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    Red Tide: Causative Agent

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    christian quiaoit
    Red tide is caused by algal blooms that discolor coastal waters and may release toxins harmful to humans and animals. Symptoms of paralytic shellfish poisoning from ingesting contaminated seafood include tingling, burning, numbness and potentially respiratory paralysis. Treatment focuses on supportive measures like ventilator support. Prevention involves avoiding contaminated bodies of water and not eating potentially toxic seafood.

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    Red Tide: Causative Agent

    Uploaded by

    christian quiaoit
    448 views2 pages
    Red tide is caused by algal blooms that discolor coastal waters and may release toxins harmful to humans and animals. Symptoms of paralytic shellfish poisoning from ingesting contaminated seafood include tingling, burning, numbness and potentially respiratory paralysis. Treatment focuses on supportive measures like ventilator support. Prevention involves avoiding contaminated bodies of water and not eating potentially toxic seafood.

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    Red tide

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    Red tide is caused by algal blooms that discolor coastal waters and may release toxins harmful to humans and animals. Symptoms of paralytic shellfish poisoning from ingesting contaminated seafood include tingling, burning, numbness and potentially respiratory paralysis. Treatment focuses on supportive measures like ventilator support. Prevention involves avoiding contaminated bodies of water and not eating potentially toxic seafood.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    448 views2 pages

    Red Tide: Causative Agent

    Uploaded by

    christian quiaoit
    Red tide is caused by algal blooms that discolor coastal waters and may release toxins harmful to humans and animals. Symptoms of paralytic shellfish poisoning from ingesting contaminated seafood include tingling, burning, numbness and potentially respiratory paralysis. Treatment focuses on supportive measures like ventilator support. Prevention involves avoiding contaminated bodies of water and not eating potentially toxic seafood.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Red tide

     is a phenomenon caused by algal blooms during which algae become so numerous


    that they discolor coastal waters (hence the name "red tide").
     The algal bloom may also deplete oxygen in the waters and/or release toxins that
    may cause illness in humans and other animals.
     Harmful algal blooms, or HABs, occur when colonies of algae—simple plants that
    live in the sea and freshwater—grow out of control while producing toxic or
    harmful effects on people, fish, shellfish, marine mammals, and birds.

    Causative Agent
     Red tides are caused by an explosive growth and accumulation of certain
    microscopic algae, predominantly dinoflagellates, in coastal waters. Some species of
    dinoflagellates produce toxins that are among the most potent known to man.
     Mode of Transmission- ingesting of contaminated sea foods (clams, mussels , fish,
    shellfish etc)

    Incubation Period- These symptoms were described as having a rapid onset


    (median incubation of 3 hours), mild, and of short duration (maximum malaise and vertigo
    up to 72 hours.

    Signs and Symptoms


     Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) is a syndrome that people can develop if they eat
    seafood contaminated by a red tide.
     Tingling
     Burning
     Numbness
     Drowsiness
     incoherent speech
     and respiratory paralysis
     severe cases result in respiratory arrest within 24 hours of consumption of the toxic
    shellfish.

    Other shellfish poisoning syndromes include:


     Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). ASP symptoms include nausea, vomiting, and
    diarrhea. If left untreated, it may lead to permanent damage to the central nervous
    system.
     Diarrheal shellfish poisoning (DSP). DSP may cause nausea, vomiting, and
    abdominal cramps, and individuals are prone to becoming extremely dehydrated.
     Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP). NSP can cause vomiting, nausea, and other
    neurological symptoms as well.

    Diagnostic Procedure
     ask about Recent shellfish ingestion
     toxin testing related to the microscopic epidemiology of red tide

    Treatment Modalities
     Anticurare drugs were ineffective, while DL amphetamine (benzedrine) was most
    effective in aiding the artificial respiration and decreasing the recovery period.
     supportive measures are the basis of treatment for PSP, especially ventilatory
    support in severe cases.
     Close monitoring for at least 24 hours and aggressive airway management at any
    sign of respiratory compromise should prevent severe morbidity and mortality.

    Nursing Management
     Gastrointestinal decontamination with activated charcoal is recommended for
    patients who present within 4 hours of ingestion.
     Nasogastric or orogastric lavage may be performed if the patient presents within 1
    hour of ingestion, but this is often unnecessary.
     If gastric lavage is performed, the use of isotonic sodium bicarbonate solution as a
    lavage irrigant has been suggested because many of the shellfish toxins have
    reduced potency in an alkaline environment.

    Prevention
     Avoid entering bodies of water that have a distinct foul odor, appear discolored, or
    have foam, scum, or algal mats (sheet-like accumulations of blue-green algae) on the
    surface.
     Follow local or state guidance about the safety of the water.
     Check environmental or state websites for local beach or lake closures before
    visiting.
     Do not drink directly from lakes, rivers, or ponds.
     Do not fish, swim, boat, or participate in water sports in areas experiencing a red
    tide.
     Rinse off pets with clean water after they’ve been in the pond, lake, or ocean. Do not
    allow them to lick their fur until they’ve been rinsed.
     Follow local guidance when consuming harvested fish or shellfish.
     Avoid eating large reef fish.

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