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    Vectors PDF

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    Mickey
    This document discusses vectors and their properties. It defines a vector as having both magnitude and direction, while a scalar only has magnitude. Examples of vectors include displacement, force, and momentum. The document then describes two methods for adding vectors graphically: the parallelogram method for two vectors and the polygon method for more than two vectors. It also introduces an analytical method for adding vectors by breaking them into their x and y components and using trigonometry. Several examples are provided to demonstrate both graphical and analytical vector addition.

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    Vectors PDF

    Uploaded by

    Mickey
    409 views7 pages
    This document discusses vectors and their properties. It defines a vector as having both magnitude and direction, while a scalar only has magnitude. Examples of vectors include displacement, force, and momentum. The document then describes two methods for adding vectors graphically: the parallelogram method for two vectors and the polygon method for more than two vectors. It also introduces an analytical method for adding vectors by breaking them into their x and y components and using trigonometry. Several examples are provided to demonstrate both graphical and analytical vector addition.

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    VECTORS (1).pdf

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    This document discusses vectors and their properties. It defines a vector as having both magnitude and direction, while a scalar only has magnitude. Examples of vectors include displacement, force, and momentum. The document then describes two methods for adding vectors graphically: the parallelogram method for two vectors and the polygon method for more than two vectors. It also introduces an analytical method for adding vectors by breaking them into their x and y components and using trigonometry. Several examples are provided to demonstrate both graphical and analytical vector addition.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    409 views7 pages

    Vectors PDF

    Uploaded by

    Mickey
    This document discusses vectors and their properties. It defines a vector as having both magnitude and direction, while a scalar only has magnitude. Examples of vectors include displacement, force, and momentum. The document then describes two methods for adding vectors graphically: the parallelogram method for two vectors and the polygon method for more than two vectors. It also introduces an analytical method for adding vectors by breaking them into their x and y components and using trigonometry. Several examples are provided to demonstrate both graphical and analytical vector addition.

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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    VECTORS

    Vector Scalar
    Quantity that has magnitude and Quantity that has magnitude but no
    direction direction

    Example: Example:
    Displacement Mass
    Force Speed
    Momentum Distance
    Acceleration Time
    Temperature

    Addition of Vectors Using the Graphical Method


    Vector quantities are normally denoted by a symbol with an arrow on top. A

    Head The length of the arrow describes the magnitude of the


    vector, and the arrowhead point toward the direction of
    the vector.
    Tail
    Possible Names:
    A= 30 m, 30 degrees
    A
    A= 30 m, -330 degrees
    A= 30 m, 30 degrees northeast
    A= 30 m, 60 degrees east of north

    2 Ways of adding vectors using graphical representation


    1. Parallelogram method- useful if you are adding 2 vectors, known as tail-to-
    tail method
    Example: Force is a vector quantity that use newton N as the unit. Suppose a
    force of F1=10 N is applied horizontally to a block. Also, a second force F2= 5N
    is applied at angle of 30 degrees above the horizontal. Determine the resultant
    force that acts on the block.

    STEP 1: Choose the scale


    For example: 1cm = 1 N
    STEP 2: Graph the vectors
    STEP 3: MAKE A PARALLEL VECTOR
    The parallelogram method requires accurate measurement to arrive at the
    correct value of the resultant force.

    2. The Polygon Method


    - Known as head-to-tail method
    - If you want to add more than 2 vectors
    Example: Displacement, which is a vector quantity, describes the change in the
    body’s position. For example, suppose you walk from your house with the
    following displacements, first, you walk 10m to the east, 5m to the north, and
    then another 5m to the west. Find your displacement using polygon method.
    Try this!
    Using the parallelogram and polygon methods, find the resultant of the following
    vectors.
    1. X = 5m, 20 degrees, and Y=10m, 90 degrees
    2. F1 = 12N, -30 degrees, and F2= 20N, -90 degrees
    3. V1 = 4 m/s , 0 degrees, V2 = 8m/s, 90 degrees, V3 = 12 m/s, 120 degrees
    ADDING VECTORS USING ANALYTICAL METHOD

    For example:
    1.Finding x- and y-component of a displacement vector with a magnitude of 10m
    and direction of 40 degrees with respect to the x-axis.
    Dx= dcosθ Dy=dsinθ

    = 10cos40degrees =10sin40degrees
    = 7.66m =6.43
    2. Find the magnitude and direction if x- component is 5.0m and y-component is 8.0m

    d=√𝑑𝑥 2 +𝑑𝑦 2 𝜃 = tan−1 𝑑𝑦/𝑑𝑥

    =√5.0𝑚 2 + 8.0𝑚 2 𝜃 = tan−1 8.0𝑚/5.0𝑚


    = 9.43 m 𝜽 = 𝟓𝟖°
    If you know the x and y components of the vector, you can find the magnitude
    using the Pythagorean theorem.
    1. Example: What is the magnitude and direction of a displacement vector if
    its component are as follows Ax= 10m, Ay= 5
    𝑑 = √10𝑚 2 + 5𝑚 2

    = 11.18m
    𝜃 = tan−1 5𝑚/10𝑚

    =26.57°

    2. A vector A has a magnitude of 10.0 m at 30 degrees, Vector B has a


    magnitude of 5.0 m, North and Vector C has a magnitude of 12.0 m, 40
    degrees east of north. Find the magnitude and direction of the resultant
    vector.
    magnitude direction x-cos y-sin
    10.0 m 30 degrees 8.7 5
    5.0 m 90 degrees 0 5
    12.0 m 50 degrees 7.7 9.2
    Rx= 16.4 Ry=19.2

    Magnitude and Direction


    𝑑 = √16.4𝑚 2 + 19.2𝑚 2

    = 25.3 m

    𝜃 = tan−1 19.2𝑚/16.4𝑚
    = 49.5°

    Try this using Analytical Method!


    1. X = 5m, 20 degrees, and Y=10m, 90 degrees
    2.F1 = 12N, -30 degrees, and F2= 20N, -90 degrees
    3.V1 = 4 m/s , 0 degrees, V2 = 8m/s, 90 degrees, V3 = 12 m/s, 120 degrees
    Answer Key.
    1.
    magnitude direction x-cos y-sin
    5m 20 degrees 4.7 1.7
    10 m 90 degrees 0 12
    Rx= 4.7 Ry=11.7

    𝑑 = √4.74𝑚 2 + 11.7𝑚 2

    = 12.62m

    𝜃 = tan−1 11.7𝑚/4.7𝑚

    = 68.13°
    2.
    magnitude direction x-cos y-sin
    12 N -30 degrees 10.39 -6
    20 N -90 degrees 0 -20
    Rx= 10.39 Ry=-26
    𝑑 = √10.39𝑚 2 + 26𝑚 2

    = 28 N
    𝜃 = tan−1 −26𝑚/10.39𝑚

    = -68.21° , ACTUAL ANGLE 291.79° FROM X-AXIS

    3.
    magnitude direction x-cos y-sin
    4m/s 0 degrees 4 0
    8m/s 90 degrees 0 8
    12m/s 120 degrees -6 10.39
    Rx=-2 Ry=18.39
    𝑑 = √2𝑚 2 + 18.39𝑚 2

    = 18.5 m/s
    𝜃 = tan−1 18.39/−2
    = -83.70, ACTUAL ANGLE 96.21 DEGREES FROM X-AXIS

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