-values-39982.html

Model Your Modals

Below are sentences taken from the article you have just read.
1. A strong family unit has to create a safe, positive and supportive place for
all members to thrive.
2. There must be a structure in a family or it will become chaotic and will not be a
peaceful setting for a faily.
3. All members must feel the freedom within the group to express themselves freely.
4. A person must be able to develop his individuality by gaining support and
trust from the family.

Guide Questions:
a. What do the underlined words do in the statements?
b. What do they express?
c. When do we usually use them?
d. What are they called?

There are two types of modal verbs of obligation ;

those that primarily express a firm obligation or necessity - must and have to
those that express a recommendation or moral obligation - should and ought to

Firm obligation, etc. - must and have to

The verb must only exists in the simple present and present perfect forms.
While the present form can express obligation, necessity, certainty or
strong probability, the present perfect forms only express a strongly felt opinion
or supposition.

All
Present Present perfect
persons

Affirmative must must have

Negative must not, mustn't must not have, mustn't have

If other tenses are required, the speaker or writer must use forms of the
synonymous modal verb "have to". This modal auxiliary has all normal tenses,
including progressive or continuous forms; these are not common, but need to be
used in some cases.
Form / tense Present Present perfect Past Future
has to, has had to
Affirmative: had to will have to
have to have had to
does not have
did not have
to,
has not had to to will not have to
Negative; do not have to ,
have not had to didn't have to won't have to
doesn't have to
*
don't have to

has been having

am having to was having to
Progressive or to will be having
is having to, were having
continuous have been having to
are having to to
to

* The form "had not to" is sometimes used, but it is generally considered to be
archaic.

In spoken English, and in the present form only, have to is often substantiated
by the word got;
For example an alternative to I have to is I've got to.

Examples of must and have to being used to express:

a. Firm obligation or necessity
a1) You must see a doctor at once!
a2) I have to be at school tomorrow at 8 a.m. I have an exam!
a2.1) I've got to be at school tomorrow at.....
a3) You mustn't touch that plate, it's too hot.
a4) I had to see a doctor, because I felt very sick.
a5) I had to break the window! I lost my key!
a6) The manager isn't here, he's had to go to Paris on urgent business.
a7) Tomorrow the President will have to open Parliament.
a8) She's having to move because she can't stand the noise.
a9) I'm having to take out this detonator very slowly, to avoid an explosion.
a10) Oh you're so kind! You didn't have to do it as well as that!

b. Certainty or strong probability

b1) He must be over eighty, he was born in 1930.
b2) If my brother's not in Manila, he has to be in Laguna.
b3) I've got all the right answers, I must be one of the winners!
 b4) If I remember correctly, it has to be here.

c. Must have only: supposition

c1) I can't find my laptop, I must have left it in the jeepney.
c2) If they're out, they mustn't have heard the news.

Attention!
Take care to distinguish correctly between "had to" and "must have"
They had to go to Manila.
= They were obliged to go to Manila.

They must have gone to Manila.

= In my opinion, they have certainly gone to Manila.

Recommendation or moral obligation - should and ought to

The verb should only exists in the simple present, and present perfect forms
Forms of should

All persons Present Present perfect

Affirmative should should have

Negatve should not, shouldn't should not have, shouldn't have

The verb ought to only exists in simple present and present perfect forms Forms
of ought to

All persons Present Present perfect

Affirmative ought to ought to have

Negative ought not to, oughtn't to ought not to have, oughtn't to have

Should and ought to are more or less synonymous

Examples:
a1) You should stop smoking ( = You ought to stop smoking.)
a2) It's raining hard, the children ought to come indoors.
a3) I didn't know you were married! You ought to have told me!
a4) If you'd wanted to succeed, you should have worked harder at school.
a5) This pullover's got holes in it, I should get a new one.
a6) This pullover's got holes in it, I ought to get a new one.
a7) That's awful! You really oughtn't to have done that, you know!
Source: http://www.essortment.com/family-values-39982.html

Remember: There are two types of modal verbs of obligation ; those that
primarily express a firm obligation or necessity - must and have to - and
those that express a recommendation or moral obligation - should and
ought to.
Source: http://linguapress.com/grammar/modal-obligation.htm

VI. Practice Task 1

Directions: Underline the modals of obligation in the following
sentences.

1. The manager isn't here, he has to go to Manila on urgent business.

2. The President will have to deliver a speech.
3. She has to move because she can't stand the noise.
4. I have to take out this huge box because it blocks the way.
5. Oh you're so kind! You don't really have to do it!

Practice Task 2 Obligation or recommendation?

Directions: Read each sentence carefully. Put a check mark
after the sentence whether it is an obligation or a recommendation.

Sentence Obligation Recommendation

1. She has to work away from home on weekdays.

2. I must finish all of my homework to get a good

grade.
 3. He should work this Saturday because he wants
a day off next week.

4. We must pay taxes.

5. We should see a movie and spend some time

together this weekend.

6. She has to wake up early to get to school on

time.

7. I should get more exercise.

8. You have to get a job after you graduate.

9. I have a test tomorrow. I must study tonight so I

won’t fail it.
10. You should read more often to improve your
vocabulary.

Practice Task 3 Hello Obligation!

Directions: Use must, have to, should and ought to correctly in the following
sentences.

1. Children _ _ obey their parents.

2. Parents respect their children too.
3. Challenges _ not keep us from achieving our dreams.
4. Parents send their children to school.
5. Before, one talks about an issue, he/she _ read about it first.
6. Family members understand that they have important roles to
perform in keeping the family strong.
7. Friends be carefully chosen for the influence they can have.
8. The school, as a second home _ constantly nurture and protect the
rights of children.
9. At school, we wear our uniform.
10. You _ visit us more often, we have a lot of stories to share.
 VII. Post Test
Directions: In one paragraph, with five sentences using
modal verbs of obligation, answer the questions below.
As a son or daughter…
What must you do? What should you do?

_
_ _
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

Use the rubric:

Simple Paragraph Rubric
Criteria 5 4 3 2 1
All Only five Only four Only three Only two
sentences in sentences sentences sentences sentences
the in the in the in the in the
paragraph paragraph paragraph paragraph paragraph
Content
respond to respond respond to respond to respond to
the question. to the the the the
question. question. question. question.

The The The The The

paragraph paragraph paragraph paragraph paragraph
shows a shows 1-2 shows 3-4 shows 5 has more
Organizati logical sentences sentences sentences than 5
on of ideas arrangement which are which are which are sentences
of ideas. not not properly not properly which are
properly organized. organized. not properly
organized. organized.
 All rules on Any 1-2 Any 3-4 Any 5 rules More than 5
capitalization rules are rules are are not rules are
, spelling, not not properly properly not properly
Mechanics
grammar, properly observed. observed. observed.
of Writing
etc. are observed.
perfectly
observed.

VIII. Assignment/s

Directions: Think of ways to help save the environment.

Write five sentences using modal verbs of obligation.

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_ _
_
_
_

*Use the same rubric.

References:
http://linguapress.com/grammar/modal-
obligation.htm http://www.essortment.com/family-
values-39982.html Graphics by: Loyd William F.
Rosalin
Answer Key:
Pre-Test
1. must
2. should
3. must
4. should
5. must

Practice Task 1

1. The manager isn't here, he has to go to Manila on urgent business.

2. The President will have to deliver a speech tomorrow.
3. She has to move because she can't stand the noise.
4. I have to take out this huge box because it blocks the way.
5. Oh you're so kind! You don't really have to do it!

Practice Task 2
Obligation Recommendation
Sentence

1. She has to work away from home on weekdays. √

2. I must finish all of my homework to get a good

√
grade.
3. He should work this Saturday because he wants a
√
day off next week.

4. We must pay taxes. √

5. We should see a movie and spend some time

√
together this weekend.

6. She has to wake up early to get to school on time. √

7. I should get more exercise. √

8. You have to get a job after you graduate. √

9. I have a test tomorrow. I must study tonight so I

√
won’t fail it.
10. You should read often to improve your
√
vocabulary.
Practice Task 3

1. must/have to
2. must/have to
3. should/ought to
4. should/ought to
5. should/ought to
6. must/have to
7. must/have to
8. should/ought to
9. have to
10. should

Post Test
(Answers may vary.)

Assignment/s
(Answers may vary.)