The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the face and neck. It summarizes the skin, bones, muscles, nerves, arteries and veins of both regions. The face has three divisions of the trigeminal nerve that supply different areas. The neck contains important structures like the carotid sheath and cervical vertebrae. Lymph nodes are arranged in both regional and deep groups in the head and neck area.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the face and neck. It summarizes the skin, bones, muscles, nerves, arteries and veins of both regions. The face has three divisions of the trigeminal nerve that supply different areas. The neck contains important structures like the carotid sheath and cervical vertebrae. Lymph nodes are arranged in both regional and deep groups in the head and neck area.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the face and neck. It summarizes the skin, bones, muscles, nerves, arteries and veins of both regions. The face has three divisions of the trigeminal nerve that supply different areas. The neck contains important structures like the carotid sheath and cervical vertebrae. Lymph nodes are arranged in both regional and deep groups in the head and neck area.
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the face and neck. It summarizes the skin, bones, muscles, nerves, arteries and veins of both regions. The face has three divisions of the trigeminal nerve that supply different areas. The neck contains important structures like the carotid sheath and cervical vertebrae. Lymph nodes are arranged in both regional and deep groups in the head and neck area.
connective tissue, in which are embedded the muscles of facial expression. No deep fascia is present in the face. Sensory Nerves of the Face Three divisions of the trigeminal nerve
• The ophthalmic nerve supplies
the region developed from the frontonasal process; • The maxillary nerve serves the region developed from the maxillary process of the first pharyngeal arch; • The mandibular nerve serves the region developed from the mandibular process of the first pharyngeal arch. Ophthalmic Nerve
• supplies the skin of the forehead, the upper eyelid,
the conjunctiva, and the side of the nose down to and including the tip. • Lacrimal nerve • Supraorbital nerve • Supratrochlear nerve • Infratrochlear nerve • External nasal nerve Lacrimal nerve
• supplies the skin and conjunctiva of the lateral part
of the upper eyelid Supraorbital nerve
• winds around the upper
margin of the orbit at the supraorbital notch.
• It divides into branches
that supply the skin and conjunctiva on the central part of the upper eyelid; it also supplies the skin of the forehead Supratrochlear nerve
• winds around the upper margin of
the orbit medial to the supraorbital nerve. Infratrochlear nerve
• leaves the orbit below the
pulley of the superior oblique muscle.
• It supplies the skin and
conjunctiva on the medial part of the upper eyelid and the adjoining part of the side of the nose External nasal nerve
• leaves the nose by
emerging between the nasal bone and the upper nasal cartilage.
• It supplies the skin on the
side of the nose down as far as the tip Maxillary Nerve
• supplies the skin on the posterior part of the side of
the nose, the lower eyelid, the cheek, the upper lip, and the lateral side of the orbital opening. Three branches of the nerve pass to the skin
Branches • Submental artery • Inferior labial artery • Superior labial artery • Lateral nasal artery • Superficial temporal artery • Transverse facial artery • Supraorbital and Supratrochlear arteries, Venous Drainage of the Face
• Facial vein – formed at the medial angle of the eye by the union of the supraorbital and supratrochlear veins Lymph Drainage of the Face Bones of the Face Muscles of the Face (Muscles of Facial Expression) Facial Nerve
• Temporal branch • Zygomatic branch • Buccal branch • Mandibular branch • Cervical branch The Neck • region of the body that lies between the lower margin of the mandible above and the suprasternal notch and the upper border of the clavicle below. Skin of the Neck
• Natural lines of cleavage of the skin are constant and
run almost horizontally around the neck. Cutaneous Nerves Superficial Fascia
• forms a thin layer that encloses the platysma muscle.
• embedded in it are the cutaneous nerves referred to
in the previous section, the superficial veins, and the superficial lymph nodes. Superficial Veins Tributaries
The external jugular vein has the following tributaries:
• Posterior auricular vein
• Posterior division of the retromandibular vein • Posterior external jugular vein • Transverse cervical vein • Suprascapular vein • Anterior jugular vein Superficial Lymph Nodes Bones of the Neck
• Cervical Vertebrae • Hyoid Bone Muscles of the Neck Key Muscles of the Neck
• Sternocleidomastoid • Scalenus Anterior Muscle Muscles of the Neck Muscles of the Neck Deep Cervical Fascia
• Stylohyoid ligament: • Stylomandibular ligament: • Sphenomandibular ligament: • Pterygomandibular ligament: Arteries of the Head and Neck Branches of Common Carotid Artery Branches of the External Carotid Artery
• Ophthalmic Artery • Posterior Communicating Artery • Anterior Cerebral Artery • Middle Cerebral Artery • Circle of Willis • Subclavian Arteries – Right Subclavian Artery – Left Subclavian Artery – First Part of the Subclavian Artery – Second Part of the Subclavian Artery – Third Part of the Subclavian Artery Veins of the Head and Neck The veins of the head and neck may be divided into:
• The veins of the brain, venous sinuses, diploic veins,
and emissary veins • The veins of the scalp, face, and neck Veins of the Brain
• Venous Sinuses • Diploic Veins • Emissary Veins Veins of the Face and the Neck
• Facial Vein • Superficial Temporal Vein • Maxillary Vein • Retromandibular Vein • External Jugular Vein • Anterior Jugular Vein • Internal Jugular Vein • Subclavian Vein Lymph Drainage of the Head and Neck
• The lymph nodes are arranged as a regional collar
that extends from below the chin to the back of the head and as a deep vertical terminal group that is embedded in the carotid sheath in the neck Regional Nodes
named as follows: • VII. Facial • I. Olfactory • VIII. Vestibulocochlear • II. Optic • IX. Glossopharyngeal • III. Oculomotor • X. Vagus • IV. Trochlear • XI. Accessory • V. Trigeminal • XII. Hypoglossal
