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    David White: Relevant Experience and Projects

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    David White
    David White is a research fellow at the University of Cambridge who has focused his research on the press-in piling method of pile installation. Press-in piling uses static jacking forces to install large displacement piles with minimal noise and vibration compared to dynamic pile driving methods. White's research has examined how well the press-in method can be used in urban areas with vibration limits, how pile capacity can be predicted using conventional design methods, and how pile performance can be improved through modified construction processes.

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    David White: Relevant Experience and Projects

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    David White is a research fellow at the University of Cambridge who has focused his research on the press-in piling method of pile installation. Press-in piling uses static jacking forces to install large displacement piles with minimal noise and vibration compared to dynamic pile driving methods. White's research has examined how well the press-in method can be used in urban areas with vibration limits, how pile capacity can be predicted using conventional design methods, and how pile performance can be improved through modified construction processes.

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    David White is a research fellow at the University of Cambridge who has focused his research on the press-in piling method of pile installation. Press-in piling uses static jacking forces to install large displacement piles with minimal noise and vibration compared to dynamic pile driving methods. White's research has examined how well the press-in method can be used in urban areas with vibration limits, how pile capacity can be predicted using conventional design methods, and how pile performance can be improved through modified construction processes.

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    24 views2 pages

    David White: Relevant Experience and Projects

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    David White
    David White is a research fellow at the University of Cambridge who has focused his research on the press-in piling method of pile installation. Press-in piling uses static jacking forces to install large displacement piles with minimal noise and vibration compared to dynamic pile driving methods. White's research has examined how well the press-in method can be used in urban areas with vibration limits, how pile capacity can be predicted using conventional design methods, and how pile performance can be improved through modified construction processes.

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    David White

    MA MEng PhD (Cantab)

    Research Fellow
    University of Cambridge

    • PhD: “An investigation into the behaviour of pressed-in piles”, 2002, supervised by Prof. M.D. Bolton
    • Industrial research collaboration with Giken Seisakusho Ltd, 1997- present
    • Research Fellow, St John’s College, University of Cambridge, 2001- present
    • Academic Visitor, Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems, University of Western Australia, 2001- 2002

    Relevant experience and projects

    The Author’s research in the area of construction processes has focussed on the ‘press-in’ method of pile
    installation. This is a novel technique by which large displacement piles can be installed by static jacking
    force alone. This briefing note discusses recent research into the behaviour of pressed-in piles.

    Press-in piling
    Press-in piling machines install displacement piles by apply static jacking force to the pile head. Reaction is
    gained from the negative shaft friction of previously-installed piles. Since the machine ‘walks’ along the pile
    wall under construction, the piles must necessarily be installed at close centres, or indeed touching. The first
    press-in piling machines were developed in the 1970s for the installation of sheet piles. Newer machines,
    capable of applying up to 4 MN jacking force, open up the possibility of constructing large axially-loaded
    deep foundations using jacked piles (Figure 1). Recent research conducted at the University of Cambridge
    has examined this construction process. Three themes have been studied:
    • Pollution. Is the noise and vibration associated with the press-in method acceptable in urban areas?
    • Prediction. Can conventional design methods be used to predict the axial capacity of pressed-in piles?
    • Performance. Can the construction process be modified to improve the performance of pressed-in piles?

    Pollution
    Limits on noise and ground vibrations usually preclude the use of dynamic piling methods in urban areas. A
    wide number of methods for predicting ground vibrations near dynamic piling methods are available (e.g.
    Sarsby 2000), and demonstrate the wide exclusion zone required between if peak particle velocity (ppv)
    limits on disturbance and damage (e.g. Eurocode 3) are not to be exceeded. The press-in method allows
    displacement piles to be installed with minimal environmental disturbance. The jacking action of the machine
    does not create the continuous ground vibration associated vibro-hammers or impact hammers. The only
    significant vibration event during press-in piling operations is the transient wave created when the grip of the
    machine on the head of the pile is released at the end of each jacking stroke.
    Ground vibration data have been gathered from 12 press-in piling sites (White et al., 2002; Rockhill et al.
    2003). The resulting measurements have allowed a tentative prediction line for ppv at a distance r from the
    pile to be fitted to the database (Figure 2). At distances greater than 2 m from the pile, ppv is predicted to
    decay with 1/r, following conventional methods for dynamic piling and the assumption of non-dissipative
    geometric spreading from a point source. However, since press-in piling offers the possibility of operating
    closer than 2m to a structure, a modified relationship with ppv decaying with 1/√r has been used for this
    region, since at such close proximity the pile is better modelled as a vertical line source of vibration. This
    prediction method indicates that press-in piling activities can take place within 0.5 m and 2.6 m of residential
    buildings and structures of architectural merit respectively, without exceeding Eurocode 3 vibration limits.
    Prediction
    Conventional design methods for the axial capacity of displacement piles are largely empirical and have
    been calibrated against field load test data, primarily from dynamically installed piles. Recent research into
    the ultimate capacity of displacement piles draws no distinction between jacked and driven piles, and indeed
    has made use of instrumented jacked piles to elucidate the appropriate mechanisms of behaviour (Jardine &
    Chow, 1996). Close agreement has been found between the ultimate capacity of pressed-in tubular piles and
    predictions using a variety of current design methods (Yetginer et al. 2003, Figure 3). These observations
    suggest that installation method has a minimal influence on ultimate capacity, as might be expected, at least
    for base resistance. At the high settlement corresponding to ultimate capacity, the stress acting on the pile
    base is uninfluenced by whether the final set was reached by a hammer blow or a jacking stroke.
    However, whilst strength, or ultimate capacity, is relatively unaffected by installation method, the stiffness of
    driven and jacked piles can differ significantly. Figure 3 shows the load-settlement response of a 5.85 m
    deep pressed-in open-ended tubular pile. The plunging load of the pile is reached at a settlement of
    approximately 2% of the pile diameter; an extremely stiff response. This behaviour suggests that high base
    resistance remains locked in at the pile base after ‘press-in’ installation. As a result, the load-settlement
    response is dominated by the stiffness corresponding to unloading of negative shaft friction and reloading of
    positive shaft friction. The soil plug undergoes minimal compression, since this soil is being reloaded after
    the final jacking stroke. Noting this stiff response, conventional design values of pile stiffness (or reduction
    factors on ultimate load) may be modified when applied to pressed-in piles, improving design efficiency.
    Performance
    Good performance of a pressed-in pile foundation is manifested in a low installation force (to allow a
    relatively small and unobtrusive machine to be used, without reaching ‘refusal’ if hard ground is encountered)
    and a high strength and stiffness when the completed foundation is loaded. Robotic press-in piling machines
    give the operator precise control of the exact position of foundation piles, allowing pile groups of novel
    geometry to be constructed. One such example is to install H-section piles in continuous rows. During
    construction of the H-pile wall, each pile is jacked individually, with low shaft friction acting on the open pan
    of the pile. After construction, when the piles are loaded in unison, higher resistance is mobilised since the H-
    piles act as a continuous row of box sections. Equilibrium analysis of a box section demonstrates that vertical
    arching results in high shaft friction, in a similar manner to the plugging of tubular piles. Field tests conducted
    at a site in Tokyo, Japan, indicate that the contribution of a single pile to the wall capacity can be more than
    twice the jacking force required for installation (White 2002, White et al. 2003).
    References
    Eurocode 3. (1992) Design of steel structures, chapter 5, piling. DD ENV 1993-1-1:1992.
    Jardine R.J. & Chow F.C. (1996) New design methods for offshore piles. MTD publication 96/103 Marine Tech. Directorate, London.
    Rockhill D.J., Bolton M.D. & White D.J. (2003) Ground vibrations due to piling operations. BGA Int. Conf. on Foundations (Accepted).
    Sarsby R. (2000) Environmental Geotechnics. Thomas Telford, London, UK.
    White D.J. (2002) An investigation into the behaviour of pressed-in piles. University of Cambridge PhD dissertation.
    White D.J., Finlay T.C.R., Bolton M.D. & Bearss G. (2002) Press-in piling: Ground vibration and noise during pile installation. Proc. Int.
    Deep Foundations Congress. Orlando. ASCE Special Publication 116 pp 363-371.
    White D.J., Bolton M.D. & Wako C. (2003) A novel urban foundation system using pressed-in H-piles. XIIIth Eur. Conf. on Soil
    Mechanics & Geotechnical Engineering, Prague (Accepted).
    Yetginer A.G., White D.J. & Bolton M.D. (2003) Press-in piling: field testing of cell foundations. BGA Int. Conf. on Foundations
    (Accepted).

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