Department of Mechanical Engineering

College of Engineering
Western Mindanao State University
Normal Road, Baliwasan, Zamboanga City

Name: Seila Molina ME 152 – Power Plant Engineering

Home Based Quiz 1F
Solve the following problems in Steam Turbine and Hydraulic Electric Power Plant:

1. A turbine receives steam at 285 psia and 650 oF and exhaust at 65 psia. For the particular type of
turbine the reheat factor is 1.05 and the average efficiency is 70 %. Neglecting mechanical losses,
calculate:
a.) turbine horsepower for a steam flow of 54,000 lb/hr.
b.) enthalpy of steam at exhaust.

Solution:
101.325 kpa
285 psia x =1964.46 kpa=1.96 Mpa From steam tables at:
14.7 psi
101.325 KPa
650°F = 343.33°c 62 psia x =448.04 KPa ≈ 0.448 MPa
14.7 psi
@ 340°C, 1.95 MPa = 3115.7 KJ/kg; s = 6.9332 h f = 622.54 KJ/kg = 267.61 Btu/lb
2

; 2.0 MPa = 3114.6 KJ/kg; s = 6.9201 h fg = 2121.2 KJ/kg

2

@ 350°c; 1.95 MPa = 3138 KJ/kg; s = 6.96392 sf = 1.819 KJ/kg

2

; 2.0 MPa = 3137 KJ/kg; s = 6.9563 sfg = 5.0391 KJ/kg

2

solving h; x: solving s; x:
350−340 3138−3115.7 350−340 6.9692−6.9332
= =
350−343.33 3138−x 350−343.33 6.9692−x
x = 3123.13 KJ/kg x = 6.9452
y: y:
350−340 3137−3114.6 350−340 6.9563−6.9201
= =
350−343.33 3137− y 350−343.33 6.9563− y
y = 3122.06 KJ/kg y = 6.9322
h: s1:
2.0−1.95 3122.06−3123.13 2.0−1.95 6.9322−6.9452
= =
2.0−1.96 3122.06−h 2.0−1.96 6.9322−s 1
h = 3122.92 KJ/kg = 1342.46 Btu/lb s1 ≈ 6.9426 KJ/kg-K
s1=s 2
s1=s f + x 2 s fg
2 2

s 1−sf 6.9426−1.819
x 2= 2
= =1.02
s fg 2
5.0391
h2 =hf + x 2 hfg = 622.54 + 1.02(2121.2) = 2786.16 KJ/kg = 1197.69 Btu/lb
2 2

(a) Turbine Horsepower:

lb Btu
54000 ( 1342.46−1197.69 )
hr lb
Pt = ms(h1 – h2) = = 3071.74 hp
Btu
2545
hr −hp
(b) Enthalpy of steam at exhaust:
h1−h 2a
es =
h1−h 2
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Western Mindanao State University
Normal Road, Baliwasan, Zamboanga City

2. The difference in elevation between the source of the water supply and the center line of the base of
the nozzle of a Pelton wheel 1225 feet. During a test the pressure at the end of the nozzle was 510 psig
when the flow was 45 cubic feet per second (cfs). Inside diameter of the penstock is 30 inches.
Compute:
a.) water horsepower at the base of the nozzle.
b.) Brake horsepower developed by the Pelton wheel if efficiency is 80%.

Solution:
(a)
Pw = ρQh
v2
velocity head = hv =
2g
Q 45
=9.17 ft /s
v = Q/A = π d2 = π 30 2
4
2
( )
4 12
( 9.17 )
hv = =1.31 ft
2(32.2)
pressure head:
(510)(144)
hp = P/ρ = =1176.92 ft
62.4
total head:
h = hv + hp = 1.31 + 1176.92 = 1178.23 ft
Pw = (62.4)(45)(1178.23) = 3, 308, 469.84 ft-lb/s = 6015.4 Hp
(b) Brake Horsepower:
Pt
et = P
w

Pt = ρQhet = (62.4)(45)(1178.23)(0.8) = 2, 646, 775.87 ft-lb/s = 4812.32 Hp

 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Western Mindanao State University
Normal Road, Baliwasan, Zamboanga City

Name: Seila Molina ME 152 – POWER PLANT ENGINEERING Date:

HOME BASED FINAL EXAM

I. Solve the following problems and show your solution.

1. The air standard Brayton cycle has a net power output of 100 Kw. The working substance is air,
entering the compressor at 30 oC, leaving the high temperature heat exchanger at 750 oC and leaving the
turbine at 300oC. Determine the mass flow rate of air.

QA

2 3
combustor 750°c

30°c compressor 4 turbine

300°c
Solution:
T2 T3
=
T1 T4
T T (750+273)(30+273)
T 2= 3 1 = =540.96 K=267.96 ° c
T4 (300+273)
wn = wt – wc = mCp[ ( T 3−T 4 ) −( T 2−T 1 ) ]
wn 100
m= = = 0.472 kg/s
C p [ ( T 3−T 4 ) −( T 2 −T 1 ) ] (1) [ ( 750−300 )−(267.96−30)]
2. A water tube boiler has a capacity of 1000 kg/hr of steam. The factor of evaporation is 1.3, boiler
rating is 200%, boiler efficiency is 65%, heating surface area is 0.91 m 2/Bo. Hp, and the heating value of
fuel is 18, 400 Kcal/kg. The total coal available in the bunker is 50,000 kg. Determine the total number of
hours to consume the available fuel.

Solution:
Let t = no. of hours to consume the available fuel
50 ,000
t=
mf
h −hf
FE = s
2257
h s−h f = 2257(FE)
ms (h s−h f )
eboiler =
mf Qh
m s (h s−h f ) m s (2257)( FE) (1000)(2257)(1.3)
mf = = = =58.59 kg /hr
eboiler Q h eboiler Q h (18 , 400)(4.187)(0.65)
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Western Mindanao State University
Normal Road, Baliwasan, Zamboanga City

3. A water tube boiler has a heating surface area of 500 m 2. For a developed boiler horsepower of 825,
determine the percentage rating of the boiler.
Solution:
HS 500
Rated Boiler HP = = =549.45 hp
0.91 0.91
Developed Boiler HP 825
Percent Rating= = =1.50
Rated Boiler HP 549.45

4. A 16,000 Kw geothermal plant has a generator efficiency and turbine efficiency of 90% and 80 %,
respectively. If the quality after throttling is 20% and each well discharged 200,000 kg/hr, determine the
number of wells required to produce if the change of enthalpy at entrance and exit of turbine is 500
Kj/kg.

Solution:
Power output = ms(h3 – h4)etegen
wgen (16000)(3600)
ms = = =160 ,000 kg /hr
( h3−h4 ) e t e gen 500 (0.8)(0.9)
ms = mgx2
m s 160 , 000
mg = = =800 , 000 kg /hr
x2 0.2
mass of groundwater 800 , 000 kg/hr
No. of wells = = =4
5. A pelton typecapacity of each
turbine has 30 mwell 200 , 00loss
head friction kg/hr
of 4.5. The coefficient of friction head loss (from
Morse) is 0.00093 and penstock length of 80 m. Compute the penstock diameter.

Solution:
2 fLV 2
hL =
gD
where:
v = √ 2 gh=√ 2 g ( h g−h L )
2 fLV 2 2(0.00093)(80)(2)(9.81)(30)
D= = =1.984 m=1984 mm
hL g (4.5)(9.81)

6. A 350 mm x 450 mm engine running at 260 rpm has an entrance steam condition of 2 Mpa and 230 oC
and exit at 0.1 Mpa. The steam consumption is 2,000 kg/hr and mechanical efficiency is 88%. If indicated
mean effective pressure is 600 Kpa, determine the brake thermal efficiency.
Solution:
@ 2 MPa, 230°c: h1 = 2849.6 KJ/kg
@ 0.1 MPa: hf2 = 417.26 KJ/kg
Pb
etb =
m s (h s−h f 2)
solving Pb:
Pb π
nm =
Pi
; Pb = Pi nm = PmivDnm = (600)(2)
4 ()
( 0.35 )2 (0.45)(260)(0.88) = 11887.1 KJ/min = 198.12 KJ/s

Pb 11887.1
=0.1466=14.66 %
etb = = 2000
ms (h s−h f 2) (2849.6−417.26)
60
 Department of Mechanical Engineering
College of Engineering
Western Mindanao State University
Normal Road, Baliwasan, Zamboanga City

7. A steam turbine with 90% stage efficiency receives steam at 7 Mpa and 550 oC and exhausts at 20 Kpa.
Determine the turbine work

Solution:
Given:
@ 7MPa, 550°c: h1 = 3530.9 KJ/kg @ 20 KPa: hf2 = 251.4 KJ/kg ; sf2 = 0.8320 KJ/kg
s1 = 6.9486 KJ/kg-K hfg2= 2358.3 KJ/kg sfg2= 7.0766 KJ/kg
s1 = s2
s1=s f + x s fg
2 2

s 1−s f 6.9486−0.8320
x= 2
= = 0.8643
s fg 2
7.0766
h2 =hf + x 2 hfg = 251.4 + 0.8643(2358.3) = 2289.68 KJ/kg
2 2

h1−h 2a
es =
h1−h 2
h2a = h1 – es (h1 – h2) = 3530.9 – 0.9(3530.9 – 2289.68) = 2413.8 KJ/kg
Ideal Turbine Work:
wt = h1 – h2 = 3530.9 – 2289.68 = 1241.22 KJ/kg
Actual Turbine Work: