Suliet All
Suliet All
Suliet All
4. (A) Someone painted it for her. 12. (A) She needed to change the letter before
(B) She finally had time to paint it. mailing it.
(C) She decided to paint it later. (B) She didn't know how much postage was
(D) Some friends will help her paint it. needed.
(C) She didn't have the right coins to buy
5. (A) Today's seminar was informative. stamps.
(B) Another seminar will take place the following (D) The stamp machine has been moved .
19. (A) He didn't know that the woman was class 27. (A) He doesn't like old movies.
treasurer. (B) He didn't see a large number of movies .
(B) He doesn't want to be treasurer. (C) He saw more movies than the woman did.
(C) He doesn't think the woman should run for (D) His children have seen many movies.
office.
(D) He didn't know the elections were today. 28. (A) The airport is closed due to bad weather.
(B) An earlier closure affected the airport's
20. (A) He doesn't have much time for tennis . schedule.
(B) He's enthusiastic about his new courses. (C) The flight is following its regular schedule.
(C) He plays tennis better than she does . (D) The plane will return to its point of
(D) He's not very interested in his school work. departure.
21. (A) He'll drive the woman to the paint store. 29. (A) She hadn't begun to study biology.
(B) He doesn't really like the painting . (B) She hadn't liked the previous biology
(C) He'll hold the painting for the woman . course.
(D) He doesn't know where the painting is . (C) She did very well in elementary biology.
(D) She'd already taken all the biology courses .
22. (A) The man hurried through breakfast.
(B) The room is too warm for a sweater. 30. (A) She recently moved to Miami.
(C) The man will be late if he doesn't hurry. (B) She needed a vacation.
(D) The man's appearance shows that he was (C) She'll leave for Miami soon.
rushed. (D) She was pleased to get his postcard.
Questions 42-45
Questions 35-38
42. (A) The liquefaction of gas.
35. (A) Start a new program at State College. (B) Techniques used for refrigeration.
(B) Study at a different school. (C) Materials used to make industrial containers
(C) Find a summer job. (D) The cost of transporting natural gas
(D) Improve her grades.
48. (A) Rats. 4. _____ all rainwater falling from a cloud reaches
(B) Owls. the ground; some of it is lost through evaporation.
(C) Mice.
(D) Insects. (A) Nowhere
(B) Not
49. (A) They choked on sawdust. (C) No
(B) They were fed contaminated mice. (D) None
(C) They were bitten by deadly insects.
(D) They escaped from the zoo. 5. In an area first explored by Samuel de
Champlain, ______ .
50. (A) To illustrate a principle about environmental (A) establishment of the city of Halifax in 1749
(B) in 1749 the city of Halifax established
poisons. (C) in 1749, establishing the city of Halifax
(B) To demonstrate the usefulness of chemicals. (D) the city of Halifax was established in 1749
(C) To show how bookkeepers raise mice in 6. A nation's merchant marine is made up of its
captivity. commercial ships and the people ______ them.
(D) To prove a point about the building (A) they operate
industry. (B) who operate
(C) they operate of
Section 2 Structure (D) do they operate
1 . Hanya Holm is a dancer, choreographer and 7. ______ Nat Turner who led a revolt against
_____ slavery in Virginia in 1831.
(A) dance that she teaches (A) Where was
(B) her teaching of dance (B) It was
(C) to teach dancing (C) He was
(D) dance teacher (D) That he was
8. The most elaborate of all bird nests ______ , founded by Richard Alien
domed communal structure built by social (D) The foundation of the African Methodist
weaverbirds. Episcopal Church by Richard Alien
(A) larger
(B) largely is
(C) the large
(D) is the large 14. The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing is
greater than ______ .
9. William Walker's mural, "Wall of Respect," (A) that of its mining and farming combined
______ an outdoor wall in Chicago, deals (B) mining and farming combination
with social issues. (C) that mining and farming combined
(A) covers (D) of its combination mining and farming
(B) covers it
(C) which covers 15. The wallflower ______ because its weak stems
(D) which it covers often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for
support.
10. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate (A) so called is
______ yield when unusual weight is placed on (B) so is called
them. (C) is so called
(A) although its crust and mantle (D) called is so
(B) its crust and mantle to Section 3 Reading Comprehension
(C) that its crust and mantle Questions1-11
(D) for its crust and mantle to
With its radiant color and plantlike shape, the
11. The columbine flower, ______ to nearly all of sea anemone looks more like a flower than an
the United States, can be raised from seed in animal. More specifically, the sea anemone is
almost any garden. formed quite like the flower for which it is named,
(A) native with a body like a stem and tentacles like petals in
(B) how native is brilliant shades of blue, green, pink, and red. Its
(C) how native is it diameter varies from about six millimeters in some
(D) is native species to more than ninety centimeters in the giant
varieties of Australia. Like corals, hydras, and
12. The photoperiodic response of algae actually jellyfish, sea anemones are coelenterates. They can
depends on the duration of darkness, ______ . move slowly, but more often they attach the lower
(A) the light is not on part of their cylindrical bodies to rocks, shells, or
(B) and not on light wharf pilings. 'The upper end of the sea anemone
(C) but is not on the light has a mouth surrounded by tentacles that the animal
(D) is not on light uses to capture its food. Stinging cells in the
tentacles throw out tiny poison threads that paralyze
13. ______, the first Black denomination in the other small sea animals. The tentacles then drag
United States. this prey into the sea anemone's mouth. The food is
(A) Richard Alien founded the African
Methodist Episcopal Church digested in the large inner body cavity. When
(B) Richard Alien, who founded the African disturbed, a sea anemone retracts its tentacles and
Methodist Episcopal Church shortens its body so that it resembles a lump on a
(C) The African Methodist Episcopal Church
rock. Anemones may reproduce by 7. The word "retracts" in line 11 is closest in
forming eggs, dividing in half, or developing buds meaning to
that grow and break off as independent animals. (A) pulls back
(B) relaxes
1. Which of the following is the main topic of the (C) reproduces
passage? (D) lifts up
(A) The varieties of ocean life
(B) The characteristics of the sea anemone 8. According to the passage, when a sea anemone is
(C) A comparison of land and sea anemones bothered it
(D) The defenses of coelenterates (A) hides under a rock
(B) alters its shape
2. The work "shape" in line 1 is closest in meaning (C) changes colors
to (D) ejects a poisonous substance
(A) length
(B) grace 9. The sea anemone reproduces by
(C) form (A) budding only
(D) nature (B) forming eggs only
(C) budding or dividing only
3. The author compares a sea anemone's tentacles to (D) budding, forming eggs, or dividing
Kasten starts a studio construction with a 16. It can be inferred from the passage that Kasten
simple problem, such as using several circular makes instant prints to
and rectangular mirrors . She puts the first objects in (A) give away
place, sets up a camera, then goes back and forth (B) sell as souvenirs
arranging objects and seeing how they appear in the (C) include as part of the construction
camera. Eventually she makes instant color prints to (D) see what the construction looks like at that
see what the image looks like. At first she works stage
only with objects, concentrating on their
composition; then she lights them and adds color 17. The word "composition" in line 12 is closest in
from lights covered with colored filters . meaning to
(A) arrangement
Away from the studio, at architectural sites, the (B) brightness
cost of the crew and the equipment rental means she (C) quality
has to know in advance what she wants to do. She (D) size
visits each location several times to make sketches
and test shots. Until she brings in the lights, 18. The word "them" in line 12 refers to
however, she cannot predict exactly what they will (A) prints
do to the image, so there is some improvising on the (B) lights
spot. (C) objects
(D) filters
12. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The techniques of a photographer 19. The word "shots" in line 16 is closest in
(B) The advantages of studio photography meaning to
(C) Industrial construction sites (A) injections
(D) An architect who appreciates fine art (B) photographs
(C) loud noises
13. Which of the following would be an example of (D) effective remarks
one of the "constructions" referred to in line 1?
(A) A still life arrangement 20. The word "they" in line 17 refers to
(B) Natural landscapes (A) architectural styles
(C) An instant color print (B) sketches
(D) A colored filter (C) colored filters
(D) lights
14. In line 2, why does the author mention mirrors?
(A) They are part of the camera. 21. Why does Kasten visit the location of outdoor
(B) Kasten uses them as subjects. work before the day of the actual shooting?
(C) The crew needs them. (A) To plan the photograph
(D) Photography mirrors life. (B) To purchase film and equipment
(C) To hire a crew
15. The word "transform" in line 6 is closest in (D) To test the lights
meaning to
(A) move
22. How is Kasten's studio work different from her The corona is a brilliant, pearly white, filmy
work at architectural sites ? light, about as bright as the full Moon. Its beautiful
(A) She does not use lights outdoors. rays are a sensational sight during an eclipse. The
(B) Her work outdoors is more unpredictable. corona's rays flash out in a brilliant fan that has
(C) She works alone outdoors. wispy spikelike rays near the Sun's north and south
(D) She makes more money from her work outdoors poles. The corona is thickest at the Sun's equator .
23. Where in the passage does the author suggest
that the constructions that Kasten photographs The corona rays are made up of gases
are life-sized? streaming outward at tremendous speeds and
(A) Lines 2-4 reaching a temperature of more than 2 million
(B) Lines 5-7 degrees Fahrenheit. The rays of gas thin out as they
(C) Lines 12- 14 reach the space around the planets- By the time the
(D) Lines 16-I7 Sun's corona rays reach the Earth, they are weak
and invisible.
Questions 24-33
24. The word "great" in line 4 is closest in meaning
The temperature of the Sun is over 5.000 to
degrees Fahrenheit at the surface, but it rises to (A) dangerous
perhaps more than 16 million degrees at the center. (B) unknown
The Sun is so much hotter than the Earth that matter (C) variable
can exist only as a gas , except at the core. In the (D) strong
core of the Sun, the pressures are so great against
the gases that, despite the high temperature, there 25. With what topic is the second paragraph mainly
may be a small solid core. However, no one really concerned?
knows, since the center of the Sun can never be (A) How the Sun evolved
directly observed. (B) The structure of the Sun
(C) Why scientists study the Sun
Solar astronomers do know that the Sun is (D) The distance of the Sun from the planets
divided into five layers or zones. Starting at the
outside and going down into the Sun, the zones are 26. A1l of the following are Parts of the Sun 's
the corona, chromosphere , photosphere, convection atmosphere EXCEPT the
zone, and finally the core. The first three zones are (A) corona
regarded as the Sun's atmosphere. But since the Sun (B) chromosphere
has no solid surface, it is hard to tell where the (C) photosphere
atmosphere ends and the main body of the Sun (D) core
begins.
27. The word "one" in line 13 refers to
The Sun's outermost layer begins about (A) the Sun
10,000 miles above the visible surface and goes (B) the corona
outward for millions of miles. This is the only part (C) an eclipse
of the Sun that can be seen during an eclipse such as (D) the surface
the one in February 1979. At any other time, the
corona can be seen only when special instruments 28. The purpose of the special instruments
are used on cameras and telescopes to shut out the mentioned in line 14 is to
glare of the Sun's rays. (A) magnify the image of the Sun
(B) block out the Sun's intense light
(C) measure the amount of energy emitted by the Many of the computing patterns used today in
Sun elementary arithmetic, such as those for performing
(D) photograph the Sun long multiplications and divisions, were developed
as late as the fifteenth century. Two reasons are
29. It can be inferred from the passage that a clear usually advanced to account for this tardy
view of the Sun's outer layer is usually development, namely, the mental difficulties and
prevented by the physical difficulties encountered in such work.
(A) the Sun's rays
(B) an eclipse The first of these, the mental difficulties, must
(C) lack of light be somewhat discounted. The impression
(D) the great distance that the ancient numeral systems are not amenable
to even the simplest calculations is
30. The word "sensational'' in line 17 is closest in largely based on lack of familiarity with these
meaning to systems. It is clear that addition and
(A) spectacular subtraction in a simple grouping system require
(B) predictable only ability to count the number symbols of
(C) bizarre each kind and then to convert to higher units. No
(D) constant memorization of number combinations is
needed. In a ciphered numeral system , if sufficient
31. According to the passage, as the corona rays addition and multiplication tables have
reach the planets, they become been memorized , the work can proceed much as we
(A) hotter do it today.
(B) clearer
(C) thinner The physical difficulties encountered, however,
(D) stronger were quite real. Without a plentiful and
convenient supply of some suitable writing medium,
32. The paragraphs following the passage most any very extended development of the
likely discuss which of the following? arithmetic process was bound to be hampered .It
(A) The remaining layers of the Sun must be remembered that our common
(B) The evolution of the sun to its present form machine-made pulp paper is little more than a
(C) The eclipse of February 1 979 hundred years old. The older rag paper was
(D) The scientists who study astronomy made by hand and was consequently expensive and
scarce.
33.Where in the passage does the author compare
the light of the Sun's outermost layer to that of 34.What is the main purpose of the passage?
another astronomical body? (A) To emphasize the importance of the mental
(A) Lines 2-3 process in performing calculations
(B) Lines 9-10 (B) To explain why some elementary computing
(C) Line 16 systems were not developed until the
(D) Lines 22-23 fifteenth century.
(C) describe how ancient counting systems differ
from those of the twentieth century
(D) To compare the mental and physical processes
Questions 34-42 .
used in arithmetic
35. The word "tardy" in line3 is closest in meaning (C) scarce
to? (D) delicate
(A) historical
(B) basic 42. The passage supports which of the following
(C) unusual conclusion ?
(D) late (A) Physical difficulties hindered the
development of computing patterns .
36. The word "these"in line 5 refers to (B) Memorizing addition and multiplication tables
(A) patens is necessary for most elementary arithmetic
(B) reasons processes .
(C) systems (C) Most people experience mental difficulties in
(D) calculations learning long divisions and in multiplications.
(D) Numeral systems invented before the fifteenth
37. The word "discounted" in line 5 is closest in century could not have been used to perform
meaning to elementary calculations .
(A) reduced
(B) contradicted Questions 43-50 .
(C) disregarded
(D) interpreted The ecosystems of the Earth provide an array of
free public services that are essential for the support
38. The author states that doing calculations in a of civilizations . They maintain the quality of` the
simple grouping system requires atmosphere , provide food from the sea.
(A) memorizing numerical combinations Manufacture and replenish soils, recycle wastes and
(B) using an adding machine nutrients, control the overwhelming majority of
(C) producing large quantities of a writing medium crop pests and disease vectors, and so on.. People
(D) converting number symbols to higher units have no idea how to take over these activities
satisfactorily. They do know, however, that the
39. The word "encountered" in line 12 is closest in theory once advanced in the nineteenth century -
meaning to that the productivity of the land can he infinitely
(A) faced increased by the application of capital, labor, and
(B) caused science- is wrong. History has shown that once the
(C) increased natural life-support systems of a civilization have
(D) discussed been sufficiently damaged, they cannot usually be
repaired. The ancient deforestation and overgrazing
40. The word "hampered" in line l4 is closest in of the Mediterranean region is a famous example.
meaning to And today ,a global civilization is ruining the
(A) impeded global environment.
(B) concluded
(C) unnoticed 41. What is the main topic of this passage?
(D) rejected (A) Free public services
(B) Support needed for civilizations
41. The author describes old rag paper as all of the (C) The vaule of ecosystems
following EXCEPT (D) The vastness of the Earth
(A) handmade
(B) costly 44. The word "array" in line 1 is closest in meaning
to
(A) large number 50. The author suggests that the difference between
(B) excess the ancient and the modern situation is that
(C) requirement today the problem is
(D) model (A) worldwide
(B) better understood
45.The word "They" in line 2 refers to (C) more manageable
(A) ecosystems (D) economic
(B) civilizations
(C) sea
(D) people.
32. A. The importance of paying back loans 39. A. They are examples of the usual sequence
promptly. of observation and explanation.
B. A way to help people improve their B. They provide evidence of inaccurate
economic conditions. scientific observation.
C. Using computers to increase business C. Their discovery was similar to that of the
efficiency. neutrino.
D. The expansion of international business. D. They were subjects of 1995 experiments at
Los Alamos.
33. A. It is the topic of his term paper.
B. He would like to find a job there. 40. A. Its mass had previously been measured.
C. His economics professor did research work B. Its existence had been reported by Los
there. Alamos National Laboratory.
D. Microcredit programs have been very C. Scientists were looking for a particle with no
successful there.
mass.
34. A. Cancel her credit card. D. Scientists were unable to balance
B. Sign up for the economics seminar. equations of energy without it.
C. Do research on banks in Asia.
D. Type the man's term paper. 41. A. That it carries a large amount of energy.
B. That it is a type of electron.
35. A. The life of a well-known Canadian architect. C. That it is smaller in size than previously th
B. The architectural design of a new ought.
museum. D. That it has a tiny amount of mass.
C. The variety of museums in Washington,
D.C. 42. A. The clearing of New England forests.
D. The changing function of the modern B. The role of New England trees in British
museum. shipbuilding.
C. The development of the shipbuilding
36. A. Both were designed by the same architect. industry in New England.
B. Both are located in Washington, D.C. D. The role of the British surveyor general in
C. Both feature similar exhibits. colonizing New England.
D. The scientists would place another spider in
43. A. Law. the tray.
B. Mathematics.
C. History. Section 2 Structure
D. Engineering. 1. In the late 1970’s and early 1980’s, the United
States developed the reusable space shuttle
44. A. Sugar maple. ________to space cheaper and easier.
B. Oak. A. to make access
C. White pine. B and making access
D. Birch. C. which made accessible
D. and made accessible.
45. A. Its width.
B. Its height. 2. Genetically, the chimpanzee is more similar to
C. Its straightness. humans _______.
D. Its location. A. are than any other animal
B. than is any other animal
46. A. M C. any other animal is
B. % D. and any other animal is
C. K
D. -> 3. _______more than 65,000 described species of
protozoa, of which more than half are fossils.
47. A. How they swim long distances. A. Being that there are
B. How they got their name. B. There being
C. How they hunt. C. Are there
D. How they solve problems. D. There are
48. A. By changing its appearance. 4. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 ___ nearly
B. By imitating signals that the other spiders unanimously through the United States Congress.
A. passed
send. B. in passage
C. By spinning a large web. C. having passed
D. By imitating insects caught in a web. D. passing
49. A. Avoid attacks by other spiders. 5. Modern skyscrapers have a steel skeleton of
B. Cross some water. beams and columns ___a three-dimensional grid.
C. Jump to the edge of the tray. A. forms
D. Spin a long thread. B. from which forming
C. and forming
50. A. It would keep trying to reach the rock the D. that forms
same way.
B. It would try to reach the rock a different 6. The average level of United States prices grew
way. very little from 1953 until the mid-1960’s when
C. The scientists would move the spider to the ____________.
rock. A. did inflation begin
B. inflation began
C. the beginning of inflation A. As the many
D. did the beginning of inflation B. Of the many
C. Many
7. The basis premise behind all agricultural D. Many of them are
production is _____available the riches of the soil
13. Newspaper publishers in the united states
for human consumption. have estimated ___________reads a
A. to be made newspaper every day.
B. the making A. nearly 80 percent of the adult population
C. making is who
D. to make B. it is nearly 80 percent of the adult population
C. that nearly 80 percent of the adult population
8. ___to the united states House of Representatives
in 1791, Nathaniel Macon remained in office until who
D. that nearly 80 percent of the adult
1815. population
A. Election
B. Why he was elected 14. The foundation of all other branches of
C. Elected mathematics is arithmetic, _ science of
D. Who was elected calculating with numbers.
A. is the
9. ________ of classical ballet in the united states B. the
began around 1830. C. which the
A. To teach D. because the
B. Is teaching
C. It was taught 15. Nylon was ___the human-made fibers.
D. The teaching A. the first of which
B. what the first of
10. The universe is estimated ___between 10 billion C. it the first of
D. the first of
and 20 billion years old.
A. being
B. to be
C. which is
D. is.
33. The word "primitive" in line 1 is closest in 39. Virginia is mentioned as an example of a state
meaning to that
A. unsafe A. built roads without tollgates
B. unknown B. built roads with government money
C. inexpensive C. completed 1,500 miles of turnpikes in one year
D. undeveloped D. introduced new law restricting road use
34. In 1790 most roads connected towns in the 40. The "large, broad wheels" of the Conestoga
interior of the country with wagon are mentioned in line 21 as an example
A. other inland communities of
B. towns in other states a feature of wagons that was
C. river towns or seaports A. unusual in mid-eighteenth century vehicles
D. construction sites B. first found in Germany
C. effective on roads with uneven surfaces
35. The phrase "on the threshold of" in line 4 and 5 D. responsible for frequent damage to freight
is closest in meaning to
A. in need of Question 41- 50:
B. in place of In Death Valley, California, one of the
C. at the start of hottest, most arid places in North America, there is
D. with the purpose of much salt, and salt can damage rocks impressively.
Inhabitants of areas elsewhere, where streets and
36. According to the passage, why did states want highways are salted to control ice, are familiar with
private companies to help with road building? the resulting rust and deterioration on cars. That
A. The states could not afford to build roads attests to the chemically corrosive nature of salt, but
themselves. it is not the way salt destroys rocks. Salt breaks
B. The states were not as well equipped as private rocks apart principally by a process called crystal
companies. prying and wedging. This happens not by soaking
the rocks in salt water, but by moistening their D. The damaging effects of salt on roads and
bottoms with salt water. Such conditions exist in highways.
many areas along the eastern edge of central Death
Valley. There, salty water rises from the 42. The word "it" in line 9 refers to
groundwater table by capillary action through tiny A. salty water
spaces in sediment until it reaches the surface. B. groundwater table
C. capillary action
Most stones have capillary passages that D. sediment
suck salt water from the wet ground. Death Valley
provides an ultra-dry atmosphere and high daily 43. The word "exert" in line 14 is closest in
temperatures, which promote evaporation and the meaning
formation of salt crystals along the cracks or other to
openings within stones. These crystals grow as long A. put
as salt water is available. Like tree roots breaking B. reduce
up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure C. replace
on the rock and eventually pry the rock apart along D. control
planes of weakness, such as banding in
metamorphic rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, 44. In lines 13-17, why does the author compare
or preexisting or incipient fractions, and along tree
boundaries between individual mineral crystals or roots with growing salt crystals?
grains. Besides crystal growth, the expansion of A. They both force hard surfaces to crack.
halite crystals(the same as everyday table salt) by B. They both grow as long as water is available.
heating and of sulfates and similar salts by C. They both react quickly to a rise in temperature.
hydration can contribute additional stresses. A rock D. They both cause salty water to rise from the
durable enough to have withstood natural conditions groundwater table.
for a very long time in other areas could probably
be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering 45. In lines 17-18, the author mentions the
within a few generations. "expansion of halite crystals...by heating and of
The dominant salt in Death Valley is halite, sulfates and similar salts by hydration" in order
or sodium chloride, but other salts, mostly
carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and to
wedging, as does ordinary ice. Weathering by a A. present an alternative theory about crystal
variety of salts, though often subtle, is a worldwide growth
phenomenon. Not restricted to arid regions, intense B. explain how some rocks are not affected by salt
salt weathering occurs mostly in salt-rich places like C. simplify the explanation of crystal prying and
the seashore, near the large saline lakes in the Dry wedging
Valleys of Antarctica, and in desert sections of D. introduce additional means by which crystals
Australia, New Zealand, and central Asia. destroy rocks
41. What is the passage mainly about? 46. The word "durable" in line 19 is closest in
A. The destructive effects of salt on rocks. meaning to
B. The impressive salt rocks in Death Valley. A. large
C. The amount of salt produced in Death Valley. B. strong
C. flexible
D. pressured
3. (A) She looks good in blue. 12. (A) She needed to change the letter before
(B) She never wears sweaters. mailing it.
(C) She might prefer another color. (B) She didn't know how much postage was
(D) She enjoys receiving gifts. needed.
(C) She didn't have the right coins to buy
4. (A) Someone painted it for her. stamps.
(B) She finally had time to paint it. (D) The stamp machine has been moved .
(C) She decided to paint it later.
(D) Some friends will help her paint it. 13. (A) They should go to lunch soon.
(B) He needs to make more coffee for lunch .
5. (A) Today's seminar was informative. (C) There is enough coffee for several more
(B) Another seminar will take place the cups.
following week. (D) He won't drink any more coffee today.
(C) Next week's seminar is on a different topic .
(D) There will be two seminars next week. 14. (A) There are too many shopping centers
already.
6. (A) He's usually happy. (B) They aren't really going to build a shopping
(B) He listens to music when he's in a good center.
mood. (C) He knew about the planned construction .
(C) He had to pay a high price for his stereo. (D) He hasn't been to the other shopping center .
(D) He's pleased with his purchase.
15. (A) She has to do some work tomorrow.
7. (A) He can send the woman additional (B) She'll attend tomorrow's performance .
information. (C) She doesn't intend to go to the play.
(B) The woman received the wrong bill. (D) She can't work at the theater tomorrow.
(C) He agrees that the charges are too high.
(D) He'll credit the woman's account. 16. (A) She hasn't seen Kate.
(B) Kate has changed her plans.
8. (A) Answer her calls. (C)The man had misunderstood her.
(B) Take her home. (D) The man should go to New York next week.
(C) Write out a list of his calls.
(D) Telephone her later in the day. 17. (A) He doesn't want to attend the graduation
ceremony.
9. (A) Taking a test. (B) He's attended only one graduation
(B) Giving Spanish tests to students. ceremony.
(C) The woman doesn't have to attend the
graduation ceremony.
(D) Attendance is taken at the graduation (C) She wasn't in charge of it.
ceremony. (D) She didn't understand it.
18. (A) Someone from the housing office fixed the 27. (A) He doesn't like old movies.
faucet. (B) He didn't see a large number of movies .
(B) Allen called the housing office for her. (C) He saw more movies than the woman did.
(C) She replaced the faucet. (D) His children have seen many movies.
(D) Allen repaired the faucet.
28. (A) The airport is closed due to bad weather.
19. (A) He didn't know that the woman was class (B) An earlier closure affected the airport's
treasurer. schedule.
(B) He doesn't want to be treasurer. (C) The flight is following its regular schedule.
(C) He doesn't think the woman should run for (D) The plane will return to its point of
office. departure.
(D) He didn't know the elections were today.
29. (A) She hadn't begun to study biology.
20. (A) He doesn't have much time for tennis . (B) She hadn't liked the previous biology
(B) He's enthusiastic about his new courses. course.
(C) He plays tennis better than she does . (C) She did very well in elementary biology.
(D) He's not very interested in his school (D) She'd already taken all the biology courses .
work.
30. (A) She recently moved to Miami.
21. (A) He'll drive the woman to the paint store. (B) She needed a vacation.
(B) He doesn't really like the painting . (C) She'll leave for Miami soon.
(C) He'll hold the painting for the woman . (D) She was pleased to get his postcard.
(D) He doesn't know where the painting is .
Part B
22. (A) The man hurried through breakfast.
(B) The room is too warm for a sweater. Questions 31-34
(C) The man will be late if he doesn't hurry.
(D) The man's appearance shows that he was 31. (A) It's too noisy.
rushed. (B) It's not convenient to the university.
(C) The heating system is defective.
23 .(A) The doctor wasn't feeling well . (D) The owner is unpleasant.
(B) He didn't see the new doctor.
(C) The doctor isn't new to the infirmary. 32. (A) Tell the owner two months in advance
(D) He met the doctor at a conference. that she's moving.
(B) Alert the housing authorities to her problem.
24. (A) Pay Marsha for the bookshelf.
(B) Ask Marsha where the bookshelf is. (C) Move to another apartment in the same
(C) Check for the book on Marsha's shelf. building.
(D) Ask Marsha if she has an extra bookshelf. (D) Leave by the end of the month.
25. (A) The man can get some paper at the new 33. (A) It must be on a higher floor.
store. (B) It must have quiet surroundings.
(B) She just opened a new box of paper. (C) It must be within driving distance of the
(C) She'll type the man's paper at her place . university.
(D) The man can buy today's paper at the (D) It must be in a new building.
newsstand.
34. (A) Rent would be very expensive.
26. (A) She saw only part of it. (B) Public transportation wouldn't be
(B) She couldn't go to see it. available.
(C) Apartment complexes in Windsor are old. containers .
(D) Apartments in Windsor tend to be noisy. (D) The cost of transporting natural gas
19.Maine’s coastline is a major attraction and vista 2. Instead of being housed in one central bank, the
of sandy beaches contrasted… rockbound Federal Reserve System is to….. into twelve
shoreline. districts.
a. dividing b. divided
a) To the rugged
c. division d. divides
b) By the rugged
c) On the rugged
3. Those species are cultivated for their…….follage.
d) At the rugged
a. beautifully b. beau
20. At the seventh international ballet competions, c. beauty d. beautiful
Fernando Bujones won the first, gold modal
ever … to a Unites States make dancer 4. Kiwi birds mainly eat insects, worms, and snails
and……. For their food by probing the ground
a) That award
with their long bills.
b) Should be awarding
a. searching b. searches
c) To be awarded
c. searched d. search
d) To award
21. the b;est-known diffuse nebuls is the great Orion 5. He founded that city in 1685, and…..quickly
Nebuls …. Can be seen by the narked eye. grew
to be the largest city in colonial America.
a) It
a. he b. it
b) Which
c. it d. we
c) One
d) Who
6. Fewer people reside in Newfoundland than
22. Over time the young students will perfect the art in……Canadian province except Prince Edward
of piano playing. After all, such …. Needs Island.
delicate handling . a. other b. one another
c. any other d. others
a) A tuned instrument finely
b) A finely instrument tuned
7. Dr. Bethune, the founder of Bethune-Cookman
c) An instrument tuned finely
College, served as…….to both Franklin Rosevelt
d) A finely tuned instrument
and Harry Truman.
23. Before Johnson and smith reached great heights a. advise b. advised
in the business world, … encountered many great c. an advisor d. advising
difficults in promoting their theories and methods.
a) They
8. Some plants produse…………poisons that can a. to their background
affect a person even if he or she merely brushes b. with their background
against them. c. on their background
d. in background of them
a. irritating b. irritated
c. irritability d. irritation
27. in the US….. to the national legislature 35. the three most common states of matter are….
comprising the house of Representatives and the a. solidity, liquid, and gas
b. solid, liquefy, and gas
Senate. c. solidity, liquidate, and gas
a. voters elect representatives d. solid, liquid, and gas
b. representatives elect voters
c. elect representatives voters 36. the snowy egret is about the size…..crow
d. voters election representative a. large b. of a large
c. of large d. a large
28. it is the interaction between people, rather than
the events that occur in their lives,……the main 37. it has been found that chronic loud noise may
focus of social psychology. lead to….hearing loss
a. which are b. that are a. temporary or permanently
c. which is d. that is b. temporarily or permanent
c. temporarily or permanently
29. Today…..fewer than one hundred varieties d. temporary or permanent
cultivated flowers.
a. are b. have 38. with modern machinery, textile mills can
c. there are d. have there manufacture as much fabric in a few seconds
as…..weeks o produce by hands
30. …….some of the famous detectives in literature a. workers once took it
are based on deductive reasoning. b. took workers it once
a. methods use by c. it took once workers
b. they used methods d. it once took workers
c. the methodology used
d. using the methods of 39. Norman Mailers first….with his war novel The
Naked and The Dead, published in 1948.
31. the short story most naturally flourishes in an a. Successfully achieved
age…..with simplicity and directness. b. achieved success
a. what it expresses c. successful achievement
d. achievement of success C. as many
D. as more
40. Through the years, the job of governing cities
has become …..complex. 7. __________ better, the team would have been
a. so much increasingly able to defeat the opponent.
b. increasingly whole A. If it prepares
c. increasingly B. If prepares
d. what is increasingly C. Preparing
STRUCTURE 3 D. Had it prepared
8. Nobody knows why __________ postponed until
1. Neither Professor Johnson nor any other faculty next week.
member __________ to apply for the dean’s A. the meeting
position. B. was the meeting
A. intend C. did the meeting
B. intends D. the meeting was
C. are intending
D. has intend 9. The curriculum at the public school is as good
__________ of any privateschool.
2. E. Coli has proven to be __________ most A. or better than
dangerous bacteria that can be acquired from B. as or better that
food and water, even in developed countries. C. as or better than that
A. one of the D. as or better than those
B. one of
C. one 10. Being a private university, __________ a well-
D. of one organized charitable givingprogram in order to
offer a sufficient number of quality courses and
3. The death toll would __________ much higher if activities.
immediate action had not beentaken. A. development of
A. probably being B. it developed
B. probably be C. develop
C. probably been D. developing
D. be probable
11. Internet companies rely heavily on income from
4. A fire in the __________ building could be a on-line purchases, but __________.
problem for firefighters. A. traditional companies as well
A. ninety-story-tall B. traditional companies too
B. ninety-tall-story C. also traditional companies
C. ninety-stories-tall D. so do traditional companies
D. ninety stories
12. The company had difficulty distributing
5. Their office consisted of three rooms, __________ so that they could meetproduction
__________ was used as a conference room. quotas.
A. larger of which A. sufficiently number of parts in a timely manner
B. the largest of which to its manufacturers
C. the largest of them B. a sufficient number of parts to its
D. largest manufacturers in a timely manner
6. In the past six months, the company has already C. to its manufacturers in a timely manner a
received twice __________ ingross revenues as it sufficient number of parts
D. in a timely manner to its manufacturers a
earned in the entire preceding year. sufficient number of parts
A. as much 13. The company sustained an angry reaction from
B. more its employees after announcing how
__________ to reduce operating costs.
A. it planned C. message to all directors
B. planned D. the message to all directors
C. did it plan
D. was planned 20. As the result of Diane’s illness and the effects of
12. With which of the following subjects is the 17. The word “contemporaries” in line 18 is closest
passage mainly concerned? in meaning to
(a) The first award of the Nobel Peace Prize to an (a) people of the same time
American woman (b) famous people still alive
(b) A woman’s work for social reform and world (c) elected officials
(d) people old enough to vote
peace 18. According to the passage, Jane
(c) The early development of Social Work in Addams’reputation was damaged when she
America
(d) Contributions of educated women to American (a) allowed Hull House to become a meeting place
society for clubs and labor unions
(b) joined in the movement for women’s suffrage
(c) became a founding member of the NAACP
13. Which of the following can be inferred from the (d) opposed America’s involvement in World
passage? War I
(a) the work of Baroness Bertha Felicie Sophie von 19. Where in the passage does the author mention
Suttner was an inspiration to Jane Addams the services provided by Hull House?
(b) Jane Addams is most famous for her opening (a) lines 5-10
of Hull House (b) lines 10-15
(c) those who lived near Hull House had very poor (c) lines 15-20
literacy skills (d) lines 20-25
(d) Jane addams considered herself as a citizen of
the world rather than of one particular country Questions 20-29
The medieval artists didn’t know about
perspective; they didn’t want to make their people
14. The word “commitment” in line 6 is closest in look like real, individual people in a real, individual
meaning to scene. They wanted to show the truth, the eternal
(a) involvement quality of their religious stories. So these artists
(b) obligation didn’t need to know about perspective. In the
(c) dedication European Renaissance period, artists wanted to
(d) enthusiasm show the importance of the individual person and
his or her possessions and surroundings. A flat
medieval style couldn’t show this level of reality 22. According to the passage, which is the main
and the artists needed a new technique. It was the concern for medieval artists?
Italian artist Brunelleschi who discovered the
technique of perspective drawing. At first the artists (a) the individual person and his/her possessions
of the Renaissance only had single-point and surroundings
perspective. Later they realized that they could have (b) real people, real scenes
two-pointed perspective and still later multi-point (c) eternal timeless truth of the earth
perspective. With two-point perspective they could (d) themes of religious stories
turn an object (like a building) at an angle to the 23. The discovery of perspective was the result of
picture and draw two sides of it. The technique of
perspective which seems so natural to us now is an (a) Renaissance artists’ to prove that the medieval
invented technique, a part of the “grammar of artists could show level of reality
painting”. Like all bits of grammar there are (b) the need to turn an object at an angle and draw
exceptions about perspective. For example, only more than one side of it
vertical and horizontal surfaces seem to meet on eye (c) the subject being shifted from religious
level. Sloping roof tops don’t meet on eye level. stories
to individual person and surroundings.
For 500 years, artists in Europe made use of (d) natural evolution of human senses
perspective drawing in their pictures. Nevertheless,
there are a range of priorities that artists in
displaying individual styles. Crivelli wanted to 24. The word “it” in line 12 refers to
show depth in his picture and he used a simple
single-point perspective. Cezanne always talked (a) the picture
about space and volume. Van Gogh, like some of (b) perspective
the other painters of the Impressionist period, was (c) angle
interested in Japanese prints. And Japanese artists (d) the object
until this century were always very strong designers
25. The word “Grammar ” in line 13 is closest in
of “flat” pictures. Picasso certainly made pictures
meaning to
which have volume and depth. However, he wanted
to keep our eyes on the surface and to remind us (a) construction
that his paintings are paintings and not illusions. It (b) grammatical rules
is technically easy to give an illusion of depth. (c) rules and regulations
However, a strong two dimensional design is just as (d) tones and volume
important as a feeling of depth, and perhaps more
important. 26. The author’s purpose to give the example in
line14-15 is to
20. The passage mainly discusses
(a) explain how perspective work in painting
(a) the difference between medieval and (b) support two-pointed perspective
Renaissance art (c) illustrate that there are exceptions about
(b) how the technique of perspective influenced perspective
the modern art (d) point out that the technique of perspective
(c) the discovery of the technique of perspective though seems so natural is an invented technique
(d) the contribution of Renaissance artists
27. The following artists’ priorities in style shift
21. The word “eternal” in line 3 is closest in away from perspective except
meaning to
(a) Crivelli
(a) timeless (b) Cezanne
(b) infinite (c) Japanese artists
(c) frequent (d) Brunelleschi
(d) constant
28. The word ”Illusion” in line 25 is closest in
meaning to
(a) deception years old have suggested that both groups
(b) photograph apparently exhibit traits seen in their Middle Eastern
(c) decoration and African predecessors. But the early modern
(d) illustration specimens from Central Europe also display
Neandertal traits, and the early modern Australians
29. It can be inferred from the passage that showed affinities to archaic Homo from Indonesia.
Renaissance artists Meanwhile, the debate among paleoanthropologists
(a) embraced the medieval style of eternal truth continues , as supporters of the two hypotheses
(b) needed to develop a new approach towards challenge the evidence and conclusions of each
painting to show a new level of reality other.
(c) were inspired by vertical and horizontal surfaces 30. The passage primarily discusses which of the
following
in inventing the technique of perspective
(d) saw two dimensional design more important (a) Evidence that supports the “Out of Africa”
than a feeling of depth theory
(b) Two hypotheses and some evidence on the
human origins debate
(c) The difficulties in obtaining agreement among
theorists on the human origins debate
(d) That fossils remain very much a part of the
Questions 30-39 human origins debate
There are two main hypotheses when it 31. The word “emergence” in line 1 is closest in
comes to explaining the emergence of modern meaning to
humans. The ‘Out of Africa’ theory holds that homo (a) complexity
sapiens burst onto the scene as a new species around (b) development
150,000 to 200,000 years ago in Africa and (c) appearance
subsequently replaced archaic humans such as the (d) decline
Neandertals. The other model, known as multi-
regional evolution or regional continuity, posits far 32. The word “proponents” in line 6 is closet in
more ancient and diverse roots for our kind. meaning to
Proponents of this view believe that homo sapiens (a) experts
arose in Africa some 2 million years ago and (b) advocates
evolved as a single species spread across the Old (c) inspectors
World, with populations in different regions linked (d) historians
through genetic and cultural exchange.
33. All of the following are true except
Of these two models, Out of Africa, which
was originally developed based on fossil evidence, (a) three methods of gathering evidence are
and supported by much genetic research, has been mentioned in the passage
favored by the majority of evolution scholars. The (b) the multi-regional model goes back further in
vast majority of these genetic studies have focused history.
on DNA from living populations, and although (c) the Out of Africa model has had more support
some small progress has been made in recovering from scholars
DNA from Neandertal that appears to support multi- (d) DNA studies offer one of the best ways in
regionalism, the chance of recovering nuclear DNA future to provide clear evidence.
from early human fossils is quite slim at present.
Fossils thus remain very much a part of the human 34. The word “slim” in line 14 is closest in meaning
origins debate. Another means of gathering
theoretical evidence is through bones. Examinations to
of early modern human skulls from Central Europe (a) small
and Australia dated to between 20,000 and 30,000 (b) narrow
(c) thin (c) Populations in different regions were linked
(d) difficult through genetic and cultural exchange
35. Which of the following is not true (d) This has been supported by fossil evidence
(a) the vast majority of genetic studies have focused Questions 40-50
on living populations Although management principles have been
(b) early modern human skulls all support the implemented since ancient times, most management
same conclusions scholars trace the beginning of modern management
(c) both hypotheses focus on Africa as a location for thought back to the early 1900s, beginning with
thepioneering work of Frederick Taylor (1856-
the new species. 1915). Taylor was the first person to study work
(d) early modern Australian skulls have similarities
scientifically. He is most famous for introducing
to those from Indonesia.
techniques of time and motion study, differential
36. In line 18, the word “their ” refers to which of piece rate systems, and for systematically
the following specializing the work of operating employees and
(a) Middle Easterners and Africans managers. Along with other pioneers such as Frank
(b) skulls and Lillian Gilbreth, Taylor set the stage, labeling
(c) central Europeans and Australians his philosophy and methods “scientific
(d) traits management’. At that time, his philosophy, which
37. Which of the following is NOT true about the was concerned with productivity, but which was
two hypotheses often misinterpreted as promoting worker interests
(a) Both hypotheses regard Neandertals to be the at the expense of management, was in marked
contrast to the prevailing industrial norms of worker
predecessors of modern humans exploitation. The time and motion study concepts
(b) Genetic studies have supported both hypotheses were popularized by Frank and Lillian Gilbreth.
(c) Both hypotheses cite Africa as an originating The Gilbreths had 12 children. By analyzing
location. his children’s dishwashing and bedmaking chores,
(d) One hypothesis dates the emergence of homo
this pioneer efficiency expert, Frank Gilbreth, hit on
sapiens much earlier than the other.
principles whereby workers could eliminate waste
38. It can be inferred from the passage that motion. He was memorialized by two of his
(a) there is likely to be an end to the debate in the children in their 1949 book called “Cheaper by the
near future Dozen”. The Gilbreth methods included using stop
(b) the debate will interest historians to take part in watches to time worker movements and special
(c) the debate is likely to be less important in future tools (cameras and special clocks) to monitor and
(d) there is little likelihood that the debate will study worker performance, and also involved
die down
identification of“therbligs” (Gilbreth spelled
39. According to the passage, the multi-regional backwards) – basic motions used in production jobs.
evolution model posits far more diverse roots for Many of these motions and accompanying times
have been used to determine how long it should take
our kind because a skilled worker to perform a given job. In this way
(a) Evidence from examinations of early modern an industrial engineer can get a handle on the
human skulls has come from a number of approximate time it should take to produce a
different parts of the world product or provide a service. However, use of work
(b) DNA from Neandertal appears to support multi- analysis in this way is unlikely to lead to useful
regionalis results unless all five work dimensions are
considered: physical, psychological, social, cultural, 46. According to the passage, the time it takes a
and power. skilled worker to perform the motion of a given
40. What is the passage primarily about? job can be measured by using:
10. Where in the passage does the author (D) The dangers of invisible radiation
provide a term for an earth covering that 2. What does the author say is especially important
always remains frozen?
about the Sun at the present time?
A. Line 4
(A) It appears yellow
B. Line 15
(B) It always remains the same
C. Line 23
D. Line 37 (C) It has a short history
Questions 1-5 (D) It is too cold
When we accept the evidence of our unaided
3. Why are very hot stars referred to as "ghosts"?
eyes and describe the Sun as a yellow star, we have
summed up the most important single fact about it- (A) They are short- lived.
at this moment in time. It appears probable, (B) They are mysterious.
however, that sunlight will be the color we know for
only a negligibly small part of the Sun's history. (C) They are frightening.
Stars, like individuals, age and change. As we look (D) They are nearly invisible.
out into space, we see around us stars at all stages of
evolution. There are faint blood-red dwarfs so cool
that their surface temperature is a mere 4,000 4. According to the passage as the Sun continues to
degrees Fahrenheit, there are searing ghosts blazing age, it is likely to become what color?
at 100, 000 degrees Fahrenheit and almost too hot to
(A) Yellow
be seen, for the great part of their radiation is in the
invisible ultraviolet range. (B) Violet
(C) Red
(D) White every major urban area, fostering a wave of
suburbanization that transformed the compact
5. In line 15, to which of the following does "it"
industrial city into a dispersed metropolis.
refer?
This first phase of mass - scale
(A) yellow "hump" suburbanization was reinforced by the
simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle
(B) day class whose desires for homeownership In
(C) Sun neighborhoods far from the aging inner city
were satisfied by the developers of single-
(D) hydrogen fuel family housing tracts.
Questions 1-6 1. Which of the following is the best title for
If by "suburb" is meant an urban the passage?
margin that grows more rapidly than its (A) The growth of Philadelphia
already developed interior, the process of
suburbanization began during the emergence (B) The Origin of the Suburb
of the industrial city in the second quarter of (C) The Development of City Transportation
the nineteenth century. Before that period the
city was a small highly compact cluster in (D) The Rise of the Urban Middle Class
which people moved about on foot and goods
2. The author mentions that areas bordering the
were conveyed by horse and cart. But the
cities have grown during periods of
early factories built in the 1830's and 1840's
were located along waterways and near (A) industrialization
railheads at the edges of cities, and housing
(B) inflation
was needed for the thousands of people drawn
by the prospect of employment. In time, the (C) revitalization
factories were surrounded by proliferating
mill towns of apartments and row houses that (D) unionization
abutted the older, main cities. As a defense 3. In line 10 the word "encroachment" refers to
against this encroachment and to enlarge their which of the following?
tax bases, the cities appropriated their
industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the (A) The smell of the factories
city of Philadelphia annexed most of (B) The growth of mill towns
Philadelphia County. Similar municipal
maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New (C) The development of waterways
York Indeed, most great cities of the United (D) The loss of jobs
States achieved such status only by
incorporating the communities along their 4. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in
borders. the passage as a factor in nineteenth-century
suburbanization?
With the acceleration of industrial
growth came acute urban crowding and (A) Cheaper housing
accompanying social stress conditions that (B) Urban crowding
began to approach disastrous proportions
when, in 1888, the first commercially (C) The advent of an urban middle class
successful electric traction line was
(D) The invention of the electric streetcar
developed. Within a few years the horse -
drawn trolleys were retired and electric 5. It can be inferred from the passage that after 1890
streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected most people traveled around cities by
(A) automobile (C) Early Attempts at Colonizing North America
(B) cart (D) Royal Patents Issued in the 16th Century
(C) horse-draw trolley 2. The passage states which of the following about
the first English people to be involved in
(D) electric streetcar
establishing colonies in North America?
6. Where in the passage does the author describe the
(A) They were requested to do so by Queen
cities as they were prior to suburbanization.
Elizabeth.
(A) Lines 3-5
(B) They were members of large trading companies.
(B) Lines 5-9
(C) They were immediately successful.
(C) Lines 12- 13
(D) They were acting on their own.
(D) Lines 15-18
3. According to the passage, which of the following
Questions 1-7 statements about Sir Humphrey Gilbert is true?
The first English attempts to colonize (A) He never settled in North America.
North America were controlled by
(B) His trading company was given a patent by the
individuals rather than companies. Sir
queen.
Humphrey Gilbert was the first Englishman
to send colonists to the New World. His (C) He fought the Spanish twice.
initial expedition, which sailed in 1578 with
(D) He died in 1587.
a patent granted by Queen Elizabeth was
defeated by the Spanish. A second attempt 4. When did Sir Walter Raleigh's initial expedition
ended in disaster in 1583, when Gilbert and set out for North America?
hi ship were lost in a storm. In the following
year, Gilbert's half brother, Sir Water (A) 1577
Raleigh, having obtained a renewal of the (B) 1579
patent, sponsored an expedition that
explored the coast of the region that he (C) 1582
named "Virginia". Under Raleigh's direction (D) 1584
efforts were then made to establish a colony
on Roanoke island in 1585 an6 1587. The
survivors of the first settlement on Roanoke 5. Which of the following can be inferred from the
returned to England in 1586, but the second passage about members of the first Roanoke
group of colonists disappeared without settlement?
leaving a trace. The failure of the Gilbert
and Raleigh ventures made it clear that the (A) They explored the entire coastal region.
tasks they had undertaken were too big for (B) Some did not survive.
any one colonizer. Within a short time the
trading company had supplanted the (C) They named the area "Virginia".
individual promoter of colonization.
(D) Most were not experienced sailors.
1. Which of the following would be the most
6. According to the passage, the first English
appropriate title for the passage?
settlement on Roanoke Island was established in
(A) The Regulation of Trading Companies
(A) 1578
(B) British - Spanish Rivalry in the New World
(B) 1583 Middle East about 10,000 years ago,
discovered that certain grasses could be
(C) 1585
harvested and their seeds planted for richer
(D) 1587 yields the next season, the first great step in a
new association of plants and humans was
7. According to the passage, which of; the following taken. Grains were discovered and from them
statements about the second settlement on flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated
Roanoke Island is true? crops. From then on, humans would
(A) Its settlers all gave up and returned to England. increasingly take their living from the
controlled production of a few plants, rather
(B) It lasted for several years. than getting a little here and a little there from
(C) The fate of its inhabitants is unknown. many varieties that grew wild – and the
accumulated knowledge' of tens of thousands
(D) It was conquered by the Spanish of years of experience and intimacy with
plants in the wild would begin to fade away.
Questions 1-7
1. Which of the following assumptions about early
Botany, the study of plants, occupies a humans is expressed in the passage?
peculiar position in the history of human
(A) They probably had extensive knowledge of
knowledge. For many thousands of years it
plants.
was the one field of awareness about which
humans had anything more than the vaguest (B) They thought there was no need to cultivate
of insights. It is impossible to know today just crops.
what our Stone Age ancestors knew about (C) They did not enjoy the study of botany.
plants, but from what we can observe of pre-
industrial societies that still exist, a detailed (D) They placed great importance on the ownership
learning of plants and their properties must be of property.
extremely ancient. This is logical. Plants are 2. What does the comment "This is logical" in line 6
the basis of the food pyramid for all living mean?
things, even for other plants. They have
(A) There is no clear way to determine the extent of
always been enormously important to the
our ancestor’s knowledge of plants.
welfare of peoples, not only for food, but also
for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes: medicines, (B) It is not surprising that early humans had a
shelter, and a great many other purposes. detailed knowledge of plants.
Tribes living today in the jungles of the (C) It is reasonable to assume that our ancestors
Amazon recognize literally hundreds of plants behaved very much like people in preindustrial
and know many properties of each. To them societies.
botany, as such, has no name and is probably
not even recognized as a special branch of (D) Human knowledge of plants is well organized
"Knowledge at all. and very detailed.
Unfortunately, the more industrialized 3. According to the passage, why has general
we become the farther away we move from knowledge of botany begun to fade?
direct contact with plants, and the less distinct (A) People no longer value plants as a useful
our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone resource.
comes unconsciously on an amazing amount
(B) Botany is not recognized as a special branch of
of botanical knowledge, and few people will
science.
fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid.
When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the
(C) Research is unable to keep up with the agriculture. Labor - saying machinery, naturally
increasing numbers of plants. appeared, first where labor was carce. "In Europe,"
said, Thomas Jefferson, the object is to make the
(D) Direct contact with a variety of plants has
most of: their land, labor being abundant;. here it, is
decreased.
to make the most of our labor, land being abundant.
4. In line 16, what is the author’s purpose in It was in America, therefore, that the great advances
mentioning "a rose, an apple, or an orchid"? in nineteenth - century agricultural machinery first
(A) To make the passage more poetic came.
(B) To cite examples of plants that are attractive At the opening of the century, with the
exception of a crude plow farmers could have
(C) To give botanical examples that all readers
carried practically all of the existing agricultural
will recognize
implement on their backs; by 1860, most of the
(D) To illustrate the diversity of botanical life machinery in use today had been designed in an
5. According to the passage, what was the first great early form. The most important of the early
step toward the practice of agriculture? inventions was the iron plow. As early as 1790
Charies Newbold of New Jersey had been working
(A) The invention of agricultural implements and on the of a cast – iron plow and spent his entire
machinery fortune in introducing his invention. The farmers,
(B) The development of a system of names for however, would have none of it, claiming that the
plants iron poisoned the soil and made the weeds grow.
Nevertheless, many people devoted their attention
(C) The discovery of grasses that could be
to the plow, until in 1869 James Oliver of South
harvested and replanted
Bend, Indiana, turned out the first chilled-steel
(D) The changing diets of early humans plow.
6. The relationship between botany and agriculture 1. What is the main topic of the passage?
is similar to the relationship between zoology (the
study of animals) and (A) The need for agricultural advances to help feed
a growing population
(A) deer hunting
(B) The development of safer machines demanded
(B) bird watching
by the labor movement
(C) sheep raising
(C) Machinery that contributed to the
(D) horseback riding agricultural revolution
7. In which lines in the passage does the author (D) New Jersey as a leader in the agricultural
describe the beneficial properties that plants have revolution
for humans?
2. The word "naturally" as used in line 3 is closest
(A) Lines 1-2
in meaning to which of the following?
(B) Lines 7-9
(A) Gradually
(C) Lines 11-12
(B) Unsurprisingly
(D) Lines 14-16
(C) Apparently
22. The company sustained an angry reaction from the medication, __________ to curtail her work
its employees after announcing how__________ and public speaking activities.
A. has B. had
to reduce operating costs. C. she has had D. she will had
A. it planned B. planned
C. did it plan D. was planned 30. __________ did Arthur realize that there was
danger.
23. The gymnasium facilities of this public school A. Upon entering the store
are __________ those of the finest private B. When he entered the store
school in the county. C. After he had entered the store
A. second after B. second only to D. Only after entering the store
C. first except for D. second place from
31. Hardly __________ the office when he realized
24. The more the horse tried to free itself from the that he had forgotten his wallet.
restraint, __________. A. he had entered
A. the tighter it became B. had entered
B. it became tighter C. entered
C. the horse could not escape D. had he entered
D. it was unable to move
32. Once the employees had begun receiving
25. __________, that runner is likely to be the first financial information on the company,
one chosen. __________ income.
A. Due to her agility and speed A. they diligently assisted in reducing costs and
B. Because of she is agile and fast increasing
C. Because agile and rapid B. it made the employees more eager to assist in
D. Because her agility and speed reduce costs and increase
C. diligently they assist to reduce costs and increase
D. with extreme diligence helped lower costs and depending largely upon the type of terrain and the
increase properties of the soil.
One of the largest in the world, the pipeline
33. The plumber attempted to loosen the nut with cost approximately $8 billion and is by far the
regular pliers but then decided he needed to biggest
retrieve his toolbox in order to use __________. (30) and most expensive construction project ever
A. another pliers
undertaken by private industry. In fact, no single
B. others pliers
business could raise that much money, so 8 major
C. the others ones
D. another pair oil
companies formed a consortium in order to share
34. The committee has met and __________. the costs. Each company controlled oil rights to
A. have approve the budget (35) particular shares of land in the oil fields and
B. budget was approved paid
C. its approval of the budget into the pipeline-construction fund according to the
D. approved the budget size of its holdings. Today, despite enormous
problems of climate, supply shortages, equipment
Reading breakdowns, labor disagreements, treacherous
(40) terrain, a certain amount of mismanagement,
Practice Passage 1 and even theft, the Alaska pipeline has been
The Alaska pipeline starts at the frozen edge completed and is operating.
of the Arctic Ocean. It stretches southward across
the largest and northernmost state in the United 1. The passage primarily discusses the pipeline's
States, ending at a remote ice-free seaport village a) operating costs
nearly 800 miles from (5) whereit begins. It is b) employees
massive in size and extremely complicated to c) consumers
operate. The steel pipe crosses windswept plains d) construction
and endless miles of delicate tundra that tops the
frozen ground. It weaves through crooked canyons, 2. The word "it" in line 5 refers to
climbs sheer (10) mountains, plunges over rocky a) pipeline
b) ocean
crags, makes its way
c) state
through thick forests, and passes over or under d) village
hundreds of rivers and streams. The pipe is 4 feet in
diameter, and up to 2 million barrels (or 84 million 3. According to the passage, 84 million gallons of
gallons) of crude oil can be pumped through it oil
daily. can travel through the pipeline each
(15) Resting on H-shaped steel racks called a) day
"bents," long sections of the pipeline follow a b) week
zigzag course high above the frozen earth. Other c) month
long sections drop out of sight beneath spongy or d) year
rocky ground and return to the surface later on. The
pattern of the pipeline's up-and- (20) down route is 4. The phrase "Resting on" in line 15 is closest in
meaning to
determined by the often harsh demands of the arctic
a) consisting of
and subarctic climate, the tortuous lay of the land,
b) supported by
and the varied compositions of soil, rock, or c) passing under
permafrost (permanently frozen ground). A little d) protected with
more than half of the pipeline is elevated above the
ground. (25) The remainder is buried anywhere
from 3 to 12 feet,
5. The author mentions all of the following as response, in the “jazz age” of the 1920s, in the
important in determining the pipeline's route “swing era” of the late 1930s and in the peak
EXCEPT the popularity of modern jazz in the late 1950s.
a. climate The standard legend about Jazz is that it
b. lay of the land itself originated
c. local vegetation around the end of the 19th century in New
d. kind of soil and rock Orleans and moved up the Mississippi Memphis,
St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It welded
6. The word "undertaken" in line 31 is closest in together the elements of Ragtime, marching band
meaning to music, and the Blues. However, the influences
a. removed of what led to those early sounds goes back
b. selected to tribal African drum beats and European
c. transported musical structures. Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans
d. attempted barber and cornet player, is generally considered
to have been the first real Jazz musician, around
7. How many companies shared the costs of 1891.
constructing the pipeline? What made Jazz significantly different from
a. three the other earlier forms of music was the use of
b. four improvisation. Jazz displayed a break from
c. eight traditional music where a composer wrote an
d. twelve entire
piece of music on paper, leaving the musicians
8. The word "particular" in line 35 is closest in to break their backs playing exactly what was
meaning to written on the score. In a Jazz piece, however,
a. peculiar the song is simply a starting point, or sort of
b. specific skeletal guide for the Jazz musicians to
c. exceptional improvise around. Actually, many of the early
d. equal Jazz musicians were bad sight readers and some
couldn’t even read music at all. Generally
9. Which of the following determined what speaking, these early musicians couldn’t make
percentage of the construction costs each very much money and were stuck working
member of the consortium would pay? menial jobs to make a living. The second wave
a. How much oil field land each company of New Orleans Jazz musicians included such
owned memorable players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and
b. How long each company had owned land in the Jelly Roll Morton. These men formed small
oil fields bands and took the music of earlier musicians,
c. How many people worked for each company improved its complexity, and gained greater
d. How many oil wells were located on the success. This music is known as “hot Jazz” due
company's land to the enormously fast speeds and rhythmic
10. Where in the passage does the author provide a drive.
term for an earth covering that always remains A young cornet player by the name of
frozen? Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe Oliver
a. Line 4 b. Line 15 in New Orleans. He soon grew up to become one
c. Line 23 d. Line 37 of the greatest and most successful musicians of
all time, and later one of the biggest stars in the
world. The impact of Armstrong and other
Jazz has been called “the art of talented early Jazz musicians changed the way we
expression set to music”, and “America’s great look at music.
contribution 1. The Passage answers which of the following
to music”. It has functioned as popular art and questions?
enjoyed periods of fairly widespread public
(a) Why did Ragtime, marching band music, and 7. The word “menial” in line 18 is closest in
the meaning
Blues lose popularity after about 1900? to
(b) What were the origins of Jazz and how did it (a) mens
(b) attractive
differ from other forms of music? (c) degrading
(c) What has been the greatest contribution of (d) skilled
cornet
players to music in the twentieth century? 8. According to the passage, which of the following
(d) Which early Jazz musicians most influenced the
belonged to the second wave of New Orleans
development of Blues music? Jazz
musicians?
2. According to the passage, Jazz originated in (a) Louis Armstrong
(a) Chicago (b) Buddy Bolden
(b) St. Louis (c) St. Louis
(c) along the Mississippi river (d) Joe Oliver
(d) New Orleans
9. All of the following are true EXCEPT
3. The word “welded” in line 6 is closest in (a) the late 1930s was called the “swing era”
meaning (b) “hot Jazz” is rhythmic
to (c) Jazz has been said to be America’s greatest
(a) squeezed contribution to music
(b) bound (d) Joe Oliver is generally considered to be the
(c) added first real Jazz musician
(d) stirred
10. The word “its” in line 21 refers to
4. Which of the following distinguished Jazz as a (a) small bands
new form of musical expression? (b) earlier music
(a) the use of cornets (c) men
(b) “hot Jazz” (d) earlier musicians
(c) improvisation
(d) New Orleans 11. Which of the following terms is defined in the
passage?
5. The word “skeletal” in line 15 is closest in (a) “improvisation” (line 12)
meaning to (b) “traditional” (line 12)
(a) framework (c) “composer” (line 12)
(b) musical (d) “score” (line 14)
(c) basic
(d) essential The Moon has been worshipped by primitive
peoples and has inspired humans to create
6. Which of the following can be inferred from the everything from lunar calendars to love sonnets, but
passage? what do we really know about it? The most
(a) many early Jazz musicians had poor sight accepted theory about the origin of the Moon is that
(b) there is no slow music in Jazz it was formed of the debris from a massive collision
(c) many early Jazz musicians had little formal with the young Earth about 4.6 billion years ago. A
musical training huge body, perhaps the size of Mars, struck the
(d) the cornet is the most common musical Earth, throwing out an immense amount of debris
instrument used in Jazz that coalesced and
cooled in orbit around the Earth.
The development of Earth is inextricably
linked to the moon; the Moon’s gravitational
influence upon the Earth is the primary cause of (a) rubbish
ocean tides. In fact, the Moon has more than twice (b) satellites
the effect upon the tides than does the Sun. The (c) moons
Moon makes one rotation and completes a (d) earth
revolution around the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours,
and 43 minutes. This synchronous rotat ion is 15. According to the passage, the Moon is
caused by an uneven distribution of mass in the (a) older than the Earth
Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side than the (b) protected by a dense atmosphere
other) and has allowed the Earth’s gravity to keep (c) composed of a few active volcanoes
one side of the Moon permanently facing Earth. It (d) the primary cause of Earth’s ocean tides
is an average distance from Earth of 384,403 km.
Moon has no atmosphere; without an 16. The word “uneven “ in line 11 is closest in
atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to protect it from meaning to
meteorite impacts, and thus the surface of the Moon (a) Heavier
is covered with impact craters, both large and small. (b) Equally distributed
The Moon also has no active tectonic or volcanic (c) Orderly
activity, so the erosive effects of atmospheric (d) Not uniform
weathering, tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals
that tend to erase and reform the Earth’s surface 17. Why does the author mention “impact craters”
features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, even in
tiny surface features such as the footprint left by an line 16?
astronaut in the lunar soil are likely to last for (a) to show the result of the Moon not having an
millions of years, unless obliterated by a chance atmosphere
meteorite strike. The surface gravity of the Moon is (b) to show the result of the Moon not having active
about onesixth that of the Earth’s. Therefore, a man
weighing 82 kilograms on Earth would only weigh tectonic or volcanic activity
14 kilograms on the Moon. (c) to explain why the Moon has no plant life
The geographical features of the Earth most because
like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such as the of meteorites
Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge meteor (d) to explain the corrosive effects of atmospheric
crater in Arizona. The climate of the Moon is very weathering
unlike either Hawaii or Arizona, however; in fact
the temperature on the Moon ranges between 123 18. The word “erase” in line 19 is closest in
degrees C. to –233 degrees C. meaning
to
12. What is the passage primarily about? (a) change
(a) the Moon’s effect upon the Earth (b) impact
(b) the origin of the Moon (c) obliterate
(c) what we know about the Moon and its (d) erupt
differences to Earth
(d) a comparison of the Moon and the Earth 19. A person on the Moon would weigh less than
on
13. The word “massive” in line 4 is closest in the Earth because
meaning to (a) of the composition of lunar soil
(a) unavoidable (b) the surface gravity of the Moon is less
(a) dense (c) the Moon has no atmosphere
(b) huge (d) the Moon has no active tectonic or volcanic
(c) impressive activity
14. The word “debris” in line 5 is closest in 20. All of the following are true about the Moon
meaning EXCEPT
to (a) it has a wide range of temperatures
(b) it is heavier on one side than the other In 1921, however, the country began to
(c) it is unable to protect itself from meteorite limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of
attacks 1924 virtually closed the door. The total number
(d) it has less effect upon the tides than the Sun of immigrants admitted per year dropped from
as many as a million to only 150,000. A quota
21. Which of the following can be inferred from the system was established that specified the number of
immigrants that could come from each country. It
passage? heavily favored immigrants from northern and
(a) the Moon is not able to support human life western Europe and severely limited everyone
(b) if the Moon had no gravitational influence, the else. This system remained in effect until
Earth would not have tides 1965, although after World War II, several
(c) people living in Hawaii and Arizona would feel exceptions were made to the quota system to
at home on the Moon allow in groups of refugees.
(d) Mars could have been formed in a similar way
to 22. Why did the author write the passage?
the Moon (a) to outline the ways immigration has been
restricted
People of Hispanic origin were on the (b) to emphasize the impact of migrants from
North American continent centuries before Europe
settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s (c) to explain and give examples of the concept of a
and the thirteen colonies joined together to form
the United States in the late 1700s. The first “melting pot”
census of the new nation was conducted in (d) to summarize the main features of
1790, and counted about four million people, immigration
most of whom were white. Of the white citizens,
more than 80% traced their ancestry back to 23. According to the passage, which ancestry
England. There were close to 700,000 slaves and predominated at the time of the first census?
about 60,000 “free Negroes”. Only a few Native (a) Native Americans
American Indians who paid taxes were included (b) Negroes
in the census count, but the total Native American (c) English
population was probably about one million. (d) Hispanic
By 1815, the population of the United
States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years, 24. The word “ancestry” in line 5 is closest in
the country took in about 35 million meaning to
immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming in (a) origins
the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1882, 40,000 (b) inheritance
Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and 1907, (c) color
there were more than 30,000 Japanese (d) freedom
immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of
the new immigrants were from central, eastern, and 25. The word “their” in line 5 refers to which of the
southern Europe.
An enormous amount of racial and ethnic following
assimilation has taken place in the United States. (a) immigrants
In 1908, play-write Israel Zangwill first used the (b) people of Hispanic origin
term “melting pot” to describe the concept of a (c) white citizens
place where many races melted in a crucible (d) Native Americans
and re-formed to populate a new land. Some
years during the first two decades of the 20th 26. Which of the following is true, according to the
century, there were as many as one million new passage?
immigrants per year, an astonishing 1 percent of the (a) a quota system was in place from 1908
total population of the United States. (b) a peak period of immigration was in the late
1800s and early 1900s
(c) slaves were not counted in the first census
(d) only those who paid taxes were included in the
first census
passage Passage 3
(a) preserving a developing “American” culture When we accept the evidence of our
was a major factor leading to the unaided eyes and describe the Sun as a yellow
introduction star, we have summed up the most important
of the quota system single fact about it-at this moment in time.
(b) racial and ethnic assimilation did not occur as
planned It appears probable, however, that
(c) racial and ethnic tensions would have increased sunlight will be the color we know for only a
if negligibly small part of the Sun's history.
the quota system had not been introduced Stars, like individuals, age and change. As we
(d) the quota system was introduced to limit look out into space, We see around us stars at
population growth all stages of evolution. There are faint blood-
red dwarfs so cool that their surface (B) Violet
temperature is a mere 4,000 degrees (C) Red
Fahrenheit, there are searing ghosts blazing at
100, 000 degrees Fahrenheit and almost too (D) White
hot to be seen, for the great part of their 5. In line 15, to which of the following does "it"
radiation is in the invisible ultraviolet range. refer?
Obviously, the "daylight" produced by any
star depends on its temperature; today(and for (A) yellow "hump"
ages to come) our Sun is at about 10,000 (B) day
degrees Fahrenheit, and this means that most
(C) Sun
of the Sun's light is concentrated in the yellow
band of the spectrum, falling slowly in (D) hydrogen fuel
intensity toward both the longer and shorter
light waves.
Passage 4
That yellow "hump" will shift as the Sun
evolves, and the light of day will change If by "suburb" is meant an urban
accordingly. It is natural to assume that as the margin that grows more rapidly than its
Sun grows older, and uses up its hydrogen already developed interior, the process of
fuel-which it is now doing at the spanking rate suburbanization began during the emergence
of half a billion tons a second- it will become of the industrial city in the second quarter of
steadily colder and redder. the nineteenth century. Before that period the
city was a small highly compact cluster in
1. What is the passage mainly about? which people moved about on foot and goods
(A) Faint dwarf stars were conveyed by horse and cart. But the
early factories built in the 1830's and 1840's
(B) The evolutionary cycle of the Sun
were located along waterways and near
(C) The Sun's fuel problem railheads at the edges of cities, and housing
(D) The dangers of invisible radiation was needed for the thousands of people drawn
by the prospect of employment. In time, the
2. What does the author say is especially important factories were surrounded by proliferating
about the Sun at the present time? mill towns of apartments and row houses that
(A) It appears yellow abutted the older, main cities. As a defense
against this encroachment and to enlarge their
(B) It always remains the same tax bases, the cities appropriated their
(C) It has a short history industrial neighbors. In 1854, for example, the
city of Philadelphia annexed most of
(D) It is too cold
Philadelphia County. Similar municipal
3. Why are very hot stars referred to as "ghosts"? maneuvers took place in Chicago and in New
(A) They are short- lived. York Indeed, most great cities of the United
States achieved such status only by
(B) They are mysterious. incorporating the communities along their
(C) They are frightening. borders.
(D) They are nearly invisible. With the acceleration of industrial
growth came acute urban crowding and
4. According to the passage as the Sun continues to
accompanying social stress conditions that
age, it is likely to become what color?
began to approach disastrous proportions
(A) Yellow when, in 1888, the first commercially
successful electric traction line was 5. It can be inferred from the passage that after 1890
developed. Within a few years the horse - most people traveled around cities by
drawn trolleys were retired and electric (A) automobile
streetcar networks crisscrossed and connected
every major urban area, fostering a wave of (B) cart
suburbanization that transformed the compact (C) horse-draw trolley
industrial city into a dispersed metropolis.
This first phase of mass - scale (D) electric streetcar
suburbanization was reinforced by the 6. Where in the passage does the author describe the
simultaneous emergence of the urban Middle cities as they were prior to suburbanization.
class whose desires for homeownership In
(A) Lines 3-5
neighborhoods far from the aging inner city
were satisfied by the developers of single- (B) Lines 5-9
family housing tracts. (C) Lines 12- 13
1. Which of the following is the best title for the (D) Lines 15-18
passage?
The first jazz musicians played in New
(A) The growth of Philadelphia Orleans during the early 1900's. After 1917.
(B) The Origin of the Suburb many of the New Orleans musicians moved to
the south side of Chicago. where they
(C) The Development of City Transportation
continued to play their style of jazz. Soon
(D) The Rise of the Urban Middle Class Chicago was the new-center for jazz.
2. The author mentions that areas bordering the Several outstanding musicians
cities have grown during periods of emerged as leading jazz artists in Chicago.
(A) industrialization Daniel Lotus "Satchmo" Armstrong, born in
New Orleans in 1900, was one. Another
(B) inflation leading musician was Joseph king Oliver. who
(C) revitalization is also credited with having discovered
Armstrong, when they were both in New
(D) unionization
Orleans. While in Chicago. Oliver asked
3. In line 10 the word "encroachment" refers to Armstrong, who was in New Orleans, to join
which of the following? his band. In 1923 King Oliver's Creole Jazz
(A) The smell of the factories Band made the first important set of
recordings by a Hot Five and Hot Seven bands
(B) The growth of mill towns under Louis Armstrong also made recordings
(C) The development of waterways of special note.
(D) The loss of jobs Although Chicago’s South Side was the
4. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in main jazz center, some musicians in New
the passage as a factor in nineteenth-century York were also demanding attention in jazz
suburbanization? circles. In 1923 Fletcher Henderson already
had a ten - piece band that played jazz. During
(A) Cheaper housing the early 1930’s, the number of players grew
(B) Urban crowding to sixteen. Henderson' s band was considered
a leader in what some people have called the
(C) The advent of an urban middle class
Big Band Era. By the 1930’s. big dance bands
(D) The invention of the electric streetcar were the rage. Large numbers of people went
to ballrooms to dance to jazz music played by (A) Louis Armstrong
big bands. (B) Joseph Oliver
One of the most popular and also a very (C) Edward Ellington
famous jazz band was the Duke Eilington
band. Edward "Duke" Ellington was born in (D) Fletcher Henderson
Washington, D.C., in 1899 and died in New 5. The passage supports which of the following
York City in 1974. He studied the piano as a conclusions?
young boy and later began writing original
(A) By the 1930's jazz was appreciated by a
musical compositions. The first of Ellington's
wide audience
European tours came in 1933. He soon
received international fame for his talent as a (B) Classical music had a great impact on jazz
band leader, composer. and arranger. Ten (C) jazz originated in New Orleans in the early
years later, Ellington began giving annual nineteenth century
concerts at Carnegic Hall in New York City.
People began to listen to jazz in the same way, (D) jazz band were better known in, Europe than
that they had always listened to classical in the United States
music. 6. Which of the following cities is NOT mentioned
in the passage as a center of jazz?
1. It can be inferred from the passage that Louis
Armstrong went to Chicago for which of the (A) New York
following reasons? (B) Washington, D.C.
(A) To form his own band (C) Chicago
(B) To learn to play Chicago - style jazz (D) New Orleans
(C) To play in Joseph Oliver's band
(D) To make recordings with the Hot Five Questions 1-11
2. According to the passage, which of the following
Jazz has been called “the art of
Black bands was the first to make a significant set
expression set to music”, and “America’s
of jazz recordings?
great contribution to music”. It has
(A) The Hot Seven band functioned as popular art and enjoyed periods
(B) Fletcher Henderson's band of fairly widespread public response, in the
“jazz age” of the 1920s, in the “swing era” of
(C) The Red Hot Peppers band the late 1930s and in the peak popularity of
(D) King Oliver's Creole jazz Band modern jazz in the late 1950s. The standard
legend about Jazz is that it originated around
the end of the 19th century in New Orleans
and moved up the Mississippi River to
3. As used in line 12, the word "note" could best be
Memphis, St. Louis, and finally to Chicago. It
replaced by which of the following?
welded together the elements of Ragtime,
(A) distinction marching band music, and the Blues.
(B) memorandum However, the influences of what led to those
early sounds goes back to tribal African drum
(C) mood beats and European musical structures.
(D) song Buddy Bolden, a New Orleans barber and
cornet player, is generally considered to have
4. The nickname "Duke" belonged to which of the
been the first real Jazz musician, around
following bandleaders?
1891. (D) Which early Jazz musicians most influenced
the development of Blues music?
What made Jazz significantly
different from the other earlier forms of 2. According to the passage, Jazz originated in
music was the use of improvisation. Jazz (A) Chicago
displayed a break from traditional music
where a composer wrote an entire piece of (B) St. Louis
music on paper, leaving the musicians to (C) along the Mississippi river
break their backs playing exactly what was
(D) New Orleans
written on the score. In a Jazz piece,
however, the song is simply a starting point, 3. The word “welded” in line 6 is closest in meaning
or sort of skeletal guide for the Jazz to
musicians to improvise around. Actually, (A) squeezed
many of the early Jazz musicians were bad
sight readers and some couldn’t even read (B) bound
music at all. Generally speaking, these early (C) added
musicians couldn’t make very much money
(D) stirred
and were stuck working menial jobs to make
a living. The second wave of New Orleans 4. Which of the following distinguished Jazz as a
Jazz musicians included such memorable new form of musical expression?
players as Joe Oliver, Kid Ory, and Jelly Roll (A) the use of cornets
Morton. These men formed small bands and
took the music of earlier musicians, (B) “hot Jazz”
improved its complexity, and gained greater (C) improvisation
success. This music is known as “hot Jazz”
(D) New Orleans
due to the enormously fast speeds and
rhythmic drive. 5. The word “skeletal” in line 15 is closest in
meaning to
A young cornet player by the name of
Louis Armstrong was discovered by Joe (A) framework
Oliver in New Orleans. He soon grew up to (B) musical
become one of the greatest and most
(C) basic
successful musicians of all time, and later
one of the biggest stars in the world. The (D) essential
impact of Armstrong and other talented early 6. Which of the following can be inferred from the
Jazz musicians changed the way we look at passage?
music.
(A) many early Jazz musicians had poor sight
1. The Passage answers which of the following
questions? (B) there is no slow music in Jazz
(A) Why did Ragtime, marching band music, and (C) many early Jazz musicians had little formal
the Blues lose popularity after about 1900? musical training
(B) What were the origins of Jazz and how did it (D) the cornet is the most common musical
differ from other forms of music? instrument used in Jazz
(C) What has been the greatest contribution of 7. The word “menial” in line 18 is closest in
cornet players to music in the twentieth meaning to
century? (A) mens
(B) attractive
(C) degrading
(D) skilled
8. According to the passage, which of the following
belonged to the second wave of New Orleans
Jazz musicians?
(A) Louis Armstrong
(B) Buddy Bolden
(C) St. Louis
(D) Joe Oliver
9. All of the following are true EXCEPT
(A) the late 1930s was called the “swing era”
(B) “hot Jazz” is rhythmic
(C) Jazz has been said to be America’s greatest
contribution to music
(D) Joe Oliver is generally considered to be the
first real Jazz musician
10. The word “its” in line 21 refers to
(A) small bands
(B) earlier music
(C) men
(D) earlier musicians
11. Which of the following terms is defined in the
passage?
(A) “improvisation” (line 12)
(B) “traditional” (line 12)
(C) “composer” (line 12)
(D) “score” (line 14)
Questions 12-21 kilograms on the Moon.
The geographical features of the Earth most
like that of the Moon are, in fact, places such
The Moon has been worshipped by
as the Hawaiian volcanic craters and the huge
primitive peoples and has inspired humans to
meteor crater in Arizona. The climate of the
create everything from lunar calendars to love
Moon is very unlike either Hawaii or Arizona,
sonnets, but what do we really know about it?
however; in fact the temperature on the Moon
The most accepted theory about the origin of
Line ranges between 123 degrees C. to –233
the Moon is that it was formed of the debris
degrees C.
(5) from a massive collision with the young Earth
about 4.6 billion years ago. A huge body,
perhaps the size of Mars, struck the Earth,
12. What is the passage primarily about?
throwing out an immense amount of debris
that coalesced and cooled in orbit around the (A) the Moon’s effect upon the Earth
Earth. (B) the origin of the Moon
The development of Earth is (C) what we know about the Moon and its
inextricably linked to the moon; the Moon’s differences to Earth
gravitational influence upon the Earth is the
(10) (D) a comparison of the Moon and the Earth
primary cause of ocean tides. In fact, the
Moon has more than twice the effect upon the 13. The word “massive” in line 4 is closest in
tides than does the Sun. The Moon makes one meaning to
rotation and completes a revolution around (A) unavoidable
the Earth every 27 days, 7 hours, and 43
minutes. This synchronous rotation is caused (B) dense
by an uneven distribution of mass in the (C) huge
Moon (essentially, it is heavier on one side
(D) impressive
than the other) and has allowed the Earth’s
(15) gravity to keep one side of the Moon 14. The word “debris” in line 5 is closest in
permanently facing Earth. It is an average meaning to
distance from Earth of 384,403 km. (A) rubbish
The Moon has no atmosphere; without (B) satellites
an atmosphere, the Moon has nothing to
protect it from meteorite impacts, and thus the (C) moons
surface of the Moon is covered with impact (D) earth
(20) craters, both large and small. The Moon also 15. According to the passage, the Moon is
has no active tectonic or volcanic activity, so
the erosive effects of atmospheric weathering, (A) older than the Earth
tectonic shifts, and volcanic upheavals that (B) protected by a dense atmosphere
tend to erase and reform the Earth’s surface
features are not at work on the Moon. In fact, (C) composed of a few active volcanoes
even tiny surface features such as the footprint (D) the primary cause of Earth’s ocean tides
left by an astronaut in the lunar soil are likely
(25) to last for millions of years, unless obliterated
by a chance meteorite strike. The surface
gravity of the Moon is about one-sixth that of 16. The word “uneven “ in line 11 is closest in
the Earth’s. Therefore, a man weighing 82 meaning to
kilograms on Earth would only weigh 14
(A) Heavier (B) if the Moon had no gravitational influence, the
Earth would not have tides
(B) Equally distributed
(C) Orderly (C) people living in Hawaii and Arizona would feel
at home on the Moon
(D) Not uniform
(D) Mars could have been formed in a similar way
17. Why does the author mention “impact craters”
to the Moon
in line 16?
Questions 22-31
(A) to show the result of the Moon not having an
atmosphere People of Hispanic origin were on the
(B) to show the result of the Moon not having active North American continent centuries before
settlers arrived from Europe in the early 1600s
tectonic or volcanic activity and the thirteen colonies joined together to form
the United States in the late 1700s. The first
(C) to explain why the Moon has no plant life Line census of the new nation was conducted in 1790,
because of meteorites
(5) and counted about four million people, most of
(D) to explain the corrosive effects of atmospheric whom were white. Of the white citizens, more
weathering than 80% traced their ancestry back to England.
There were close to 700,000 slaves and about
18. The word “erase” in line 19 is closest in
60,000 “free Negroes”. Only a few Native
meaning to
American Indians who paid taxes were included
(A) change in the census count, but the total Native
(B) impact American population was probably about one
million.
(C) obliterate
(10) By 1815, the population of the United
(D) erupt
States was 8.4 million. Over the next 100 years,
19. A person on the Moon would weigh less than on the country took in about 35 million
the Earth because immigrants, with the greatest numbers coming
(A) of the composition of lunar soil in the late 1800s and early 1900s. In 1882,
40,000 Chinese arrived, and between 1900 and
(B) the surface gravity of the Moon is less 1907, there were more than 30,000 Japanese
(C) the Moon has no atmosphere immigrants. But by far, the largest numbers of
the new immigrants were from central, eastern,
(D) the Moon has no active tectonic or volcanic
(15) and southern Europe.
activity
An enormous amount of racial and ethnic
20. All of the following are true about the Moon
assimilation has taken place in the United
EXCEPT
States. In 1908, play-write Israel Zangwill first
(A) it has a wide range of temperatures used the term “melting pot” to describe the
(B) it is heavier on one side than the other concept of a place where many races melted in
a crucible and re-formed to populate a new
(C) it is unable to protect itself from meteorite land. Some years during the first two decades
attacks of the 20th century, there were as many as one
(D) it has less effect upon the tides than the Sun million new immigrants per year, an
(20) astonishing 1 percent of the total population of
21. Which of the following can be inferred from the
the United States.
passage?
In 1921, however, the country began to
(A) the Moon is not able to support human life
limit immigration, and the Immigration Act of (D) Native Americans
1924 virtually closed the door. The total
number of immigrants admitted per year
dropped from as many as a million to only
150,000. A quota system was established that 26. Which of the following is true, according to the
(25) specified the number of immigrants that could passage?
come from each country. It heavily favored (A) a quota system was in place from 1908
immigrants from northern and western Europe
and severely limited everyone else. This system (B) a peak period of immigration was in the late
remained in effect until 1965, although after 1800s and early 1900s
World War II, several exceptions were made to (C) slaves were not counted in the first census
the quota system to allow in groups of
(D) only those who paid taxes were included in the
refugees.
first census
22. Why did the author write the passage? 27. The number of immigrants taken in over the 100
(A) to outline the ways immigration has been
restricted years to 1915 was
(B) to emphasize the impact of migrants from (A) probably about 1 million
Europe (B) about 35 million
(C) to explain and give examples of the concept of a (C) 8.4 million
(D) to summarize the main features of 28. The word “concept” in line 16 is closest in
immigration meaning to
25. The word “their” in line 5 refers to which of the (A) they were subjected to an official quota in the
following Immigration Act from 1924
(C) nearly 40. All of the following about Frank Lloyd Wright
are true EXCEPT
(D) exactly
(A) he became the leader of a style known as
35. According to the passage, an idyllic American “organic architecture”
suburb is
(B) he died at the age of 92
(A) based on forms borrowed from nature
(C) he commenced university studies at the age of
(B) blended into the landscape 15
(C) giant oaks, sprawling lawns, and no fences (D) some of his most spectacular buildings were not
(D) houses with low-pitched reefs and extended in America
lines
36. The word “blended” in line 13 is closest in
meaning to
(A) dug
(B) cut
(C) imposed
(D) merged
37. The word “itself” in line 17 refers to
(A) social workshop
(B) Taliesin Fellowship
(C) He
(D) Major universities
38. The word “idiosyncratic” in line 24 is closest in
meaning to
(A) idiotic
(B) idealistic
(C) individualistic
(D) independent
39. Which of the following can be inferred from the
passage?
(A) the Taliesin Fellowship was a grant of money
Structure (C) a telephoto lens which magnifies
(D) and magnifying a telephoto lens
1. Clinical psychologist Dr. Carl Rogers found that
80 _____ percent verbal communication involved 7. Volcanoes are divided into three main
five types of responses: evaluative, interpretive, groups, based on their shape and the
supportive, probing, and understanding. type of material they______.
(A) all (A) are made
(B) is the (B) made of
(C) with (C) are made of
(D) of all (D) made for
2. The early feminist leader Susan B. Anthony 8. _____ to inanimate objects, such as
became increasingly aware through her work in the machines, is a form of animism.
temperance movement ______ the same rights as (A) When attributing emotion
men. (B) Attributing emotion
(A) women were not granted that (C) Emotion is attributed
(B) that women were not granted (D) If emotion is attributed
(C) not granted women that were
9. ______, dolphins have no sense of smell.
(D) that were not granted women
(A) As known as far
(B) Known thus far as
3. DNA, _____, is found in the cell nucleus
(C) It is known as far
in the form of very long and thin
(D) As far as is known
molecules consisting of two spiral strands.
(A) inherits material
10. The growth of psychobiology owes _____ to
(B) is inheritance material
major conceptual advances in the way people think
(C) material is inherited
about the brain.
(D) the material of inheritance
(A) much
(B) as much as
4. ______ plants, which manufacture their
(C) much which
own food, animals obtain nourishment by
(D) there is so much
acquiring and ingesting their food.
(A) Unlike
11. In 1938 Pearl S. Buck became the first
(B) Different
American woman ______ the Nobel Prize for
(C) Whereas
Literature.
(D) As much
(A) receive
(B) received
5. The Hawaiian alphabet, introduced by
(C) to receive
missionaries in the 1820's, _____ and only seven
(D) she received
consonants.
(A) the five vowels consist of
12. Now considered an art form, quilt making
(B) consisting of five vowels
originated as a means of fashioning bed covers from
(C) that consists of five vowels
bits of fabric that otherwise ______.
(D) consists of five vowels
(A) not use
(B) were no use
6. Working like a telescope, _____ the size
(C) had no use
of objects at great distances.
(D) it was not used
(A) which magnifies a telephoto lens
(B) a telephoto lens magnifies
1. In 1879, _____, Alice Freeman Palmer became
13. The early years of the United States government head of the history department at Wellesley
were characterized by a debate concerning _____ or College.
individual states should have more power. (A) twenty-four years
(A) whether the federal government (B) at the age of twenty-four
(B) either the federal government (C) age twenty-four
(C) that the federal government (D) of twenty-four years
(D) the federal government
2. United States spends more money on advertising
14. Beneath the streets of a modem city _____ of _____ country in the world.
walls, columns, cables, pipes, and tunnels required (A) other
to satisfy the needs of its inhabitants. (B) other than
(A) where exists the network (C) than any other
(B) the existing network (D) while other
(C) the network's existence
(D) exists the network 3. Penicillin, probably _____, came into
widespread use after the Second World War.
15. The province of Newfoundland has _____ than (A) an antibiotic of known
any other region of North America in which the first (B) was known the antibiotic
language is English. (C) the best-known antibiotic
(A) its longer history (D) known best antibiotic
(B) a longer history
(C) the longer the history 4. Although Emily Dickinson is now a well-known
(D) the history is longer American poet, only seven of her poems _____
while she was alive.
(A) publishing
(B) to publish
(C) have published
(D) were published
8. The sidereal day is the period _____ the Earth 14. _____ around us gives us vital information
completes one rotation on its axis. about our environment.
(A) when does it (A) The sounds are heard
(B) while it (B) That the hearing of sounds
(C) during which (C) Hearing the sounds
(D) in that (D) Whatever the sounds are heard
9. _____ rainfall in the desert is low, it is one of the 15. Located in Boston, _____ in the United
most important climatic factors in the formation of States was founded in 1852.
desert erosion features. (A) the first public library was free
(A) Although (B) the first free public library
(B) Why (C) was the first free public library
(C) Despite (D) where the first free public library was
(D) Due to
10. A strong swimmer, _____.
(A) that fish and seal are eaten chiefly by the polar
bear
(B) the polar bear eats chiefly fish and seal
(C) the polar bear eating chiefly fish and seal
(D) eating fish and seal chiefly by the polar bear
5. Cold temperatures; short growing seasons, and 11. Flower oils are ______ of the ingredients used
heavy snows prevent ______ at high elevations. in making perfume.
(A) grow trees (A) among expensive
(B) the growth of trees (B) among the most expensive
(C) trees are growing (C) being most expensive
(D) and growth of trees (D) expensive
6. Usually, the more skilled an athlete ______ the 12. A quilt that looks ordinary ______ may become
more effortless the athlete's movements appear to a work of abstract art when it is hung on a white
be. wall.
(A) what is (A) lying on a bed
(B) that is (B) lies on a bed
(C) that it is (C) to be lying on a bed
(D) is (D) to lie on a bed
13. ______, the hummingbird gets its name from
the sound that its wings make during flight.
(A) Has a brilliant color
(B) The brilliant color
(C) Which is brilliantly colored
(D) Brilliantly colored
14. Except for the Sun, all stars are too far from the
Earth for their distances ______ in miles or
kilometers.
(A) to be conveniently measured
(B) which conveniently measured
(C) to measure conveniently
(D) conveniently measured
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