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Converter System Modeling Via MATLAB/Simulink

MATLAB and Simulink provide an environment for modeling and simulating power converter systems at different levels of abstraction. Key benefits over Spice include more sophisticated controller and system models. At CoPEC, most simulations are done in Simulink. Examples shown include open and closed-loop simulations of buck, buck-boost, and synchronous buck converters in both time and frequency domains. State-space averaging methods are discussed for implementing averaged models in Simulink. Discontinuous conduction mode is also modeled. Bode plots of transfer functions can be generated from Simulink models.

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571 views

Converter System Modeling Via MATLAB/Simulink

MATLAB and Simulink provide an environment for modeling and simulating power converter systems at different levels of abstraction. Key benefits over Spice include more sophisticated controller and system models. At CoPEC, most simulations are done in Simulink. Examples shown include open and closed-loop simulations of buck, buck-boost, and synchronous buck converters in both time and frequency domains. State-space averaging methods are discussed for implementing averaged models in Simulink. Discontinuous conduction mode is also modeled. Bode plots of transfer functions can be generated from Simulink models.

Uploaded by

jacarmi
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Converter System Modeling via MATLAB/Simulink

A powerful environment for system modeling and simulation

MATLAB: programming and scripting environment


Simulink: block diagram modeling environment that runs inside MATLAB

Things we can achieve, relative to Spice:


•  Higher level of abstraction, suitable for higher-level system models
•  More sophisticated controller models
•  Arbitrary system elements
But:
•  We have to derive our own mathematical models
•  Simulink signals are unidirectional as in conventional block
diagrams
At CoPEC, nearly all simulation is done within MATLAB/Simulink
Open-loop buck converter
Time domain simulation including switching ripple
Closed-loop buck converter, digital control
Time domain simulation with switching ripple
Open-loop buck-boost converter
Frequency domain simulation, averaged model

Control-to-output transfer function


Closed-loop buck converter
Frequency domain simulation, averaged model

Loop gain: Bode plot


MATLAB/Simulink discussion

•  A structured way to write the converter averaged equations,


suitable for implementation in Simulink:
State-space averaging
•  Some basic converter models, implemented in Simulink
•  How to plot small-signal transfer functions in Simulink
•  Modeling the discontinuous conduction mode
Synchronous buck converter
Formulating state equations for Simulink model

Averaging the input current

tr Q
i g = di L + iL + r
Ts Ts
Averaging the inductor voltage
Averaging the capacitor current:
vL(t) For both intervals,
i C = i – i Load

dTs Ts t Resulting state equations:


tr Q
i g = di L + iL + r
Ts Ts
vL = d vg – i R on + R L – vout + d – i R on + R L – vout
L di = vL = dvg – i R on + R L – v – i – i Load esr
dt
with vout = v + i – i Load esr C dv = i C = i – i Load
dt
so vL = dvg – i R on + R L – v – i – i Load esr
vout = v + i – i Load esr
Basic buck converter model
Averaged model for Simulink

Integration of state
variables

Outputs

Independent
inputs

(used in current
Embedded MATLAB mode control)
code block:
•  Load inputs from u
vector
•  Set circuit parameters
•  Calculate state
equations and outputs
•  Place results in output
y vector
Time-domain simulation
Synchronous buck example, Simulink

Simulink model
employing
synchronous buck
model, with voltage
mode control

Output voltage transient


response
Generating a Bode Plot from the Simulink file

1. Set transfer function input and output points

•  Right-click on the desired wire


•  Select “Linearization Points”, then “input point” or “output point”
Generating a Bode Plot from Simulink, p. 2

%% Bode plotter using linearization tool


% requires simulink control design toolbox
mdl = 'buckCPM4Vmodetester'; % set to file name of simulink model. Must
have i/o points set within this model
io = getlinio(mdl) % get i/o signals of mdl
op = operspec(mdl)
op = findop(mdl,op) % calculate model operating point
lin = linearize(mdl,op,io) % compute state space model of linearized
system
ltiview(lin) % send linearized model to LTI Viewer tool

•  Save this as a script (“.m file”) and run it whenever you want to
generate a Bode plot
•  This script finds the steady-state operating point and linearizes the
model
•  The last line opens the LTI Viewer tool, which generates various
small-signal plots including Bode, step response, pole/zero, Nyquist,
etc.
Control-to-output transfer function Gvd
Generated by Simulink

Synchronous buck example of previous slides


Modeling DCM
Buck example, Simulink model

iL(t)
ipk

dTs d2Ts Ts t

In DCM, the average inductor current Treat the average inductor current
can be expressed as: as an independent state, and solve
for d2:
      
    
  


   

     


 
Note that d2 = 1 – d in CCM, and
       d2 < 1 – d in DCM
 
Combined CCM-DCM model
Buck converter

Simulink model

State equations:
         
      
    
  

 
     
   
Buck control-to-output transfer function
CCM vs. DCM

R = 3Ω: CCM

R = 24Ω: DCM
9.5.4. Design example

L
50 µH
+
iload
vg(t) + C R
v(t)
28 V – 500 µF 3Ω
Sensor
– H(s) gain
fs = 100 kHz
Transistor Error
gate driver signal
δ Pulse-width vc G (s) ve –+ Hv
modulator c

VM = 4 V Compensator vref
5V

Fundamentals of Power Electronics 46 Chapter 9: Controller design


Closed-loop buck converter
Simulink frequency domain simulation, averaged model

fc

ϕm

Loop gain: Bode plot


Injection point for
measurement of
loop gain T(s) Transfer function blocks:
Implementing the PID compensator
Closed-loop line-to-output transfer function
Simulink frequency domain simulation

Closed loop Gvg


Open loop

Closed loop

Open loop Gvg

Script that generates both plots

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