Solfa kailawn

-pezo

Music
Music, Mizote n Rimawi kan tih mai hi Latin \awng Musica tih a\anga lak a ni a. Hman
laiin Rome-ho pathiannu, Musica an tih chuan mite hnenah hla phuah thiamna te, thil ri ngaihnawm
tihna leh chumi lam hawi zawnga lunglenna a siamin a pe \hin a, Chuta \ang chuan mihring hneh
thei leh lung tileng thei tak ri chu Music an lo ti ta a ni.

Music hi thil ri (sound)-in a siam a ni a. Chu ri chu mumal tak leh hunbi dika ri, awmze nei
leh kalhmang nei tur a ni thung (Ri na zawng erawh hi chu music a ni chuang lo). Entirna n : In
huanah thereng a lo hram veng veng mai a. Chu ri chuan i lung te a tilengin hman laia i nun hlui,
lawmte nena in inchhawl\huai lai te a hriat kir tir che a. I lung a tileng em em a ni. Chuti a nih chuan
thereng hram ri chu i tan ri mawi tak a ni. Amaherawhchu lehkha i chhiar a, i ngaihtuahna a tibuai zo
vek a nih erawh chuan i tan bengchheng/ninawm a lo chang thei. Chuvangin rimawi pawh hi a lo
dawngsawngtu a zirin a nihna a hluin a hlu lo thei bawk.

Ri siamtu (musical instrument) chi hrang hrang a awm thei. Entirna n : Sava hram te, lui
luang ri ker kerte, thereng hram te leh khawpui ri dur dur te leh ri dang te, kalhmang nei leh mumal
taha a rik chuan Music/Rimawi a ni zel. Piano \ha em em pawh mumal nei miah lova i play chuan
bengchheng a chang ang a, darbenthek ri mai mai pawh a tluk lovang.

Chutianga mumal nei taka thil ri chu Musical Tone an ti a. Tin, a ri chu a lo sei deuh va, a
lo rei deuh chuan thuk (tune) an ti leh ta a ni. Chutianga rimawi (tone) chuan innghahna chi li a nei
a. Chu ngte chu :-
1. A rik rei zawng (duration) :-
Rimawi chu a rik rei zawngin a awmzia a tidanglam daih thei. Bengin chu ri chu kan hriat rei
dan azirin keimahnia a thawh dan pawh a danglam \hin. Ri bung nghut nghut hi chuan mi a hneh har
a, ri riai riai erawh chuan engti kawng emaw tak hian min tidanglam chiai chiai \hin.
2. A ri san zawng (Pitch) :-
Ri siamtu (instrument)-in boruak a tihfawn tam dan (frequency) azirin a ri chu a sangin a
hniam \hin. Boruak fawn tamah a sangin, a fawn tlemah a ri a hniam \hin.
3. A rik rin zawng (Intensity/Volume) :-
Ri chu eng ang taka nem leh uar nge a ni tih tehna a ni. A ri siamtuin a tha pek nat dan azirin
a ri chu a ring (chang)-in a zawi (nem) thei \hin.
4. A ri mawina (Timbre/Tone colour) :-
Ri reng reng a mawina leh a duhawmna chu a ri siamtu lenzawng te, pianhmang te leh \hatna
(quality) ah a innghat. |ing\ang ri chu Piano ri nen a hrang daih. A chhan chu a ri siamtu a inan loh
vang a ni. An ri chu Music a ni tho bawk.

TONIC SOL-FA

Tonic Sol-fa chu aw atana hman tura siam, Musical tone chhinchhiahna a ni. Het iangah hi
chuan thil ri zan zawng chu hawrawp(alphabet)-in {d, r, m, f, s, l, t) an chhinchhiah \hin.

Tonic Sol-fa hi kum 1035 AD-ah khan French mi, Guidoa Aretinus, Arezzo khuaa zaipawl
hruaitu chuan a lo ching \an a.A ri chhianchhiahna atan chuan, UT, RE, ME, FA, SOL, LA a
hmang a. Hei hi hla chham mi, (Chant) thluk chhinchhiahna atana a siamchhuah a ni. A hmingah
pawh Tonic Sol-fa ti lovin Solmization an ti a.

Kum 1849 khan sap pachal, John Curwen chuan Solmization chu rawn siam\hain Tonic
So-fa chu a rawn chher chhuak ta a. Chutah chuan DOH, RAY, ME, FA, SOL, LA, TE/SE (d, r,
m, f, s, l, t) a rawn hmang ta a ni. Hetiang music system-ah hi chuan DOH hi a bulpui ber (TONIC)
a ni zel a. Chu DOH a\ang chuan ri dang zawng zawng pawh an teh chhuak \hin a ni.

A hming, Tonic Sol-fa hian awmzia a nei thui tehchiam lo va. Hetiang music system-ah
hian Key 3, a bul\hut (Tonic), a dominant(Sol) leh Sub-Dominant (Fa) te hi a Key bulpui an ni a.
Chuvang chuan a hmingah hian Tonic Sol-fa an ti ta mai niin a lang.
STANDARD SCALE

Ri hi boruak fawnin a siam a ni a. Chutianga ri fawn chu Vibration an ti a ni. Chu ri Second
khata vawi 256 fawn chu a hmingah an vuah a. chu ri bulpui ber leh ri dang tehna bulpui atan
hman a lo ni ta a ni.
chu ri hniam ber leh a bul\huta hmang chuan a sang lamah siam chhovin ri chi hrang
hrang pasarih (7) an lo ni ta a. Chu ngte chu : C, D, E, F, G, A, B te an ni a. Hengte hi ri puitling vek
an ni. Heng ri pasarihte hi a chunglam bul\hut thleng (C-C1) hian ri pariat (8) an lo ni ta a, chu ri bu
khat chu Octave an ti a ni (Octa.Gr - Eight)

Hetiang hi Standard Scale-a ri inthlauh dante chu an ni:

1
C - 520
B - 480
A - 427.7
G - 348
F - 241.3
E - 320
D - 278
C - 256
A chunga number-te khi boruak fawn ran lam (frequency) a ni.

RELATIVE SCALE

Standard Scale (C, D, E....) ri te chu hawrawp chi sarih (d, r, m, f, s, l, t) hmangin entir an ni
a. Chutianga tarlanna chu Relative Scale an ti a ni. Tin, Relative Scale hi
Modulator an ti bawk.

Standard Scale leh Relative Scale te inlaichin dan chu hetiang hi a ni :-

STANDARD SCALE RELATIVE SCALE
C1 - DOH1 - d1
B - TE/SI - t
A - LAH - l
G - SOL/SOH - s
F - FA/FAH - f
E - ME - m
D - RAY - r
C - DOH - d
Heng Relative Scale-a ri chi hrang hrangte hi Note an ti bawk \hin.

INTERVAL Flat Sharp

Standard Scale leh Relative Scale-a note chi hrang hrangte inkar hi b #
Interval an ti. Heng inkarte erawh hi chu a inchen vek lo. Entirna n : d-r, D
r-m, f-s, s-l, l-t te ai hian m-f leh t-d1 te hi an inkar a zim zawk. t
FULL TONE (Ri puitling) :- * &
Heng sol-fa note inkar: d-r, r-m, f-s, s-l, l-t, de-re, m-fe, t-de1, etc l
te hi Full tone (ri puitling) an ni. An inkar hi a chanve-a \hen theih a ni. la ^
SEMI/HALF TONE (Ri chanve) :- s
Heng sol-fa note inkar, m-f, t-d, d-de, r-re, s-se, de-r, f-fe, se-l, etc ba %
te hi Semi tone/Half tone (ri chanve) an ti a. A chanvea \hen theih loh a ni. f
A inkar hi ri chanve chauh a ni. Chutiang ri chanve te chu Sharp leh Flat m
tiin a hming an vuah a. Chungte chu #(Sharp) leh b(Flat) tein an chhinchhiah $ @
\hin a ni.
r
A ding lam sira mi hi Sharp a ni a, -in a tawp a. A vei lam sira mi
hi Flat a ni a, -in a tawp ve thung a ni. ra !
Sharp leh Flat-te hi an san zawng a inang chiah lo va, mahse awin d
tihrik a har em avangin ri thuhmun angin an hmang mai \hin a ni.
Musical Instrument dang - Piano, Organ, Guitar, etc ah pawh hian a lai takah an bung hmawk
mai a ni
 EXERCISE - I

d m d s m D s - D s m s d m s D s

s m D s d m s - s d m D s d s m D

EXERCISE - II

d m f s l f s m d - s m d f s m d

D s m f d m d m r - s m r m s m d

EXERCISE - III

d f l s f s m - s D l f d f d l

f l f D l f d - s m d f r m d s

EXERCISE - IV

d r m s l t D - D t s t s r s m

r s m f l r t - s r s t D s f r

SOL-FA NOTE RIK DAN

Relative Scale/Modulator-a ri pasarih neite hian rik dan bik tur an nei hrang leh \heuh va.
Heng an rite hi a dik tak anga hman theih hram tum tur a ni.

DOH - Fiak leh ring tak

TE - Nem deuhvin
LAH - Dul leh nguai
SOL - Phur leh tho
FA - Fan leh chuai
ME - Tluang leh dam
RAY - Fan leh nem
DOH - Uar leh nghet.

VUAK CHI HRANG HRANG TE (PULSE)

Rimawi leh hla reng reng hi mumal taka a rik loh chuan a nihna leh a hlutna a bo \hin.
Chutianga mawi tak leh mumal taka a rik theihna atan chuan a rik hun vawn dik a ngai a. Chutianga
a rik hun vawngtu chu Vuak an ti mai a. Chu chu sap hovin Beat emaw Pulse emaw an ti \hin. Tin
chutiang vuak ran/chak zawng chu Speed emaw Tempo emaw an ti bawk \hin. Beat chu rimawi a lo
rik a, a hun mumal taka vawngtu kha a ni a. Tin, mumal taka ri, hun inkar inchen leh bi fel taka uar
hun vawngtu chu pulse an ti \hin.
Hla leh rimawiin a hun bi a hloh chuan awmzia a nei lo va. Chuvangin a hun a hman dik a \ul
ta a. Chutianga a hun a hman dik theihna atan chuan heng vuakte hi siam a ni.
VUAK
TONIC SOL-FA-ah hian vuak chi thum a awm. Chu ngte chu :-
(a) Bar pui ( | ) :- Barpui a awm apiangin vuak tur a ni. Tin, Barpui ding lam chiaha sol-fa note awm
kha lam/tum uar tur a ni a, nghet taka lam/tum tur a ni.
(b) Bar te ( \ ) :- Bar te ah hian vuak tur a ni bawk. Bar te dinglam sl-fa note kha sak/lam
pangngaia tihrik tur a ni.
(c) Colon ( : ) :- Colon-ah pawh hian vuak zel tur a ni. Hemi hi a lo lan apiangin qa bul ding
lama Sol-fa note kha nem/uar lo zawka sak tur a ni.
Entirna n :-
| (Bar pui) \ (Bar te) : (Colon)
Lam dan : Uar Pangngai Uar lo/nem (x)
 PULSE MEASURE (VUAK)
Pulse chu rimawi hun vawngtua vuak a ni a. Measure chu Bar leh Bar inkara sol-fa vuak zat
sawina a ni. Chutichuan Pulse Measure chu hla emaw rimawi emaw mumal tak leh awmze nei taka
uar hun siamna a ni a, Vuak zat tiin kan sawi thei bawk awm e. Pulse Measure chi hrang hrang a
awm. Chu ngte chu :-
(a) Vuak hnih (2 pulse) :- Vuak hnih chu Bar pui leh colon pakhatin a siam.
| : | : | :
1 2 1 2 1 2
Uar Uarlo Uar Uarlo Uar Uar lo
Entirnan :
|m .m :m .,f |s .s :s .m |f :m |f =
|Mangang leh lung- |ngai- a \an i |tum te |hian,

(b) Vuak thum (3 pulse) :- Vuak thum chu Bar pui leh colon pahnihin a siam :-
| : : | : :
1 2 3 1 2 3
Uar Uarlo Uar lo Uar Uar lo Uar lo
Entirna n :
:5 |d = :6 |5 = :d .r |m = :r |d =
Aw |Pathian |nang Lal- |ber I |ni.

(c) Vuak Li (4 pulse) :- Vuak li chu bar pui, bar te leh colon pahnihin a siam.
| : \ : | : \ :
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
Uar Uarlo Uar deuh Uarlo Uar Uar lo Uar deuh Uarlo

Entirna n :
:d |m :m \m :f |s = + :l |s :m \r :d |r = +
I- |su, I thianghlim |e, khaw- |ngaihin min pawl |teh.

NB :- Heng, Vuak hnih, vuak thum leh vuak li te hi Simple Time an ti a. Chumi awmzia chu
vuakna chhinchhiahna tinahte hian vuak/chhut/lam tur a ni. Thleh loh tur a ni.
(d) Vuak Ruk (6 pulse) :- Vuak ruk chu bar pui, bar te leh colon paliin a siam.
| : : \ : : | : : \ : :
1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6
Uar Uarlo Uar lo Uar deuh UarloUar lo Uar UarloUar lo Uar deuh Uarlo Uar lo
Entirna n :
|5 :5 :5 \6 = = |5 :5 :5 \d = :r|m ==+= =
|Ka chen-na ram |thla-ler a ni Lal- |pa

N.B. :- Vuak ruk hi vuak hnih-ah an thlep bawk \hin. Hetiangin :-

| : : \ : : | : : \ : :
1 2 1 2

(e) Vuak Kua (9 pulse) :- Vuak kua chu bar pui pakhat, bar te pahnih leh colon parukin a
siam.
| : : \ : : \ : : | : : \ : : \ : :
1 23 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Uar xx Uar x x Uar x x Uar x x Uar x x Uar x x
deuh deuh deuh deuh
(x = Uar lo)
Entirna n :
|5 :5 :d \m = :m \m = = |m :r :d \r = :d
|Rin-na thla zar i- la, |Kal-va- ri mual

\6 :d :d |6 = :5 \5 = = + = =
lam va fang |i- la.
N.B :Vuak kua hi vuak thumah an thlep bawk \hin. Hetiangin:
| : : \ : : \ : : | : : \ : : \ : :
1 2 3 1 2 3
 (c) Vuak Sawm pahnih (12 pulse) :- Vuak sawmpahnih chu bar pui pakhat, bar te pathum
leh colon pariatin a siam.
| : : \ : : \ : : \ : :
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Uar x x Uar deuh x x Uar deuh x x Uar x x
(x = Uar lo)
Entirna n :
|r = :d \r :m :r \d = = \5 :d :m |m =.r :d \m = = + = = + = =
|Ka lei lungngaih ka \ah ka bang |ang a...
N.B :- Vuak sawm pahnih hi vuak li-ah an thlep bawk \hin. Hetiangin :-

| : : \ : : \ : : \ : :
1 2 3 4

** Heng vuak ruk, vuak kua leh vuak sawmpahnih te hi a thlepin an sa \hin bawk a. Chutianga
an thleh \hin chu Compound Time an ti a ni.

** Tin, heng vuak bakah hian vuak 5, vuak 7, vuak 8, etc. te pawh a awm \hin a.
Amaherawhchu chutiang vuak chu rimawi atan an hmang \hin. Tonic Sol-fa-ah an hmang m a n g
lo.

VUAK |HENSAWM

Vuak khat hi a hla/rimawi thluk a zirin an \hensawm \hin a, chu chuan sak a tinuamin a
timawi thei hle \hin.
(1) Vuak Chanve :-
Vuak khat (vuak leh vuak inkar) hi a lai takah an \hen a, chu chu chhun han/dot (.)-in an
chhinchhiah \hin.

| . : or

½ ½ | ½ . ½ :
Entirna n :
|m .m :m .f |s .s :s .m |f :m |f =
|Mangang leh lung- |ngai-a \an i |tum te |hian...

(2) Vuak khat hmun thuma \hen :-

Vuak khat hi a sei zawng intiat \heuhvin hmun thuamah an \hen a, chu chu comma letling
( )-in an chhinchhiah \hin a ni. Sak kat loh tur a ni.

| : or

2 2 2 | 2 2 2 :
Entirna n :
|m 5 6 :7 d r |m .,@ :m
|Finna thuneihna I |ta ni se.

(3) Vuak khat hmun lia \hen :-

Vuak khat hi hmun liah hetiang hian an \hen bawk \hin :-

| , . , : or
3 3 3 3 | 3 , 3 . 3 , 3 :

Entirna n :
|D = .l \s ,f .m ,f :s .f |m :r \d = ||
|Ni ropui a |eng \an ta. ||
VUAK |HENSAWM DANG TE
(1) ( ., ) :
Hei hi a kat kan ti mai \hin. A awmzia chu sol-fa note kha a vuak rualin kan tiri a. Vuak
chanve kan thluk phawt a, chumi chanve leh chu kan thluk leh a. Tichuan vuak chanve chanve (3)-ah
a sol-fa note lo awm kha kan ti ri ta a ni.

|d . , d :d or
1 3 3 |d . , d:d
Entirna n :
:d .,r |m .,m :m .,m \m .,r :d .,d |r .,d :d .,6 \5
Lal-pa |tawtawrawt a rik hun-in kan |lei awm tawh lo vang.
(2) ( ,.- ) :
Hetiang chhinchhiahna a lo awm chuan a note hmasa kan lam zawh khan 3-ah a note hnuhnung
zawk kan lam lehnghal dawn a ni. Hei hi chu a rang / hma lam zawngin a kat ve thung dawn a ni.

|d , d .- :d or
3 3 1 |d , d.- :d
Entirna n :
:5 6 7 |d ,d .- :d .,d \d :m |r = +
A lo-kal |hunah kan peih dawn em |ni?

CHHINCHHIAHNA DANGTE
(1) Thlukna ( - ) :-
Barpui, Bar te, colon, dot, comma te zawha a lo awm chuan thluk tur tihna a ni. A hma
chiaha vuak hlut zawng chiah thluk tur a ni.
e.g : |-, =, + , .-, ,-
Entirnan n :
|m = + :r |d =.r \m = |s,s.- :f \m =

(2) Chawlhna (Rest) ( |, \, :, . ) :-

Hetianga Barpui, barte, colon leh dot a lo awmin a vuak hlut zat bak thluk loh tur, vuak
ringawt tur tihna a ni.
Entirnan n :
Eg: |d : \ :r |m : \m : |d . : \d . :
Entirna n :
|d . :d . \d . :d . |d . :d . \d .d :
|Pa- thian thu hlu |chu puang chhuak r u.

EXERCISE

1. Doh is G :-
|d .d :d .,r \m = .f |f :m .,r \d = |r .m :r .m \s :f
|m = \ :d .7 |6 :f \m :d .5 |6 :6 .6 \5 = ||

2. Doh is F :-
|m :m r d \6 :5 .6 |d : .r \m = |s = \s f m :f
|r = \ :s .,f |m .d = \7,r.- = |d : \ : ||

4. Doh is F :-
|d :m \r .d :r |m .m : \s = |m .f ,s :l .r \s f m :r
|d : \r .m :- .7 |d .d :r .7 \d .d = ||

5. Doh is G :-
:5 .5 |6 ,d .- :5 ,d .- :m .,r |d = ||
 MODE
Rimawi hian kalhmang a nei a. Chu chu MODE an ti. Mode hi chi hnih a awm a: Major
Mode leh Minor Mode te an ni. Major Mode-ah chuan an Sol-fa note hman te interval (ri insan hleih
dan) kha a lian a, hla tho leh rang lamah an hmang \hin. He a ri hi a Tonic (d) a\anga teh a ni. Tin,
Minor Mode-ah chuan an Sol-fa note hman interval (Tonic-LAH a\angin) kha a te/zim a. Hla urhsun,
lungrunthlak leh nguai lamah an hmang \hin.

Hla pakhatah pawh Major Mode leh Minor Mode te hi an hmang kawp ve nual \hin.
Hman thiama, uar tur lai hmuna a Mode thlak thiam hi chuan rilru a hneh thei hle \hin. Amaherawhchu
hman thiam loh emaw, a Mode thlak ngun lutuk chuan a ninawmin a hla thluk a tikhawlo zo vek \hin
a ni.
CHORD
Hei hi Music tiropuitu ber leh timawitu ber pakhat a ni kan ti thei ang. Chord han tih
hian a awmzia ber chu ri inmil emaw, ri inremte \angrual tihna a ni ber awm e. Ri chi hrang hrang a
ruala ri a, inchawih tak takte hi Chord chu a ni.
Tin, Chord hi chi hnih a awm a. Chu ngte chu Major Chord leh Minor Chord te an ni.
|ing\ang, Piano , Organ, Electroc Keyboard, etc. tum dawn chuan Chord hi hriat chian a ngai em em
a ni.
1. MAJOR CHORD (C KEY ni ta sela) :-
Technical Name Key Sol-fa Note ri te

TONIC C d, m, s
SUPER TONIC D r, fe, l
MEDIANT E m, se, t
SUB-DOMINANT F f, l, d
DOMINANT G s, t, r
SUB-MEDIANT A l, de, m
LEADING NOTE B t, r, f

2. MINOR CHORD (Am KEY ni ta sela) :-

Technical Name Key Sol-fa Note ri te

TONIC A l, d, m
SUPER TONIC B t, r, f
MEDIANT C d, m, s
SUB-DOMINANT D r, f, l
DOMINANT E m, s, t
SUB-MEDIANT F f, l, d
LEADING NOTE G s, t, r

CHORD |HEN HRANG TE

Chord han tih hian Key pakhat (Tonic) hian Relative Chord dang pahnih a nei a. Chu ngte
chu Sub-Dominant leh Dominant te an ni. C Key hi a Tonic/Key lo ni ta se, a Relative Chord te chu
F key leh G key te an lo ni ang.
C Key lo hmang ta zel ila, hetiang hian Chord chu kan \hen thei ang :-

SUB-
CHORD KEY TONIC ( C ) Dominant (F) DOMINANT (G)
Major (M) d, m, s f, l, d s, t, r
Minor (m) d, re, s f, se, d s, ta, r
Major Seventh (M7) d, m, s, t f, l, d, m s, t, r, fe
Suspended Fourth (sus 4) d, f, s f, ta, d s, d, r
Minor Sixth (m6) d, re, s, l f, se, d, r s, ta, r, m
Minor Seventh (m7) d, re, s, ta f, l, d, r s, ta, r, f
Seventh (7) d, m, s, ta f, l, d, re s, t, r, f
Augmented (+/aug) d, m, se, ta f, l, de, re s, t, re, f
Diminished (dim) d, re, fe, l f, se, t, r s, ta, de, m
CHHINCHHIAHNA PAWIMAWH ZUAL DEUH TE

1. ___________ (Regular slur) :-

Solfa hnuaia rin a awm chuan slur tur a ni.

2. ..................... (Irregular slur) :-

Sol-fa note hnuaiah hetiang hi a awm a nih chuan a note pangngai kha sak mai tur a ni a. A thu
a awm lo a nih erawh chuan slur pangngai anga slur tur a ni. Heting Irregular slur hi chu hla thu lam
inzat lovah an hmang \hin.

3. { } (Bracket or Brace) :-
Sol-fa tlar bul leh tawp phuar khawmna / hung hranna mai a ni.
4. || (Double Bar) :-
Hla tawp, Music hlawm tawp-ah an dah ber \hin. A laihawlah a awm zeuh zeuh bawk. Duh chen
chen thluk/vuak theih a ni.

5. ://: (Repetition of words) :-

Hetiang chhinchhiahna hi Sol-fa note chunga a lo awmin a hma chiaha hla thu khan khami
Chhinchhiahna awmna zawn a\ang khan hman leh mai tur a ni.

6. < / > (Pause / Parsses / fermatta) :-

Sol-fa note chungah emaw, a hnuaiah emaw he chhinchhiahna hi a awm chuan duh chen chen
thluk theih a ni. Tin, Barpui chungah a awm chuan duh chen chen chawlh (rest) theih a ni thung.

7. D.C (De Capo) :-

Sol-fa tlar laihawlah emaw, a tlar tawpah emaw D.C a lo awm chuan a sol-fa tlar bulah let leh
tur a ni.

8. D.S (Dal Segno):-

Sol-fa tlara a lo awm chuan X awmnaah let leh tur a ni.
9. X(Segno):-
D.S a\anga a lo letna hmun tur chhinchhiahna a ni.

10. x (forte), xx (fortessimo), xxx (forississimo) :-

Sak rin tur, ring taka sak tur, ring lutuka sak tur.

11. a (mezzo forte):- Ring mawi tawka sak tur.

12. sf / sfz :- Sak nat tur.

13. p (Piano), pp (Pianissimo), ppp (Pianississimo) :-

Sak nem tur, nem taka sak tur, nem lutuka sak tur.

14. < / cres (cresendo) :- Sak rin tual tual tur.

15. > / decres (decresendo) :- Sak zawih tual tual tur.
16. dim (diminuendo) :- Sak nem tual tual tur.

17. Solo :-
Aw ri khat hmanga zai. Mi tam tak pawh aw ri khat (Sol-fa note thuhmun)-a an zai chuan Solo
an ni tho.
18. Duet :-
Aw ri chi hynih (So-lfa note chi hnih) hmanga zai. Mi tam zawk pawh aw ri chi hrang pahnih
hmanga an zai phawt chuan Duet a ni tho.
19. Trio :- Aw ri chi thuma hmanga zai........
20. Quartet :- Aw ri chi li hmanga zai......
TEMPO
Hla vuak ran zawng (Speed/Tempo) chi hrang tam tak a awm. Chu a ran zawng tehna chu
Metronome an ti a. Chu chu minute khata vuak awm zat tihna a ni. A tempo hmingte hian a vuak
ran zawng (metronome) leh a sak dan tur a keng tel nghal.

Tempo Metronome Sak dan tur

Allegro 120 rang leh phur
Allegretto 112 - 116 rang leh phur
Vivace 126 - 140 rang leh zang
Presto 168 - 200 rang tak
Prestissimo 200 - 208 rang lutuk
Andante 76 - 108 kal tluang zaih
Adagio 66-76 Muang leh muk
Adagietto 70 - 80 Muang leh muk
Largo 40 - 46 Muang leh nghet
Larghetto 60 - 66 Muang leh nghet
Moderato 72 - 90 sak nuam tawka rang.

TEMPO CHHINCHHIAHNA TE

1. Accelerando (accel) - Rang tual tual

2. Rallentando (rall) - Muang tual tual
3. Ritardando (rit.) - Muang thut
4. Atempo (atpo) - tih ran emaw, tih muan emaw hnuah a hmaa a ran dan
pangngaia (Original tempo) sak leh tur tihna a ni.