STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

AND DESIGN REPORT

NAGARJUN RECONDTION HOUSE

CONSULTANT:
Progress Engineering Consult (P) Ltd.
Gwarko, Lalitpur

CLIENT:

TABLE OF CONTENT

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 CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................ 4
1.1 About this Report..........................................................................................................................................4
1.2 About the structure.......................................................................................................................................4
1.3 Analysis procedure........................................................................................................................................4

2. DETAILED PARAMETER OF BUILDING............................................................................................................ 5

2.1 Plan and Elevation of building...........................................................................................................5
2.2 General Parameter.............................................................................................................................7
2.3 Structural Parameter.........................................................................................................................7
2.4 Soil Parameter....................................................................................................................................7
2.5 Material Properties............................................................................................................................8
2.6 Design basis........................................................................................................................................8

3. LOADING...................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 Dead loads (DL).............................................................................................................................................9
3.2 Live loads (LL)................................................................................................................................................9
3.3 Earthquake loads (EL)...................................................................................................................................9
3.4 Load combinations......................................................................................................................................10

4. DESIGN CRITERIA........................................................................................................................................ 13
4.1 Limit State Design method.............................................................................................................13

5. MODELLING OF THE STRUCTURE................................................................................................................. 14

5.1 3-D view of structure from ETABS.................................................................................................14
5.2 Grid and Node numbers.................................................................................................................15
5.3 Plan of beam sections used............................................................................................................16

6. ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE..................................................................................................................... 18

6.1 Support reactions......................................................................................................................18
6.2 Base Reactions...........................................................................................................................20
6.3 Story deflection at floor level....................................................................................................21

7. ANNEXES.................................................................................................................................................... 23
7.1 Annex-1: Design of footing.......................................................................................................23
7.2 Annex-3 Design of Column Base Plate......................................................................................29
7.3 Annex-4 Design of connection for I-beams and Square tubular columns................................31
7.4 Annex-5 Design of truss............................................................................................................31

8. FIGURES OF SECTION USED......................................................................................................................... 39

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9. CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................. 42

TABLE OF FIGURES
FIGURE 2-1 GROUND FLOOR PLAN--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5
FIGURE 2-2 FIRST FLOOR PLAN-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
FIGURE 5-1 THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL FROM ETABS----------------------------------------------------------------------------14
FIGURE 5-2 FOOTING NODE NUMBERS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
FIGURE 5-3 FIRST FLOOR PLAN OF BEAMS---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
FIGURE 5-4 ROOF LEVEL FLOOR PLAN OF BEAMS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17
FIGURE 6-1 STOREY DISPLACEMENT ALONG X DIRECTION IN EQX LOADING---------------------------------------------------21
FIGURE 6-2 STOREY DISPLACEMENT ALONG Y DIRECTION IN EQY LOADING---------------------------------------------------22
FIGURE 7-1 JOINT REACTION 1.5(DL+LL)------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
FIGURE 7-2 DEAD ROOF, LIVE ROOF, WIND UPLIFT AND WIND DOWNWARD FORCES ON PURLIN-----------------------34
FIGURE 7-3 DESIGN RESULT OF TRUSS MEMBERS-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------36
FIGURE 7-4 DESIGN RESULT FOR BEAMS AND COLUMNS---------------------------------------------------------------------------37
FIGURE 8-1 DOUBLE ISMC 150 COLUMNS USED--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 39
FIGURE 8-2 BEAMS SECTIONS USED------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 41

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 1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 About this Report
This report deals with methodology of the structural analysis and design of a two-story steel
framed structure and its results. This report includes different parameters for the analysis and
design of the structure. The design results are shown in a convenient tabular format.
The principal aim of the structural design is to prepare necessary construction detail of structural
system so as to possess adequate strength, stiffness and stability during the action of all possible
loads in its life span. Accordingly, the structural design data are presented in the report.

1.2 About the structure

The structure which is analyzed and designed is a two storey steel framed structure constructed
for commercial purpose. In this structure, Standard I-beams are used as primary beams and
secondary beams whereas Double channel sections are used as columns. The floor is timber floor.
Advantages of steel structure
Steel members have high strength per unit weight. So, a steel member of a small section is
also able to resist heavy loadings
Steel has property of being flexible i.e. it can bend without cracking
Another important feature of steel member is its ductility i.e. it does not fail suddenly
instead it provides visible evidence of impending failure by large deflection and can give
warning to the inhabitant to escape before being failed
Steel members are more resistant to lateral loads due to earthquake or wind loads as
compared to RCC members
Steel members have a long-life span and can be recycled after use thus, providing a high
scrap value

However, despite being many advantages, steel members do have few disadvantages like
corrosion. So, steel members need to be painted to avoid corrosion and also need fireproof
treatment.

1.3 Analysis procedure

The structure has been modelled, analyzed and designed in a computer software “ETABS
16v16.2.0”. The software has very good analysis and design capability. It is a Finite Element
Method (FEM) based software and requires modelling of the structure by finite-elements. Steel I-
Beams, Hollow square tubular beams and columns are modelled with line (or frame) elements,
while the deck slab is used as floor. IS codes and NBC codes and relevant references are taken for
the design consideration of the structural members and their connection.

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 2. DETAILED PARAMETER OF BUILDING
2.1 Plan and Elevation of building

1 2 3 4

13' 10'-4" 13'

B B
UP

X X
17'

17'
C C
51'-6"

51'-9"
17'

17'
Parking
Parking

D D
17'

17'

E E
13' 10'-4" 13'
36'-10"
1 2 3 4

GROUND FLOOR PLAN

Area: 1908.314 sft.

FIGURE 2-1 GROUND FLOOR PLAN

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 1 2 3 4
36'-10"
13' 10'-4" 13'
1'-10" 10' 2'-8" 8' 2'-8" 10' 1'-9"

W1 W2 W1

5'-3"

5'-3"
B B

X D1 DN X

17'
17'

C C
61'-6"

61'-6"
17'
17'

Hall
Hall

D D

17'
17'

E E
5'-3"

5'-3"

13' 10'-4" 13'

36'-10"
1 2 3 4

FIRST FLOOR PLAN

Area: 2268.329 sft.

FIGURE 2-2 FIRST FLOOR PLAN

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 2.2 General Parameter

Building Type : Commercial building

Location : Nagarjun, Kathmandu

No of Blocks :1
Plinth Area : 3509 sq.ft
No of Storey : 3-storey
Floor Height : 3.048 m Ground floor and 2.89 m First floor
Wall : Light weight partition walls

2.3 Structural Parameter

Foundation Type : Isolated Footing System and Combined Footing System
Columns : Double ISMC square hollow sections
Beams : ISMB250, ISMB200, ISMB150, ISB91.5x91.5x4.5mm
Slabs : Timber Plank
Walls : Non-load bearing walls
Structural System : Steel frames
Building Height : 6 m Eaves Height and 7 Total height

2.4 Soil Parameter

Soil Type : soft soil (Type III)
Bearing Capacity : 100 KN/m2 (assumed)

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 2.5 Material Properties
Cement : Ordinary Portland cement (OPC)
Concrete Grade : M20 for footing
Steel Grade (for reinforcement) : Fe500
Steel Grade (for frames) : Fe250

Detailed Properties of the materials:

A. Concrete

M20 = 20 MPa Characteristic value of cube compressive strength: Cube 150 x 150 x 150
mm (5%-quartile = no more than 5% of cubes tested at 28 days are expected to fail)
fck,cube = 20 MPa
fcm = 26.6MPa Mean compressive strength: fcm = fck + 1.65x4.0 [N/mm2]
fctm = 2.6 MPa Mean value of concrete tensile strength
τck=1.11 Mpa Characteristic value of concrete shear strength: = 0.25 √fck
Ecm = 22,360.7MPa Mean characteristic modulus of elasticity: 5000√fck
Density = 25 KN/m3

B. Reinforcement
Steel grade = Fe500
Type: Deformed bar
fyk = 500 Characteristic proof strengths at 0.2% yield
εuk>= 12% Ultimate Elongation
E = 200,000 MPa Elastic Modulus (Young’s Modulus of Elasticity)
Density = 7850 Kg/m3

2.6 Design basis

The building is designed following the standard codes and norms. The different codes used for the
structural design are
i. IS456:2000 [Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete] for Design of
Concrete Structures.
ii. IS875:1987 [Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures] for Other Load calculation.
iii. IS13920:1993 [Ductile detailing of reinforced concrete structures subjected to
seismic forces] for Ductile Detailing of the structural members.
iv. IS 800:2007 [ General Construction in Steel - Code of practice]
v. SP 6 (1) - 1964 [ Handbook for Structural Engineers]
vi. NBC 105 [ Seismic Design of buildings in Nepal]

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 3. LOADING
All loadings are derived bases on different parts of IS800:2007. Earthquake load is calculated
based on IS1983-2002 Part I.

3.1 Dead loads (DL)

These are the permanent load which is not supposed to change during the structure’s
design life. The dead loads included in the design are:

a. Unit-weight of materials:
i. RCC (slab & tie beams): 25 KN/m3
ii. Steel: 76.97 KN/m3 (7850 Kg/m3)

b. Wall-loads
i. 1 KN/m

c. Dead load on Slab

i. 0.5 KN/m2 in first floor
ii. 0.2 KN/m2 roof dead load on Purlins

3.2 Live loads (LL)

These are the loads that may vary its intensity and/or position during design life. Live
loads for different rooms and roofs are calculated as per the functional requirement as
specified in IS875 code.
a. Live loads on all floors
i. Rooms: 3 KN/m2

b. Live loads on roof

i. accessible roof: 0.75 KN/m2

3.3 Earthquake loads (EL)

Earthquake load has been calculated based on IS 1893-2002 Part-I. Basically, horizontal
seismic forces shall be considered for the structures that depend on different parameters.
Different parameters for generating earthquake loads are:
a. Zone Factor (Z) : 0.36
b. Importance Factor : 1 (for residential building)
c. Response Reduction Factor (R): 4 (for SMRF)
d. Soil type : Soft
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 e. Height of building :6m
f. Fundamental Time period : 0.3259 seconds
g. Spectral Acceln Coefficient : 2.5 for (T=0.3259 sec)
h. Hor. Seismic Coefficient (Ah) : 0.1125
i. Seismic Weight of Bldg (Ws) : DL+0.25 LL+0.5LL
=604.033 KN
j. Base Shear (VB) : Ah * Ws = 67.9537KN

3.4 Load combinations

Different load combinations are generated as per IS1893:2002, since earthquake load is
considered from same code. Minimum eccentricity of 5% is automatically considered in
earthquake load cases by the program. The load combinations are

TABLE: Load Combinations      

Name Load Case/Combo Scale Factor Type Auto
         
DL dead all 1 Linear Add No
DL+LL dead all 1 Linear Add No
DL+LL live all 1
1.5DL dead all 1.5 Linear Add No
1.5(DL+LL) dead all 1.5 Linear Add No
1.5(DL+LL) live all 1.5
1.2(DL+LL)+0.6WL(D) dead all 1.2 Linear Add No
1.2(DL+LL)+0.6WL(D) live all 1.2
1.2(DL+LL)+0.6WL(D) WL(D) 0.6
1.2(DL+LL)+0.6WL(U) dead all 1.2 Linear Add No
1.2(DL+LL)+0.6WL(U) live all 1.2
1.2(DL+LL)+0.6WL(U) WL(U) 0.6
1.2(DL+LL+WL(D)) dead all 1.2 Linear Add No
1.2(DL+LL+WL(D)) live all 1.2
1.2(DL+LL+WL(D)) WL(D) 1.2
1.2(DL+LL+WL(U)) dead all 1.2 Linear Add No
1.2(DL+LL+WL(U)) live all 1.2
1.2(DL+LL+WL(U)) WL(U) 1.2
1.5(DL+WL(D)) dead all 1.5 Linear Add No
1.5(DL+WL(D)) WL(D) 1.5
1.5(DL+WL(U)) dead all 1.5 Linear Add No
1.5(DL+WL(U)) WL(U) 1.5
0.9DL+1.5WL(D) dead all 0.9 Linear Add No
0.9DL+1.5WL(D) WL(D) 1.5
0.9DL+1.5WL(U) dead all 0.9 Linear Add No

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0.9DL+1.5WL(U) WL(U) 1.5
1.2(DL+LL)+0.6 wall (0) dead all 1.2 Linear Add No
1.2(DL+LL)+0.6 wall (0) live all 1.2
1.2(DL+LL)+0.6 wall (0) wall (0) 0.6
1.2(DL+LL)+0.6 wall (90) dead all 1.2 Linear Add No
1.2(DL+LL)+0.6 wall (90) live all 1.2
1.2(DL+LL)+0.6 wall (90) Wind (90) 0.6
1.2(DL+LL)+0.6wall (90)) dead all 1.2 Linear Add No
1.2(DL+LL)+0.6wall (90)) live all 1.2
1.2(DL+LL)+0.6wall (90)) Wind (90) 0.6
1.2(DL+LL+wall (0)) dead all 1.2 Linear Add No
1.2(DL+LL+wall (0)) live all 1.2
1.2(DL+LL+wall (0)) wall (0) 1.2
1.2(DL+LL+wall (90)) dead all 1.2 Linear Add No
1.2(DL+LL+wall (90)) live all 1.2
1.2(DL+LL+wall (90)) Wind (90) 1.2
1.5(DL+wall (0)) dead all 1.5 Linear Add No
1.5(DL+wall (0)) wall (0) 1.5
1.5(DL+wall (90)) dead all 1.5 Linear Add No
1.5(DL+wall (90)) Wind (90) 1.5
0.9DL+1.5wall (0) dead all 0.9 Linear Add No
0.9DL+1.5wall (0) wall (0) 1.5
0.9DL+1.5wall (90) dead all 0.9 Linear Add No
0.9DL+1.5wall (90) Wind (90) 1.5
1.2(DL+LL+EQx) dead all 1.2 Linear Add No
1.2(DL+LL+EQx) live all 1.2
1.2(DL+LL+EQx) EQx 1.2
1.2(DL+LL-EQx) dead all 1.2 Linear Add No
1.2(DL+LL-EQx) live all 1.2
1.2(DL+LL-EQx) EQx -1.2
1.2(DL+LL+EQy) dead all 1.2 Linear Add No
1.2(DL+LL+EQy) live all 1.2
1.2(DL+LL+EQy) EQy 1.2
1.2(DL+LL-EQy) dead all 1.2 Linear Add No
1.2(DL+LL-EQy) live all 1.2
1.2(DL+LL-EQy) EQy -1.2
1.5(DL+EQx) dead all 1.5 Linear Add No
1.5(DL+EQx) EQx 1.5
1.5(DL-EQx) dead all 1.5 Linear Add No
1.5(DL-EQx) EQx -1.5
1.5(DL+EQy) dead all 1.5 Linear Add No
1.5(DL+EQy) EQy 1.5
1.5(DL-EQy) dead all 1.5 Linear Add No

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1.5(DL-EQy) EQy -1.5
0.9DL+1.5EQx dead all 0.9 Linear Add No
0.9DL+1.5EQx EQx 1.5
0.9DL-1.5EQx dead all 0.9 Linear Add No
0.9DL-1.5EQx EQx -1.5
0.9DL+1.5EQy dead all 0.9 Linear Add No
0.9DL+1.5EQy EQy 1.5
0.9DL-1.5EQy dead all 0.9 Linear Add No
0.9DL-1.5EQy EQy -1.5

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 4. DESIGN CRITERIA
The Steel structures are designed using Limit State Method which is incorporated in IS800:2007
and for concrete structure in IS456:2000 for Footing.

4.1 Limit State Design method

It is based on safety and serviceability requirements associated with the design loads and design
strengths of the materials. These design loads and design strengths are obtained by applying
partial safety factors for characteristic loads and strengths of the materials as concrete and steels.
The limit state method of design covers different criteria for design. The two major criteria are
a. Limit State of Collapse:

The limit state of collapse of the structure or part of the structure could be assessed from
rupture of one or more critical sections and from buckling due to elastic or plastic
instability (including effects of sway where appropriate) or overturning. The resistance to
bending, shear, torsion and axial loads at every section shall not be less than the
appropriate value at that section produced by the probable most unfavorable combination
of loads on the structure using the appropriate partial safety factors.
b. Limit State of Serviceability:

It includes limit for deflection and cracking or local damage. Excessive deflection and
cracks adversely affects the finishes, efficiency and appearance of the structure and it may
impair protection to embedded reinforcements too.

Checks are performed as per the provisions for the limit state design consideration in
IS800:2007

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 5. MODELLING OF THE STRUCTURE
The structure is modelled in ETABS 2016v16.2.0, different data for modelling are shown.

5.1 3-D view of structure from ETABS

FIGURE 5-3 THREE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL FROM ETABS

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5.2 Grid and Node numbers

FIGURE 5-4 FOOTING NODE NUMBERS

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5.3 Plan of beam sections used

FIGURE 5-5 FIRST FLOOR PLAN OF BEAMS

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FIGURE 5-6 ROOF LEVEL FLOOR PLAN OF BEAMS

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 6. ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE

The structure is analysed in ETABS 2016v16.2.0. Different analysis outputs are shown.

6.1 Support reactions

TABLE 6-1 JOINT REAACTIONS

TABLE: Joint Reactions

Joint Unique Load FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
Story
Label Name Case/Combo kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m
Base 1 2 dead all 0.640 0.547 16.474 -0.541 0.626 -0.005
Base 1 2 live all 1.398 0.448 24.116 -0.414 1.345 -0.012
Base 1 2 EQx 1 -4.295 -0.018 -4.368 0.028 -7.243 0.010
Base 1 2 EQy 1 0.019 -3.994 -3.043 6.626 0.032 0.005
Base 2 4 dead all 0.839 -0.054 24.940 0.056 0.819 0.001
Base 2 4 live all 1.919 -0.021 35.574 0.052 1.866 0.000
Base 2 4 EQx 1 -3.157 -0.010 -3.762 0.018 -6.157 0.005
Base 2 4 EQy 1 0.008 -4.630 0.917 7.258 0.012 0.014
Base 3 6 dead all 0.878 0.035 24.910 -0.032 0.856 0.000
Base 3 6 live all 2.042 -0.114 35.629 0.145 1.997 -0.003
Base 3 6 EQx 1 -3.167 -0.008 -3.768 0.010 -6.174 -0.003
Base 3 6 EQy 1 -0.012 -4.629 -0.918 7.257 -0.018 0.014
Base 4 8 dead all 0.774 -0.567 18.271 0.565 0.752 0.006
Base 4 8 live all 1.368 -0.587 24.169 0.616 1.346 0.009
Base 4 8 EQx 1 -4.313 0.003 -4.371 -0.005 -7.271 -0.010
Base 4 8 EQy 1 -0.018 -3.993 3.044 6.625 -0.030 0.005
Base 5 10 dead all -0.292 0.665 27.335 -0.659 -0.289 0.001
Base 5 10 live all -0.698 1.317 52.406 -1.269 -0.715 0.001
Base 5 10 EQx 1 -5.179 -0.009 -0.049 0.012 -8.114 0.007
Base 5 10 EQy 1 0.026 -3.860 -3.691 6.495 0.039 0.001
Base 6 12 dead all -0.367 -0.163 37.100 0.163 -0.365 0.000
Base 6 12 live all -0.853 -0.402 74.866 0.437 -0.857 -0.002
Base 6 12 EQx 1 -4.336 -0.005 -0.491 0.008 -7.317 0.004
Base 6 12 EQy 1 0.006 -4.552 1.040 7.182 0.010 0.002
Base 7 14 dead all -0.394 0.128 36.820 -0.125 -0.394 0.000
Base 7 14 live all -0.904 0.248 74.893 -0.206 -0.896 -0.002
Base 7 14 EQx 1 -4.349 -0.006 -0.494 0.008 -7.337 -0.002
Base 7 14 EQy 1 -0.011 -4.552 -1.040 7.183 -0.018 0.002
Base 8 16 dead all -0.327 -0.691 31.477 0.687 -0.329 -0.001
Base 8 16 live all -0.530 -1.577 53.846 1.605 -0.518 -0.005

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Base 8 16 EQx 1 -5.197 0.000 -0.049 0.002 -8.141 -0.007
Base 8 16 EQy 1 -0.022 -3.861 3.693 6.497 -0.035 0.001
Base 9 18 dead all 0.283 0.672 27.342 -0.666 0.276 -0.001
Base 9 18 live all 0.598 1.299 52.295 -1.246 0.560 -0.005
Base 9 18 EQx 1 -5.179 0.006 0.047 -0.007 -8.113 0.007
Base 9 18 EQy 1 0.029 -3.851 -3.670 6.481 0.044 0.002
Base 10 20 dead all 0.353 -0.178 36.980 0.177 0.343 0.000
Base 10 20 live all 0.798 -0.310 75.595 0.352 0.767 -0.002
Base 10 20 EQx 1 -4.336 0.000 0.492 -0.001 -7.317 0.004
Base 10 20 EQy 1 0.007 -4.542 1.039 7.167 0.011 0.002
Base 11 22 dead all 0.393 0.226 37.867 -0.223 0.380 0.000
Base 11 22 live all 0.906 -0.328 70.702 0.370 0.884 -0.002
Base 11 22 EQx 1 -4.350 -0.002 0.493 0.004 -7.339 -0.002
Base 11 22 EQy 1 -0.011 -4.544 -1.035 7.170 -0.018 0.002
Base 12 24 dead all 0.131 -0.685 28.727 0.681 0.121 0.001
Base 12 24 live all 0.110 -0.250 40.095 0.296 0.111 0.001
Base 12 24 EQx 1 -5.189 -0.015 0.061 0.021 -8.130 -0.008
Base 12 24 EQy 1 -0.024 -3.846 3.665 6.478 -0.037 0.002
Base 13 26 dead all -0.647 0.557 16.490 -0.553 -0.638 0.005
Base 13 26 live all -1.484 0.408 24.040 -0.355 -1.486 0.008
Base 13 26 EQx 1 -4.294 0.020 4.370 -0.032 -7.241 0.011
Base 13 26 EQy 1 0.029 -3.963 -3.061 6.575 0.045 -0.002
Base 14 28 dead all -0.850 -0.060 24.868 0.059 -0.839 -0.001
Base 14 28 live all -1.968 0.032 36.111 0.019 -1.950 -0.004
Base 14 28 EQx 1 -3.156 0.014 3.761 -0.024 -6.156 0.005
Base 14 28 EQy 1 0.004 -4.594 0.907 7.202 0.008 -0.011
Base 15 30 dead all -0.921 0.100 25.600 -0.100 -0.911 0.001
Base 15 30 live all -2.108 -0.575 32.480 0.623 -2.077 -0.001
Base 15 30 EQx 1 -3.167 0.018 3.771 -0.025 -6.175 -0.002
Base 15 30 EQy 1 -0.009 -4.592 -0.901 7.200 -0.016 -0.011
Base 16 32 dead all -0.493 -0.531 16.298 0.527 -0.492 -0.008
Base 16 32 live all -0.593 0.410 14.297 -0.350 -0.580 -0.017
Base 16 32 EQx 1 -4.292 0.011 4.357 -0.018 -7.242 -0.010
Base 16 32 EQy 1 -0.020 -3.952 3.055 6.562 -0.032 -0.008

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6.2 Base Reactions
TABLE 6-2 BASE REACTIONS

FX FY FZ MX MY MZ
Load Case/Combo
kN kN kN kN-m kN-m kN-m
EQx 1 -67.9537 0 0 0 -299.0004 529.173
EQy 1 0 -67.9537 0 299.0004 0 -373.7613
wall (0) -0.0233 129.9954 0 -522.672 -0.0933 725.4509
Wind (90) -41.7378 -151.83 0 607.3201 -166.9512 -516.3104

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6.3 Story deflection at floor level

FIGURE 6-7 STOREY DISPLACEMENT ALONG X DIRECTION IN EQX LOADING

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 FIGURE 6-8 STOREY DISPLACEMENT ALONG Y DIRECTION IN EQY LOADING

Maximum displacement = 0.4 % of total height = 0.4 % * 6000 = 24mm

Here, the maximum Deflection is about 14 mm along x-direction, so it is within permissible limit.

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 7. ANNEXES
7.1 Annex-1: Design of footing
Design of footing depth

Depth of footing can be obtained

by

D =

Where D Depth of footing in m

P Net safe bearing capacity of soil at site
W Unit weight of soil sample at site
angle of repose of soil in
α degree

We have P = 100 KN/m2

W = 18 KN/m3
α = 30 Degree
Therefore,
D = 1.5 m

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FIGURE 7-9 JOINT REACTION 1.5(DL+LL)

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Colu
mn
No: 10
f m m
  f1 2 f3 m1 2 3  
10 - 3 0 0
DEA 0. 6. . .
D 1 9 0.1 3 0
ALL 0.35 8 8 8 4 0  
-
7 0
0. 0. . .
10 0 4 0.0 3 0
EQX -4.34 0 9 0 2 0  

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 - 0 0
4. 1. . .
10 5 0 7.1 0 0
EQY 0.01 4 4 7 1 0  
10 - 7 0 0
LIV 0. 5. . .
E 3 6 0.3 7 0
ALL 0.80 1 0 5 7 0  
     
1
- 1 1 0
0. 2. . .
DL+ 4 5 0.5 1 0
LL 1.15 9 7 3 1 0  
1
- 6 1 0
1.5( 0. 8. . .
DL+ 7 8 0.7 6 0
LL) 1.73 3 6 9 7 0  
-
1
- 5 0 0
1.5( 0. 6. . .
DL+ 2 2 0.2 4 0
EX) -5.97 7 1 6 6 1  
- 5 0 0
1.5( 7. 7. . .
DL+ 0 0 11. 5 0
EY) 0.54 8 3 02 3 0  
1 -
- 5 1 0
1.5( 0. 4. . .
DL- 2 7 0.2 4 0
EX) 7.03 7 3 7 9 1  
5 0 0
1.5( 6. 3. - . .
DL- 5 9 10. 5 0
EY) 0.52 5 1 49 0 0  
1 -
1.2( - 3 7 0
DL+ 0. 5. . .
LL+ 5 6 0.6 4 0
EX) -3.82 8 8 3 5 0  
1.2( 1.39 - 1 9.2 1 0  
DL+ 6. 3 3 . .
LL+ 0 6. 3 0

26 | P a g e
 3
EY) 3 4 5 0
1 1 -
1.2( - 3 0 0
DL+ 0. 4. . .
LL- 5 5 0.6 1 0
EX) 6.58 8 0 3 1 1  
1
1.2( 3 1 0
DL+ 4. 3. - . .
LL- 8 8 7.9 3 0
EY) 1.37 7 4 7 2 0  
-
- 3 6 0
0.9( 0. 3. . .
DL+ 1 7 0.1 2 0
EX) -3.58 6 2 6 8 0  
- 3 0 0
0.9( 4. 4. . .
DL+ 2 2 6.6 3 0
EY) 0.32 5 2 1 2 0  
- 3 6 0
0.9( 0. 2. . .
DL- 1 8 0.1 8 0
EX) 4.22 6 4 6 9 0  
3 0 0
0.9( 3. 2. - . .
DL- 9 3 6.2 3 0
EY) 0.31 3 5 9 0 0  

Area Calculation of Footing Base

Soil 1 K
bearin 0 N
g 0. /
pressu 0 m
  re: 0 2        
Requi 1.
red 2 m
  Area: 4 2  
1.
take 0
  l/b= 0  
1.
Footi 9 exa o
  ng 0   ct   r  
  Lengt 1. m 1.5 m 4'12"
27 | P a g e
 1
h:1 0
1.
Bread 1 1.5
  th: 1 m 0 m 4'12"
1.
2 2.2 m
  Area: 4   5 2    
   
Press
Column ure
Dimensio (ultim
  n   ate)    
7 K
0. 5 N
4 . /
length 0 0 m
  : 0m q 5 2  
0.
4
Width 0
  : 0 m        

Critical Moment
from
1.5(D
Critical L+LL
  Value   )    
K K
M1 N N
(max - 17. -
) 17.03 m   03 m  
K K
M2 N N
(max - 17. -
) 17.03 m 03 m  
   
Depth from
moment  
6
5. f
3 m c f
  d1 3 m k y  
  d2 6 m 2 5 N
5. m 0 0 /

28 | P a g e
 0
. . m
3 0 0 m
3 0 0 2
   
m c
Depth e i o
to be d d ce v
Take g d nte e
  n: e le r   r  
2 3 5
0 2 0
0. 5. 45 .
0 0 0.0 0 m
(assume) 0 0 0   0 m

Critical One way Shear

a. At
centr
e
(max
)  
N
1 t 0 /
Criti 6. a . m
cal V 8 K u 1 m
V1 16.89 1 9 N 1 3 2
N
1 t 0 /
Criti 6. a . m
cal V 8 K u 1 m
V2 16.96 2 9 N 2 3 2
f
o N
r 2 0 /
fc 0. . m
k 0 tau 2 m
  = 0 ,c= 8 2  
SAF
E1? Yes  
d
-
d c
SAF @ e
E2? Yes d n    

29 | P a g e
 8
4
.
3
    4    
b. At
midd
le              
N
3 t 0 /
Criti 0. a . m
cal V 9 K u 0 m
V1 30.96 1 6 N 1 8 2
N
3 t 0 /
Criti 0. a . m
cal V 9 K u 0 m
V2 30.96 2 6 N 2 8 2
f
o N
r 2 0 /
fc 0. . m
k 0 tau 2 m
  = 0 ,c= 8 2  
SAF
E1? Yes  
SAF
E2? Yes            

Critical two way shear

1 t N
Criti V 2 a 0 /
cal @ 0. u . m
V@d 120.8 d/ 8 K 1 0 m
/2 3 2 3 N = 9 2
f
o N
r 2 1 /
fc 0. tau . m
k 0 ',c 1 m
  = 0 = 2 2  
SAF
E? Yes            

Reinforcement Calculations

30 | P a g e
 footing
Critical Moments depths
c m
e i
K n d e
N t d d
- e l g
M1= 17.03 m   r e e
4 3 2
5 2 0
K 0 5 0
N . . .
- 0 0 0
M2= 17.03 m D 0 0 0
4 2 1
0 7 5
0 5 0
. . .
100.0 0 0 0
  0 d 0 0 0
M
-
c m
h in
e re
Auto c in
  Trial k f  
F
7 F o
1 3 o o
7. 1. o t
0 2 f t- -
Ast1 98.26 3 5 fck y L B
5
7 0
1 3 0 1 1
7. 1. . . .
0 2 20. 0 5 5
Ast2 98.26 3 5 00 0 0 0
   
Reinf.
re dist.
Reinf. dist. in Along
Along dirn. 1 f. dirn. 2  
Mid- 731.2 m 7 Mid- 7 m
Band 5 m 3 Band 3 m

31 | P a g e
 1
1. .
2 2
2 5 5 2
7
3 0
Edge m 1. . m
- m 2 Edge- 0 m
Band 0.00 2 5 Band 0 2
   
Ba
nd
Band Wi
Widt dt
h h  
1
5
0
0
.
Mid- 1500. m Mid- 0 m
Band 00 m Band 0 m
0
Edge Edge .
Band m Band 0 m
tot. 0.00 m total 0 m
0
.
(each m (each 0 m
side) 0.00 m side) 0 m

Reinforcement Distribution
T a
n sp a r O
d o aci k e K
  Area ia s ng e a ?
  1-direction
1
1 1
5 3
1 0 0
Mid 2. 6. 23 . . Y
Band 731.2 0 4 1.9 0 9 e
: 5 0 7 9 0 7 s
Edge 0.00 1 0. 0.0 0 0 Y
Band 2. 0 0 . . e
32 | P a g e
 0 0 0
: 0 0 0 0 s
  2-direction
1
1 1
5 3
1 0 0
Mid 2. 6. 23 . . Y
Band 731.2 0 4 1.9 0 9 e
: 5 0 7 9 0 7 s
1 0 0
Edge 2. 0. . . Y
Band 0 0 0.0 0 0 e
: 0.00 0 0 0 0 0 s

33 | P a g e
7.2 Annex-3 Design of Column Base Plate

Connection of column to concrete base for axially loaded column

Grade of steel (Fe250) fy = 250 MPa

Ultimate strenght of steel fu = 410 Mpa
Grade of
concrete = M20  
Characteristics strength of concrete ( fck) = 20 Mpa
Partial safety factor governed by buckling (rmo) = 1.1  
(site
rmw = 1.5 welding)
(shop
rmb = 1.25 welding)
Dia of Anchor Bolt to be used = 16 mm
Size of
column = 150 mm 150 mm
Bearing strength of 0.45 x
concrete = fck
= 9 Mpa
Factored load on column from analysis (Pu) = 168 KN

Areq¿
Pu
bearing strength of concrete
Are of base plate required

18666.6
= 67 mm2
Size of base plate (square plate ) = 280 mm
Projection of slab base ( a, b) = 70 mm
One side of Base plate = 280 mm
Other side of Base plate = 290 mm
Maximum bearing Pressure below base plate <9 Mpa
(w) = 2.07 Mpa ok
(Note: maximum bearing pressure below base plate should not exceed the bearing strength of
concrete
2.5 w ( a 2−0.3 b 2 ) r mo
Required thickness of base plates (t) =
√ f y

= 10 mm
Therefore Provide 280mmx290mm 10 mm thick base plate
The slab base is directly connceted to the column section with a full penetration butt

34 | P a g e
 weld
Eight anchor bolts (M16) 16 mm dia of property class 4.6 may be provided to connect the base
plate with the concrete base

Design for
welds
Total axial load to be resisted by welding = 168 KN
Axial load shared by each side of column = 42 KN

Length available for welding = 150 mm

Let us
provide 10 mm fillet weld
L w xt t xf u
3 0.5 xr mw
Strength of shop weld per mm length =

284.056
= 33 KN/mm
Length of weld required in each side of < 150
column = 147.858 mm mm
Provide weld of length 150 mm

Hence, Provide 12mm thick Stiffener plate with 10mm fillet weld along all sides of Double
Channel Section with Provision of Stiffener plates.

Footing Summary
Size of Base Plate: 350 mmx 350mm of 12 mm thick

Size of RCC Column: 450x450 mm

10-16 mm dia bars in Columns

8-16mm dia of property class 4.8 anchor bolts are provided. Length of anchor bolt 400mm.

In addition to this 10mm thick stiffener plates are also provided in order to accommodate
the length of weld.

35 | P a g e
7.3 Annex-4 Design of connection for I-beams and Square tubular columns

Connection of Angle to Web of I-beam(Bolting) and Flange of Box Column (Welding) (Web-Angle
connection)

Height of End No of
I-Beam Angle Section angle Pitch distance bolts

225x200x10
ISMB250 mm 200 50 37.5 6
150x150x8m
ISMB200 m 150 50 37.5 4
150x125x8m
ISMB150 m 125 50 37.5 4
Thickness of 8 mm weld shall be provided.

7.4 Annex-5 Design of truss

1) Wind load calculation

Input Data
A) Wind pressure in Roof sign input unit
Width of Building w 11.0700 m
Length of building L 15.54 m
Eaves height H 6.00 m
Pitch height P 1.00 m

Basic wind speed Vb 47.00 m/sec

Probability Factor k1 1.00
Terrain/height/size factor k2 1.00
Topography factor K3 1.00 refer code Is 875 part3
Design Wind Speed vz 47.00 m/sec
Design wind Pressure Pd 1,325.40 N/m2
height to width ratio H/w 0.54 ratio
Picthing angle Φ 10.24 degree
Structure type A
Terrain category 2
structure class General building 50.00

36 | P a g e
Wall opening > 20% wall opening
Plan building ratio L/W 1.40
1) For Wind normal to ridge
External wind pressure cofficient windward Cpe - 1.10
( choose appropriate from Table B7 and B9)
For windward slope Cpe = - 0.54
External wind pressure cofficient Leedward Cpe - 0.60
For lee ward slope Cpe = - 0.60

internal pressure coeff. For normal permeability

Cpi 0.70
- 0.70

Combined external and internal wind pressure

Windward slope 210.61 N/m2
- 1,644.95 N/m2
leeward slope 132.54 N/m2
- 1,723.02 N/m2

2) Wind parallel to ridge

External wind pressure coefficient Cpe

On both slopes for 1/4 th length of building Cpe - 0.80

On both slopes for 1/2 th length of building Cpe - 0.60

Internal pressure coeff.for norma permeability Cpi 0.70

- 0.70
Combined External + Internal wind pressure
On both slopes for 1/4 th length of building - 132.54 N/m2
- 1,988.10 N/m2
On both slopes for 1/2 th length of building 132.54 N/m2
- 1,723.02 N/m2
So the design wind pressure is 210.61 Downward
and - 1,988.10 Upward

37 | P a g e
38 | P a g e
FIGURE 7-10 DEAD ROOF, LIVE ROOF, WIND UPLIFT AND WIND DOWNWARD
FORCES ON PURLIN

39 | P a g e
40 | P a g e
FIGURE 7-11 DESIGN RESULT OF TRUSS MEMBERS

41 | P a g e
FIGURE 7-12 DESIGN RESULT FOR BEAMS AND COLUMNS

42 | P a g e
Member Section Outside diameter mm Thickness mm
Top Chord ISNB65M 76.1 3.6
Bottom Chord ISNB65M 76.1 3.6
Inclined Members ISNB50M 60.3 3.6
Vertical Members ISNB50M 60.3 3.6
Purlins ISNB65M 76.1 3.6

43 | P a g e
 8. FIGURES OF SECTION USED

8.1 Column Sections Used

FIGURE 8-13 DOUBLE ISMC 150 COLUMNS USED

44 | P a g e
8.2 Beam sections used

45 | P a g e
FIGURE 8-14 BEAMS SECTIONS USED

46 | P a g e
 9. CONCLUSION
A Commercial Steel frame building has been fully designed using a computer program, ETABS 2016. All
the required design details of footing, column base plate, beam-column connection has been provided.

Best-approaches have been adopted for most-economical design yet fulfilling all the requirements for
commercial building. Due considerations have been given to the probable increase in load, with sufficient
load factors.

Also, foundation tie-beams in addition to regular tie-beam at plinth level is provided. During construction,
it is mandatory to follow IS13920 for concrete works and for steel structure IS800:2007 is strictly followed
with relevant references as needed.

Strict Control over quality of materials and workmanship is required for expected performance of
building in future. Hence, following shall be considered during construction works to obtain expected
results.
A. General:
a. All works to be carried out in accordance with current best practice, Building Regulations, the
project specification and relevant Nepal Building Code (NBC), Indian Standards and Codes of
Practice. Materials and components to be appropriate for their intended use.
b. The construction-works shall only be carried-out by trained mason with supervision of Engineer.
c. During construction, the contractor shall be responsible for maintaining the structure in a stable
condition and ensuring no part shall be damaged under construction activities.
d. Workmanship and materials are to be in accordance with the relevant current Standards including
all amendments and the local statutory authorities, except where varied by the contract document.
e. All coarse aggregate used shall be crushed stone aggregate. The nominal size of coarse-
aggregate for RC bands and splints shall not exceed 12.5mm.
f. Clean sand, with minimum silt and free from clay and organic materials shall be used.
g. Ordinary Portland cement conforming to IS 269:1976 shall be used for all cement works.
h. At least 48 hours’ notice shall be provided for all engineering inspections.

B. Structural:
1. Cast-In-Situ concrete/micro-concrete shall have minimum 28 days’ compressive cube strength of
20N/mm² for all structural members unless otherwise stated.
2. The concrete compressive strength shall be measured on 150*150*150mm cube at 28 days, for
various structural elements.
3. Reinforcing steel shall be TOR having minimum yield strength of 415N/mm². However, TMT rebar
with ultimate strain not less than 14.5% can also be used.
4. Cover to main reinforcing steel be in accordance with IS 456:1978 & as specified in the structural
drawings.
5. Clear Cover of Concrete shall not be less than that given below:
a. Concrete surface at soil = 50mm
b. Concrete on PCC, Bricks, STONE, etc = 25mm
6. Unless otherwise specified, all horizontal & vertical construction joints shall be roughened.
7. A minimum of 48 hours’ notice shall be given to the Engineer before applying plaster,
concrete/micro concrete is poured, in order that the formwork and/or reinforcement may be
inspected.

47 | P a g e
 8. All the structural steel should be of fy 250. All the fabrication processes should be
carried as per IS 800:2007, clause 17.
9. All structural steel should be shop welded unless strict supervision provided by the
experienced engineer
10. All R.C.C work shall be continuously cured for 14-days.
11. All cement plaster works shall be continuously cured for 7 days.
12. Any damage to surface during erection/construction is to be made good.
13. Site Engineer shall be responsible for carrying out all the detailed works in accordance with the
details provided in the report and shall immediately contact to the design engineer if any changes in
the design is to be done or if any problem arises.

48 | P a g e