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The Jugaad Technology (Indigenous Innovations) (A Case Study of Indian Origin)

Article · April 2011

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APJRBM Volume 2, Issue 4 (April, 2011) ISSN 2229-4104

The Journal of Sri Krishna Research & Educational Consortium

ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF RESEARCH

IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Internationally Indexed & Listed Referred e-Journal

THE JUGAAD TECHNOLOGY

(INDIGENOUS INNOVATIONS)
(A CASE STUDY OF INDIAN ORIGIN)

SANJEET SINGH*; GAGANDEEP SHMARMA**; MANDEEP MAHENDRU***

*BBSB Engineering College Fatehgarh Sahib

E-mail: singh.sanjeet2008@gmail.com
**BBSB Engineering College Fatehgarh Sahib
E-mail: gagan.is.sharma@gmail.com
***Gyan Jyoti Institute of Management Chandigarh
E-mail: mandip129@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

"The jugaad mindset is crucial. It's not just jargon." says Ananth Krishnan, chief
technology officer of Tata Consultancy Services. Jugaad or Indigenous
innovation is the tool not a jargon it is the basically a mindset of the innovator. In
which he used his/her skills and traits to make things in productive way. Jugaad
is the most economical way to do task or a particular work. In India there is huge
problem of employment in rural as well in urban areas jugaad is the new
opportunity to those youth who has some new ideas and they are willing to do the
work this provide self employment to the youth in their own areas or regions it
also helps in inclusive growth of the India. This study will find the scope of the

so that everyone can use these as per in Indian rural areas the scarcity is more
for employment as well as for resources. We used the case study method for the
evaluation. The cases are taken from different parts of rural India.

KEYWORDS: Jugaad, Indigenous innovation, Rural India, Patent.

___________________________________________________________________________

INTRODUCTION economical way to do task or a particular

work. Jugaad is mostly used in small scale
1. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY or cottage industries in India. In India
Jugaad is an Indian philosophy, but it's not
Jugaad or Indigenous innovation is the tool
unique to India.
not a jargon it is the basically a mindset of
the innovator. In which he used his/her "The jugaad mindset is crucial. It's not just
skills and traits to make things in jargon." says Ananth Krishnan, chief
productive way. Jugaad is the most

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technology officer of Tata Consultancy get around, or deal with, prohibitive rules
Services.
seems to embody it. Jugaad is shortcut to
Many forgein companies come to India to the approaches but it does not include the
for new ideas specially in the field of in legal work it is done in the four coroner
information technology they set up their of the law.
branches in India they see that Indian
minds are full of new ideas. They make The concept of jugaad technology is also
close look on the Indian industries to see related with the innovation. To understand
new innovation or jugaad. the jugaad properly there is a need to
understand that what is innovation?
Jugaad is the technique to add value in the
product. Jugaad is the different way to do
job or task which may not be performed in
the present system or condition. Basically
it is brainstorming process in which many MAHATMA GANDHI
ideas come in mind and taking them into
feasible arena weather they are practical or Innovation can be defined as the
not after that choosing the best alternative application of knowledge to create
solution for that problem which is additional value and wealth. Innovation
economical at that time. involves using knowledge to find new
ways to create and bring about change for
In jugaad technology the innovator or
the better. This definition of innovation
jugaadee men have to rational in the
has implications for the types of activities
nature. He has to thinking new ideas or
within businesses that can be considered
finding new paths to get the mission
innovative. First, innovation does not
completed these path are easy to use and
necessarily involve technology and
easy to understand and easy to apply
technological knowledge. Successful
without much changing the current system
innovation can involve the use of any type
it is the process to manage the available
of knowledge, provided its application
resources in a such a way that maximum
results in additional value and wealth.
output can be generated in many of the
Second, innovation is not invention.
cases the jugadee person use the scrap
stuff things in such a way that it full fill its
Innovation may not even require the
all needs. Jugaad is not used in India but it
creation of new knowledge be it to the
is globally accepted thing in some nations
world or to the firm. What it does require
this is might be known as innovation but in
is the inspired application of knowledge
Indian context it is called as jugaad.
(old or new) to create additional value.
In India there is huge problem of Given this, it is problematic to equate
employment in rural as well in urban areas business innovation with business R&D
jugaad is the new opportunity to those expenditure. R&D involves the creation of
youth who has some new ideas and they new knowledge which can be an
are willing to do the work this provide self important, but is not a necessary
employment to the youth in their own component in the innovation process.
areas or regions it also helps in inclusive Moreover, R&D is associated only with
growth of the India. Jugaad If we the creation of a specific type of
knowledge, while innovative activities can
ingenuity and improvisation required to involve the creation and use of a broader

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range of knowledge. While R&D is an Jugaad is most popular thing in India but it
indicator of scientific knowledge creation has not undergone through the research
it says little about how that knowledge is
applied to create value and wealth. For them and use for self-purpose. This study
instance, the potential disconnect between will find the scope of the indigenous
expenditure on R&D and the creation of
value was highlighted in a recent global the patent of the technology so that
survey of corporate R&D spending by everyone can use these as per in Indian
Booz Allen Hamilton which found no rural areas the scarcity is more for
direct relationship between R&D spending employment as well as for resources.
and significant measures of corporate
success. R&D is undoubtedly an important In the northern region i.e. Punjab,
innovative activity in business, but the Haryana, there are so many villages where
above analysis calls into question the the people used the jugaad as the mean of
usefulness of business R&D expenditure transport or caring goods one place to the
as an indicator of total business other place. With the help of their
innovation. This point is borne out in a available resources they make the vehicle
number of studies that have found little with the help of Peter engine which is used
correlation between business R&D as the pump in the farm or in other course
expenditure and the level of reported of action.
innovation within firms.
In this I would explore the entire jugadee
thing in my research in the context of
2. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
Indian prospect.
To understand the benefits of There are so many research take place but
innovation in production. no such thing research is done in the
To explore the concept and application jugaad field.This is exploratory research in
of jugaad technology for innovation which I explain the jugaad is new tool of
purposes. production which would add value in the
To bring out suggestion for making product jugaad is so much helpful to the
jugaad technology more successful in new entrepreneur jugaad provided new
the global production scenario. idea of production which is economical.
To find out the available ways for the
patent (exclusive rights) of jugaad 4. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
technology. Scope means that where this approach is
applicable the scope is jugaad in this
3. NEED OF THE STUDY research is basically divided into two parts.
It was clearly seems that there are so many
researches take places in every field 4.1 GEOGRAPHICAL AREA
whether it relates to production, marketing,
human resources, fianace, these reserves
take place in the western world or in the In this study geographical means study is
east of Asia(Japan) but in the south east done in north region of the India basically
Asia there is no such research is done. it includes Punjab, Haryana rural area
where the people mind set is innovator
they used scrape thing into the used full
manner.

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4.2 SUCCESS MEASURE AS Secondary data is that data which already

INNOVATION been collected and passed through the
statistical process.
In this study success is measure as new
innovation it means there is no such Published Sources such as Newspapers
parameter to measure the success, but and Magazines etc.
changing to the new environment leads to
dynamic of the person which is new This research is based on both primary
innovation so success is measure as data & secondary data. Secondary data are
changing in the environment or adjustment used for three research purposes. First,
in that system. they till a need for a specific reference or
citation on some point perhaps in a
5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
research proposal, to demonstrate why the
The research methodology, used for this proposed research fills a void in the
study, is case study method because this is knowledge base. Research typically calls
a new concept and there were not much for early exploration to learn if the past
study or data available so the exploratory can contribute to the present study. Data
study is the most suitable for this. I used from secondary sources to help you decide
interview method and interviewed people what further research needs to be done and
who are using the jugaad technology for can be a rich source of hypotheses.
their agriculture purpose or for others as Secondly, Secondary data are an integral
well. part of a larger research study or of a
research report to justify having bypassed
5.1 SAMPLE the costs and benefits of doing primary
research. Finally, secondary data may be
The samples are taken from the rural used as the sole basis for a research study,
Punjab. The sample was taken from the since in many research situations one
farmers or other people who are using cannot conduct primary research because
jugaad in one way or the other. of physical, legal, or cost influences
Retrospective research often requires the
5.2 DATA COLLECTION use of published data.
PRIMARY DATA 5.3 DATA ANALYSIS
Primary data is that data, which is In this study only the text tool is applied
collected for the first, time and thus for the data analysis. Text tool is applied
happened to be original in nature. on the case study method this research
The primary data has been collected study is also a case study on the jugaad
through the personal interviews of the technology so no such type of test can be
conducted on this research study.
I asked them about the story behind that This research is done by the method of
innovation and about the usefulness as case study, in this I have consider many
well as about the number of people or case where the jugaad technology is used
for the value addiction or to solve the
SECONDARY DATA problem in the economical way. In this
study I have to consider only those cases
which are relevant to the jugaad

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technology or indeed the jugaad emerging business, is holding Jugaad

technology works in it. workshops to help store personnel and
managers come up with new products or
6. REVIEW OF LITERATURE services that could be added easily and
inexpensively to generate more sales per
Not much research has been done on
store. Among the ideas: home health-care
Jugaad technology or indigenous
equipment. Top executives at Cisco, which
innovation. There are only some work
opened what the San Jose (Calif.)
done by the Universities and researchers in
company calls a second global
the same context.
headquarters in Bangalore in 2007, are
Prasad Kaipa, a former manager at importing the Indian mindset as they meld
Apple's (AAPL) in-house training teams of U.S. engineers with Indian
university, uses jugaad in the courses he's supervisors. "The innovation agenda in
teaching at Hyderabad's Indian School of India is affordability and scale," says Wim
Business. The University of Michigan's Elfrink, Cisco's chief globalization officer,
Ross School of Business, where high who moved from San Jose to Bangalore in
profile Indian-born professor C.K. 2007. "People are masters of managing
Prahalad teaches, has opened a research costs down, but not creativity. If Indian
office near Infosys' headquarters in India engineers find out an executive has an
so faculty members can observe how MBA, they will say, 'Unlearn, and
Indian software companies come up with observe.' " The effort is beginning to show
ideas. McKinsey consultants have begun up in the marketplace. Last January, Cisco
talking up jugaad principles with clients, acquired Richards-Zeta Building
too. Jugaad has been a colloquialism for Intelligence, a 21-year-old company whose
decades throughout India. Sandeep Vij, software measures a building's energy
vice-president and general manager of usage through wall sensors and displays it
Cisco Systems in Bangalore who heads a via the Web. Although Richards-Zeta still
new unit that makes energy-monitoring is headquartered in Goleta, Calif., it has
systems, says a good example is an Indian been managed from Bangalore, where
villager who constructs a vehicle to Cisco's emerging technologies group
transport goats and cattle by turning an researches real estate and energy-related
irrigation hand pump into a makeshift software. The Bangalore staff approaches
diesel engine for a wooden cart. Its its work with a different set of assumptions
application also can be seen in Tata than Americans typically do: that power
Motors' (TTM) much-hyped Nano, a bare- supplies are unreliable and that demand is
bones subcompact car that the Indian surging as urban populations expand.
company sells for the equivalent of $2,500 Sensing a broader market for the Richards-
to so-called bottom-of-the-pyramid Zeta technology, the Indian-led teams
consumers who had been priced out of the have, in just a few months, come up with
auto market. "At Tata Group, we're used to products such as software that allows
thinking like this," says Ananth Krishnan, companies to monitor energy consumption
chief technology officer of Tata across all buildings on a campus or even
Consultancy Services. "The Jugaad internationally. Clients include Google
mindset is crucial. It's not just jargon." which is using the program at its Mountain
U.S. companies are starting to put jugaad View (Calif.) headquarters, and data-
into practice. At Best Buy's headquarters, storage company Net App, which uses it at
in Richfield, Minn., Kalendu Patel, the all its properties, from Sunnyvale, Calif.,
retailer's executive vice-president for to Amsterdam. Other Jugaad proponents

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such as Kaipa of the Indian School of FEATURE OF THIS JUGAAD.

Business say companies are adopting
Indiastyle innovation without even (a) Cover more area in less time.
knowing it. The ex-Apple researcher
points out that the iPhone maker is a (b) Economical in use.
champ at repurposing existing ideas and
technologies in simple ways which enables (c) No harm to health.
it to reduce R&D outlays and produce
high-margin products. "Jugaad is an Indian (d) Easy to drive in the farm.
philosophy, but it's not unique to India,"
Kaipa says. "Companies in all parts of the (e) Ideal for medium or small
world can learn from it and make it work farm those are in 1acre to 5
for them, too." acre.

7. THE CASES AND (f) Benefits in cash crops.

INTERPRETATION
(g) No need to refill.
In this chapter I discuss the jugaad
technology with the help of various case HOW ITS WORKS?
study along with the picture of product in
In this type there is no need to buy
which the jugaad is applied. How the value
anything new from the market just to
can be added by using the jugaad
manage the current item in proper way. In
technology in the production.
above it Cleary shows that using the power
7.1 JUGGAD IN THE AGRICULTURE of motorbike engine run the pump and
create the air pressure in the tank in which
MOTORBIKE TO SPRAY the pesticide kept due to the air pressure it
PESTICIDE IN THE FARM releases from the nozzle those are behind
the rider it very easy to set the set and
easy to remove from the bike for other
purpose.
It easy to drive in the small space of the
farm, it cover maximum area in the
minimum time only one person can make
all the farm pest free in his one shift. There
is no need to refill the spry pump in the
tradition way only the 25 to 35 liters of
drug is carried but in this way capacity is
increased by 4times now without any
problem one man can carry 125liters to
150 liters of drug which save the time as
A farmer shows with his motorbike to spry well as the it leads to proper mixing of
pesticide in the farm. consternation with the water.

In the upper image Cleary shows that a It also helpful in the health of the farmer,
farmer sprays pesticides with the help of in the village most of the people fall to ill
the motorbike. This is displayed at the and many of them died due to inhaul the
exhibition at farmer mela. pesticide along the breath. With the use of

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this jugaad of spray the person not spent

much time in that infected area he just
passes out in quick time.
It is also economical to use only one
person can spry whole the field in single
shift without the help of other. It save the
cost of the farmer which is spent on labour
used to spry the pesticide.
In case of cash crop where the number of
times of spry is used it ideal for those
farmer.

TOOL USED TO PULL OUT THE

GRASS OUT OF THE PADDY
Dharamvir (46), who once used to pull a
rickshaw in New Delhi, spent four days at
Rashtrapati Bhawan last week. The
middle-aged farmer from Damla was one
of the 36 innovators from rural India who
were hosted by Rashtrapati Bhawan at the
National Grassroots Innovation Exhibition
held for the first time on its sprawling
campus.

As a rickshaw-puller, Dharamvir found the

going tough in New Delhi and returned
home in 1987. However, he had only two
acres and a little more. He started growing
Aloe Vera, but had no money to buy even
a manual extractor to squeeze out the
This is used in the west Bengal region juice. Extracting the juice manually was
where the main crop is paddy the phases a expensive and time consuming.
problem how to pull out grass from the
paddy field rather to use the pesticide in The determined farmer resolved to jig a
the farm because the most of the framer machine for his own use. After several
are below the poverty line so the hardly years of hard work, he came up with a
manage the seeds to cultivate the farm. So low-cost multi-processing unit, which
they make a comb type tool to pull out the works as a juicer, grinder, mixer, steamer
grass from the field. and boiler, besides performing other tasks.
-processing machine can crush
They make this by modification in the tool and extract juice or oil from herbs, fruits
which is used in dairy farming, this is
commonly known as digging purposes it is of course his first visit to Rashtrapati
very easy to use and there is no maintained Bhawan, where the innovators were
cost. treated as special guests. Overwhelmed
after his visit to the Mughal Gardens and a
7.2 JUGAAD AS meeting with President Pratibha Patil and
ENTREPRENEURSHIP
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her husband Devisingh Patil, Dharamvir is (5 cents) and can vary depending on the
even more elated at the response his
machine received at the exhibition. local transport system for farmers. It was
Devisingh Patil and Delhi Chief Minister conceived to meet a transportation need.
Sheila Dikshit evinced keen interest in the
unit and wanted to buy a few of these n
machines. He even received orders for Haryana because automobile companies
supplying his machines to several other protested to the government. Madhya
countries, including Kenya. While he Pradesh also banned it, but the ban was
admits to earn Rs 60,000 to Rs 80,000 ignored after many people complained.
every month, he has provided employment The lobbying for the bans was
to 30 women in his village, who help him spearheaded by auto makers on the pretext
grow strawberry, Aloe Vera, mushroom of safety. That is a difficult argument to
and several fruits.
5 miles per hour.
The plantation and juice processing keep
them busy while Dharamvir spends time in
fine-tuning his machine. that no luxury automobile can claim

there is no individual inventor! Moreover,

because it is made from waste materials, it
JUGAAD ON WHEELS is good for the environment. Technology
must be accessible and controllable. When
technology becomes too big, and is not
subject to democratic and social controls,
it leads to a lot of corruption. One of the
greatest technology needs of urban India is
non-polluting public transport that can
create millions of jobs.

JUGAAD IN THREE WHEELS

manufactured from discarded parts of

tractors, cars, and in one case, aircraft
tires. It runs on a 5 horse power diesel This type is most popular in sub urban area
engine and it costs under Rs. 10,000 (US where the first part of motorbike is used as
$225). But it adequately serves the purpose engine and rest or rear part is the caring
for which it was built. It takes produce trolley it can easily carried five to six
from the farm to the market. It drops person and load up to 1000kg. it solve the
children to school. It transports old people two main issue of the villager one is the
around the village. The fare is about Rs. 2

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pickup truck and public transport it is not JUGAAD ON SCOOTER

band yet because it has engine number and
registration vehicle number. Because its
first part is motorbike which full fill the all
the obligation.
It cost to 10,000 to 15,000Rs. But in same
way they are customized product which
means there prices can be vary to product
and feature.

SUGARCANE JUICE EXTRACTOR

IN MOVING TROLLEY In the above a juice extractor or oil seed
extractor is fitted on the scooter. This rear
seen in the normal day. In this the rear seat
of the scooter is removed and a extractor is
fitted on the back seat this is easily carried
to one place to another it is run by the
power of scooter engine and the speed is
controlled by the race of the scooter. The
idea was generated when a person sold his
old scooter to a scrap dealer in between a
person also sold a juice extractor to him.
On a mean while a person came and
In the summer season this the common bought both the things and makes them
seen in the north region a sugarcane into the value addiction. The wheel of the
extractor is everywhere but now there is juice extractor is connected by a belt with
change in that change is that it can run up the scooter engine from where it received
to the speed of 15km per hour and it is the kenotic energy and comes in function.
easily to drive on the road and it can also 7.4 JUGAAD AS SHED
carries the load which included sugarcane
and other products it full fill the all the
requirement of the juice vender.
In this jugaad a peter engine is used which
done all the jobs like run the trolley and
also run the juice extractor as well it
consumes 5litrs diesel per day which
means that it is very economical it is also
certified by the MCD (municipal
corporation) it is made of some scrap
product it include parts of cycle and also
some part of the motorbike it easily drive
on the roads of city as well as on rural This type of shed is made of empty tin of
areas also. By using this jugaad a person ghee. These are most common in the north
can easily go to the good point where the west area of the India this type of shed is
sale can be improved, person can easily made up of couple of empty tin they joined
earn up to the Rs.300 to 350 per day. by the wire or same type of stuff where the

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empty tin are avail in the scrap it are used There is a need that we commercialize
for these type of sheds it provide cool
shadow in the days of June and July. need of government initiative as well
as there is a need that the innovators
It is based on the significance theory that will not just use the innovations for
the hot air goes upward the empty tin themselves but provide those
contain hot air and rest of the area is filled techniques for the well-being of the
with the cold air. These shads are also very society as well. There is a requirement
durable in the life of use these are mostly from the government that they identify
seen in the Rajasthan area where the this kind of work and provide them
people are not above the poverty line they sufficient funds as well as
collect the tin tin the scrap and make them infrastructure as well because in the
into the productive way. This is the basic country like India the jugaad will be
rule of jugaad is adding the value in the very beneficiary as well as effective.
non productive things.

8. FINDINGS & CONCLUSION 8.2 BENEFITS OF MARKETING

JUGAAD
Jugaad is not new tool in the production,
it is not explored or defined by the user In the case study of jugaad as vehicle the
who use it first it is just used for his own, cost of that vehicle is so cheaper that it
benefits and end at his own home. Jugaad comes in the Rs.10,000. Because it made
is the economical way of production and from the scrap of tractor parts or old diesel
used for value addiction in the production engine parts. In the market there is huge
line. demand of this product which can easily
come in the lower level of income people.
8.1 FINDINGS In the most of the villages where single
shopkeeper provide all the products such
Jugaad is very much beneficiary as as food items, departmental product e.tc.
well as economic. People who are To full fill that demand he used to go
using jugaad save a huge money by nearby towns or city from where he buys
this so that they are earning more profit that product. Mostly these people used
than the others. scooter or bicycle as the medium of the
transport or a loading vehicle. If the jugaad
vehicle is marketed to those people who
Jugaad is basically the mindset of the came in just ten thousand rupees they
jugadee (innovator) and it is the surely bought those vehicle.
customized technology, which means it
is different from place to place. If we consider the case of TATA Ace, or
Basically jugaad is the mixture of art TATA Nano car these product are made to
and science because it has no fixed fill the gap in the market of lower income
rules but it needs some technical people. But these products are still very
knowhow for taking its benefits. It is costly to those Indian who are using the
an art in the sense it is used in different bicycle. Or dreamed about ht motorbike,
situation according to the condition of jugaad fill the gap of the market.
the job in this part Jugadee person uses
his own traits and skills of the person. LOW COST OF MAINTENANCE
Jugaad is the low maintenance vehicle
because it has no such complication in the

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operating laymen can understand all the person use its own traits and skills of the
function of the vehicle it is made up of person.
peter engine which is used a pump in the
farm. If there is any troubleshoot arises the Jugaad is the tool not a jargon it is the
owner or the user can easily rectified that basically a mindset of the innovator. In
problem. which he used his/her skills and traits to
make things in productive way. Jugaad is
JUGAAD AS THE MEDIUM OF the most economical way to do task or a
TRANSPORT particular work. Jugaad is mostly used in
small scale or cottage industries in India.
In rural India most of parts are facing the In India Jugaad is an Indian philosophy,
problem of transport facility for their daily but it's not unique to India.
use or in case of medical help to the
villagers all the vans are costly but he Jugaad is the technique to add value in the
Jugaad can the solution of their problem product. Jugaad is the different way to do
which have the capacity to fit more than 8 job or task which may not be performed in
to 10 person in one time and the the present system or condition. Basically
consumption is fuel is also very low and it is brainstorming process in which many
the cost is also very cheap. It can be easily ideas come in mind and taking them into
purchased by the Panchat of the village. feasible arena weather they are practical or
not after that choosing the best alternative
8.3 CONCLUSION solution for that problem which is
economical at that time.
In jugaad technology the innovator or
jugadee men have to rational in the nature.
According to the study the only thing is
He has to thinking new ideas or finding
matter is the will power of the innovator or
new paths to get the mission completed
the Jugadde person. It is art of manage
these path are easy to use and easy to
things in a way, so that the maximum
understand and easy to apply without
output can be obtained.
much changing the current system it is the
Demand is unlimited, but sources are process to manage the available resources
scare, choosing that option which provides in a such a way that maximum output can
be generated in many of the cases the
jugadee person use the scrap stuff things in
CHOOSING THE BEST ONE IS THE such a way that it full fill its all needs.
JUGAAD Jugaad is not used in India but it is
globally accepted thing in some nations
Jugaad is the basically the mindset of the this is might be known as innovation but in
jugadee (innovator) and it is the Indian context it is called as jugaad.
customized technology means it is
different from place to place. Basically 9. REFERENCES
jugaad is the mixture of art and science
because it has no fixed rules and but it Bhavan, U. (2006), The National Strategy
needs some technical knowhow for take its , New Delhi National
benefits. Art in the sense it is used in Manufacturing Competitiveness.
different situation according to the
condition of the job in this part Jugadee Chandler, A.D. (1990), Scale and Scope:
the dynamics of Industrial Capitalism,
Harvard University Press.
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