Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Name: CHRISTIE V.
MONTANO BSN – 3
Subject: NCM 112
Clinical Instructor: MYKA ALLENE CATOTO, RN
1. In table form, compare and contrast the upper respiratory tract infections according
to causes, incidence, clinical manifestations, management (medical and nursing), and
significance of preventive health care.
UPPER SIGNIFICANCE
RESPIRATORY CAUSES INCIDENCE CLINICAL MANAGEMENT OF
MANIFESTATIONS PREVENTIVE
TRACT
INFECTION CARE
RHINITIS Associated Rhinitis often MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

with coexists with Rhinorrhea
exposure to other Antihistamines
airborne respiratory Nasal (sneezing)
particles such disorders, Corticosteroids
as dust, plant such as congestion (severe congestion)
pollens, dust asthma. It Oral decongestants
mite feces, affects Nasal discharge (nasal obstruction)
Dog dander between 10% Ophthalmic agents
Cat dander and 30% of Sneezing (irritation, itching and redness
Cockroach the of the eyes
droppings population Pruritus
and molds worldwide Significance of preventive
annually. In Headache care:
the For allergy relief and for
Philippines, prevention of infection’s
the complications.
prevalence is
20% among NURSING MANAGEMENT
Filipino adults.
1. Teaching patient
self – care like
avoidance to
exposure to
allergens and
irritants.
Significance of preventive
care:
For the patient to
independently take care of
themselves and to avoid the
occurrence of the infection.
2. Education on
correct
administration of
nasal medication.
care:
For the patient to be aware
about the proper and correct
application of nasal
medications and to maximize
its effectiveness.
3. Hand hygiene
care:
To prevent bacterial and viral
transmission.
4. Education about
influenza
vaccination
care:
For the patient to be aware of
the importance of vaccination
and for the patient to submit
themselves for a yearly flu
vaccination as protection
against viral and bacterial
infections.
VIRAL Rhinoviruses Colds caused Low grade MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
RHINITIS by fever
rhinoviruses Adequate fluid intake, rest and
tend to occur Nasal prevention of chilling
in the early congestion
fall and Expectorants
spring. Nasal
Other viruses discharge Warm water gargles
tend to cause
winter colds Halitosis NSAIDs
Sneezing Antihistamine
Teary watery Significance of preventive

eyes care:
Scratchy or For the aid of relief and for the

sore throat prevention of further
complications.
Headache
NURSING MANAGEMENT
Chills and
muscle aches 1. Teach patient about
self – care
care:
For the patient to
independently take care of
themselves and to avoid the
occurrence of the infection in
the future.
2. Hand washing
care:
To prevent bacterial and viral
transmission.
3. Use of tissue or clean

cloth when coughing or
sneezing.
care:
Proper cough etiquette, to
stop the spread of
bacteria/virus and droplet
/airborne transmission as well.
PHARYNGITIS Viruses In the Fiery – red MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

United States, pharyngeal
approximately membrane and Viral
Adenovirus 15 million tonsils - Supportive
health care measures
Influenza visits are due White – purple
virus to pharyngitis exudate Bacterial
each year - Antimicrobial
Epstein–Barr because of Enlarge and agents such as
virus environmen- tender cervical Penicillin (5 days)
tal exposure lymph nodes If Allergy;
herpes to viral agents Cephalosporin macrolides
simplex virus and poorly Fever 3 days – Azithromycin
ventilated 5 days – cefuroxime
rooms, the Malaise
Bacterial incidence of Significance of preventive
viral care:
group A beta- pharyngitis To treat the infection and to
hemolytic peaks during prevent further complications
streptococcus winter and such as sinusitis, otitis media,
(GABHS) early spring in mastoiditis, cervical adenitis,
regions that pneumonia, meningitis, and
streptococcal have warm the like.
pharyngitis
summers and
cold winters. NURSING MANAGEMENT
groups B
1. Symptomatic
and G
management
streptococci,
care:
Neisseria
Support therapy that only
gonorrhoeae,
affects the symptoms and not
underlying case. Thus,
Mycoplasma
alleviating the symptoms is
pneumoniae,
important role of the nurse.
2. Use of warm saline

C.
gargles
Pneumonia
care:
This will help relieve
Arcanobac - toothache symptoms and
terium scratchy throat while salt pulls
the mucus out of the swollen,
haemolyticum, inflamed tissue and relieve the
discomfort.
HIV
3. Encourage mouth care
care:
Oral hygiene is important to
get rid of the accumulation
bacteria that can worsen the
infection.
4. A full course of
antibiotic therapy
care:
Full treatment is necessary to
kill the disease – causing
bacteria; failure to complete
encourages bacteria to
develop antibiotic resistance.
5. Diet; liquid or soft diet
care:
Soft diet that can help provide
the nutrition the body needs
while soothing an inflamed
and sore throat.
6. Preventive measures
such as not sharing of
utensils, cleaning
telephone after use,
avoiding tobacco use
and second hand
smoke.
care:
To prevent the spread of the
infection and for tobacco use
and exposure, it can put the
person at high risk so the
patient should be advised to
stop smoking or being around
with smokers.
TONSILLITIS GABHS Frequently Sore throat MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

occurring
Epstein–Barr bacterial Fever Supportive measure
virus pathogens - Increase oral fluid
include Snoring intake
Cytomega - GABHS. The - Analgesics
lovirus most common Difficulty in - Salt water gargles
organism. swallowing - Rest
Often thought Bacterial infection
of as a - Penicillin or
childhood Cephalosporins
disorder,
tonsillitis can Tonsillectomy
occur in
adults.
NURSING MANAGEMENT
For post-operative care

1. Position the patient in
prone with the head
turned on to one side.
care:
To promote faster healing and
for bleeding prevention.
2. Do not remove oral

airway.
care:
To maintain or open a
patient’s airway for gas
exchange between patient’s
lungs and the atmosphere.
3. Assess for bleeding.
care:
The risk of haemorrhage can
be prevented.
Teach the patient self – care
4. Take the full course of
antibiotics.
care:
5. Use of alkaline
mouthwash and warm
saline solutions.
care:
This will help relieve
toothache symptoms and
scratchy throat while salt pulls
the mucus out of the swollen,
inflamed tissue and relieve the
discomfort.
6. Soft food diet and

avoidance of hot, spicy,
acidic and rough food.
care:
Soft diet that can help provide
the nutrition the body needs
while soothing an inflamed
and sore throat while avoiding
spicy, hot, acidic and rough
food can prevent irritation of
the throat.
7. Increase oral fluid
intake.
care:
To encourage enough
hydration and to avoid
dehydration.
ACUTE Bacterial Rhinosinusitis Purulent nasal MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

RHINOSINU- affects 1 in 8 discharge with
SITIS/ Streptococcus Americans; nasal
pneumonia about 30 obstruction Oral therapies
SINUSITIS million
Haemophilus people in the Cloudy or Antibiotic – bacterial cases
influenzae,
United States colored
are diagnosed discharge Corticosteroid – acute
Staphy -
lococcus with this inflammation
aureus condition Nasal
each year. Congestion Nasal saline lavage
Moraxella
catarrhalis Acute Nasal blockage Decongestants
rhinosinusitis
usually Facial pain and NURSING MANAGEMENT
Viruses follows a viral pressure
URI or cold, 1. Education of self –
Chlamydia such as an care, symptoms and
pneumonia unresolved complications.
viral or Significance of preventive
Streptococcus
bacterial care:
pyogenes,
infection, or For the patient to
Fungi an independently take care of
exacerbation themselves and to avoid the
Aspergillus of allergic occurrence of the infection in
fumigatus rhinitis. the future.
2. Teach the patient to
avoid swimming, diving
or air travel during
infection.
care:
This is to prevent the infection
from worsening.
3. Advise the patient to
stop smoking.
care:
Smoking put a person in
greater risk for upper
respiratory tract infections.
4. Teach how to use
properly the nasal
spray.
care:
For the patient to be aware
about the proper and correct
application of nasal
medications and to maximize
its effectiveness.
5. Stressed that antibiotic

treatment should be
completed.
care:


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Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

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Name: CHRISTIE V.

Subject: NCM 112

Clinical Instructor: MYKA ALLENE CATOTO, RN

RHINITIS Associated Rhinitis often MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

Teary watery Significance of preventive

Scratchy or For the aid of relief and for the

3. Use of tissue or clean

PHARYNGITIS Viruses In the Fiery – red MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

2. Use of warm saline

TONSILLITIS GABHS Frequently Sore throat MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

For post-operative care

2. Do not remove oral

6. Soft food diet and

ACUTE Bacterial Rhinosinusitis Purulent nasal MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

5. Stressed that antibiotic

Full treatment is necessary to

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