A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 1 Computer Fundamental

Computer Fundamentals

Important Topics for Computer Fundamentals M.C.Q: Computer hardware, software,

input/output devices and memory,virus ,Antivirus
Which was the most popular first-generation computer? [BB(AD-IT)-2016]
a) IBM 650 b) IBM 360
c) IBM 1130 d) IBM 2700
Ans. a
Explanation:
IBM 650 was the most popular first generation computer. The IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Data-
Processing Machine is one of IBM's early computers, and the world's first mass-produced
computer. It was announced in 1953 and in 1956 enhanced as the IBM 650 RAMAC with the
addition of up to four disk storage units. Almost 2,000 systems were produced, the last in 1962.

Generation Description
First Generation The period of first generation: 1946-1959. Vacuum tube based.
Second Generation The period of second generation: 1959-1965. Transistor based.
Third Generation The period of third generation: 1965-1971. Integrated Circuit based.
Fourth Generation The period of fourth generation: 1971-1980. VLSI microprocessor
based.
Fifth Generation The period of fifth generation: 1980-onwards. ULSI microprocessor
based.

Which one is a web browser?[BREB(AJE)-2019]

a) Google Chrome b) Mozilla Firefox c)Internet Explorer d)All
Ans.: d
Explanation:
 Google Chrome — Most common reliable
 Mozilla Firefox — 2nd most common and reliable
 Safari — Apples browser, as reliable as you see Apple to be, fairly nice
 Opera — Sort of rare, interesting features
 Other google browsers — Like chromium, test beds for future features and releases,
UAYOR (Use At Your Own Risk browsers)
 Open Source Browsers — As reliable as you can read the code to be.

2. Which one can be used for read? [BREB(AJE)-2019]

a)RAM b)ROM c)Both a & b d)none
Ans.: b

26.Which of the following terms is the most closely related to main memory? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Non-volatile b) Permanent c) Control unit d) Temporary
A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 2 Computer Fundamental
Ans. d

Which of the following terms is the most closely related to main memory? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Non-volatile b) Permanent c) Control unit d) Temporary
Ans. d
30.Which unit holds data permanently? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Input unit b) Secondary storage unit
c) Output unit d) Primary Memory unit
Ans. b
31. Locations in the main memory of a computer are called
a) Alphabets b) Words c) Data d) Characters
Ans.: b
Explanation:
Main memory refers to physical memory that is internal to the computer. The word main is used to
distinguish it from external mass storage devices such as disk drives.
32.Before a disk can be used to store data, it must be [BB(IT)2016]
a) Formatted b) Reformatted c) Addressed d) None
Ans. a
33. An electronic circuit with about 20 transistors fabricated on a silicon chip is known as
a) SSI b) MSI c) DPS d) RJE
Ans: a
Explanation:
SSI (Small-Scale Integration) A very early measurement of transistor density on a chip. SSI was
less than 100 transistors.
34.Magnetic tape can serve as-- [BB(IT)2016]
a) Secondary storage media b) Output media c) Input media d) All of them
Ans. a
A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 3 Computer Fundamental
35. Which input device is able to scan & interpret an entire page that is typed in a special
font
a) Floppy disk b) Page reader c) Paper tape punch d) Optical card readers
Ans.: b
36.Which technology is used in Compact disks? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Mechanical b)Electrical c) Electromagnetic d) Laser
Ans. d
37.Which of the following is a storage device? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Tape b)Hard Disk c) Floppy Disk d) All of them
Ans. d

3. Which of the following would most likely NOT be a symptom of a virus?

a) Existing program files and icons disappear.
b) The CD-ROM stops functioning.
c) The Web browser opens to an unusual home page.
d) Odd messages or images are displayed on the screen.
Ans.: b
Explanation:Computer Virus is totally related with the software system. The CD-ROM is a part
of hardware.
4.What's considered the 'backbone' of the World Wide Web?
a) Uniform resource locator (URL)
b) Hypertext mark-up language (HTML)
c) Hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)
d) File transfer protocol (FTP)
Ans.: c
5. A nibble is equal to: [BREB(AJE)-2019]
a)4 bits b)6 bits c)8 bits d)16 bits
Ans.: a
Explanation:

Name Equal to: Size in Bytes

Bit 1 bit 1/8
Nibble 4 bits 1/2 (rare)
Byte 8 bits 1
Kilobyte 1,024 bytes 1,024
Megabyte 1,024 kilobytes 1,048,576
Gigabyte 1,024 megabytes 1,073,741,824
Terrabyte 1,024 gigabytes 1,099,511,627,776
Petabyte 1,024 terrabytes 1,125,899,906,842,624
Exabyte 1,024 petabytes 1,152,921,504,606,846,976
A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 4 Computer Fundamental
Zettabyte 1,024 exabytes 1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424
Yottabyte 1,024 zettabytes 1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176
6.Which of the following options is suitable, if A is”10110110", B is “11100000”and C
is”10100000”? [Combined(SO-IT/ICT)-2018]
a) C=A or B b) C=~A c) C=~B d) C=A and B
Ans. d
Solution:

Inputs Truth Table Outputs for Each Gate

A B AND NAND OR NOR EX-OR EX-NOR
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0
1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1

7. 2019 in Binary is- [Combined(SO-IT/ICT)-2018]

a) 0000011111100010 b) 0000001111110011
c) 0000001111110010 d) 0000011111100011
Ans.d
Solution:

2019 2
-
1009 2
2018
-
1 504 2
1008
1 -504 252 2
0 -252 126 2
0 -126 63 2
0 -62 31 2
1 -30 15 2
1 -14 7 2
1 -6 3 2
1 -2 1
1

Result of converting:
(2019)10 = (11111100011)2
8. 11100010 has a decimal value of------- [Combined(SO-IT/ICT)-2018]
A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 5 Computer Fundamental
a) 252 b) 225 c) 226 d) 220 Ans. c
9. Multiplication of 1112 by 1012 is
a) 1100112
b) 1000112
c) 1111002
d) 0001012
Ans.: b
10.When two variables is logically compared, the logic gate that tests the equivalence is------
[Combined(SO-IT/ICT)-2018]
a) XNOR b) XOR c) AND d) NOR
Ans.: a
11. A repository for data, usually covering specific topic is
a) Database b) Data requisition c) Databank d) Data collection
Ans.: c
12.A wireless network uses .......... waves to transmit signals.
a) Mechanical b) Radio c) Sound d) Magnetic
Ans.: b
Explanation:A wireless network uses radio waves, just like cell phones, televisions and radios do.
In fact, communication across a wireless network is a lot like two-way radio communication.
13.Which of the following is the smallest size in the list? [Combined(SO-IT/ICT)-2018]
a) Zettabyte b) Gigabyte c) Petabyte d) Terabyte
Ans.b
14. Magnetic storage devices can represent binary 0 by the absence of?
a) A magnetic field b) Magnetic tape
c) Static electricity d) It cannot possible.
Ans.: b
15. The XOR of this string 01010101 with 11111111 is ---------------------- [Combined(AP)-2018]
a) 10101010 b) 00110100 c) 01010101 d) 10101001
Ans. a
16.If f is a function defined from R to R is given by f(x)=3x-5, then f-1(x) is given by ----------
[Combined(AP)-2018]
a) 1/(3x-5) b) (x+5)/3
c) does not exist since it is not a bijection d) (3x-5)/3
Ans. b
Solution:
Let, y = f(x) = 3x-5
=> 3x = y+5
⸫ x = (y+5)/3
So, f-1(x) = (x+y)/3
17.What is the binary of 68? [SBL,JBL (SO-IT/ICT)-2018]
a) 01000100 b) 10000100 c) 00100100 d) 00010100
Ans. a
A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 6 Computer Fundamental
18.Which of the following is spreadsheet software? [SBL,JBL (SO-IT/ICT)-2018]
a)Adobe Acrobat b) MS Excel c) Fox Pro d) Power Point
Ans.: b
Explanation:

Program Rows (per Columns (pe Total Cells (per Sheets Total Cells (per
sheet) r sheet) sheet) workbook)
Gnumeric 16,777,21 16,384 274,877,906,94 142,648 603,103
6 4
KSpread 32,767 32,767 1,073,676,289 130,645 953,923
LibreOffice 1,048,576 1,024 1,073,741,824 1,024 1,099,511,627,77
Calc 6.0.1 and 6
5.4.5
Lotus 1-2-3 65,536 256 16,777,216 256 4,294,967,296
Microsoft 65,536 256 16,777,216 65,531 1,099,427,741,69
Excel 2003 6
Microsoft 1,048,576 16,384 17,179,869,184 Limited Limited by
Excel 2007, by available memory
2010, 2013 and available
2016 memory
OpenOffice.or 65,536 256 16,777,216 256 4,294,967,296
g Calc 2
OpenOffice.or 65,536 1024 67,108,864 256 17,179,869,184
g Calc 3.0, 3.1
and 3.2
OpenOffice.or 1,048,576 1024 1,073,741,824 256 274,877,906,944
g Calc 3.3
Pyspread ~80 000 ~30 000 000 Limited by Limited Limited by
000 (limited by available by available memory
(limited by sum of memory available
sum of column memory
row widths)
heights)

Resolver One limited by limited by limited machine limited limited by

machine machine memory* by machine
memory* memory* machine memory*
memory
*
The sum of products expansion for the function F(x, y, z) = (x + y)–z is given as
a) –x –yz + xy–z + –x y–z
b) xyz + xy–z + x–y –z
c) x–y –z + –x –y –z + xy–z
d) x y–z + x–y –z + –x y–z
A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 7 Computer Fundamental
Ans.:d
F(x, y, z)=(x + y)z’
=xz’+yz’ Distributive law
=x1z’+1yz’ Identity law
=x(y+y’)z’+(x+x’)yz’ Unit property
=xyz’+xy’z’+xyz’+x’yz’ Distributive law
=xyz’+xy’z’+x’yz’ Idempotent law

19.Which of the following is not antivirus software? [SBL,JBL (SO-IT/ICT)-2018]

a) WinPro b)AVG c) MeAfee d)Symantec
Ans.: a
Explanation:
Among all the options, WinPro is not an antivirus software. WinPro is a powerful access control
management software which supports up to 1,024 doors. It is a class above from E.Win,
developed around the robust SQL database that supports multi-workstations.
Avast Antivirus, Norton, Mcafee, Avira, kaspersky,AVG etc
Bubble memory is a
a) Sequential access device only
b) Direct access device only
c) Combination of sequential and direct access devices
d) All of above
Ans.: c
How many numbers could ENIAC store in its internal memory? [BB(IT)2016]
a) 100 b) 20 c) 80 d) 40 Ans. b
Binary circuit elements have [BB(IT)2016]
a)One stable state b) two stable state c) Three stable state d) None of these
Ans.: b
In computer terminology a compiler means
a) a person who computes source programs
b) the same thing as a programmer
c) key punch operator
d) a program which translates source program into object program
Ans.: d
Explanation:
A compiler is a software program that transforms high-level source code that is written by a
developer in a high-level programming language into a low-level object code (binary code) in
machine language, which can be understood by the processor. The process of converting high-
level programming into machine language is known as compilation.
Interpreter: Translates program one statement at a time. No intermediate object code is
generated, hence are memory efficient.
24.Which of the following is used for manufacturing chips? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Control bus b) Control unit c) Parity unit d) Semiconductor
Ans.: d
A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 8 Computer Fundamental
25. A hand-held device for optically reading bar codes on goods, labels & shelves is:
a) Wand b) Touch tablet c) Mouse d) Light pen
Ans.: a
27. What is the name of the display feature that highlights areas of the screen which require
operator attention?
a) Pixel b) Reverse video c) Touch screen d) Cursor
Ans.: b
28. What is the name given to the molecular-scale computer?
a) Femtocomputer b) Nanocomputer c) Supercomputer d) Microcomputer
Ans.: b
29.The word length of a computer is measured in [BB(IT)2016]
a) Bytes b) Millimeters c) Meters d) Bits
Ans. d
38.Which of the following is a class of computers based on model? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Digital Computers b)Hybrid Computers
c) Analog Computers d) AT Computers Ans. d
39. A medium for transferring data between two locations is called
a) Network b) Communicationchannel c) Modem d) Bus
Ans.: b
40. A machine associated with card-based data processing is
a) Codomain b) Collator c) Cartridge d) Digitizer
Ans.: b
41.Central Processing Unit is combination of [BB(IT)2016]
a) Control Storage b) Control and output unit
c) Arithmetic Logic and Input Unit d) Arithmetic logic and control unit
Ans. d
42.What does the disk drive of computer do? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Rotate the Disk b) Read the disk
c) Load a program from the disk into the memory d) Both B and C
Ans. d
43. Which of the following is Not a characteristic of E-mail?
a) Low cost b) Record maintenance in database c) High speed d) Wastereduction
Ans.: b
Explanation:
Characteristics/advantages of Email:
Cheap - sending an email costs the same regardless of distance and the number of people you
send it to
Fast - an email should reach its recipient in minutes, or at the most within a few hours
Convenient - your message will be stored until the recipient is ready to read it, and you can
easily send the same message to a large number of people
Permanent - you can keep a record of messages and replies, including details of when a message
was received
A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 9 Computer Fundamental
44.Which of the following produces the best quality graphics reproduction? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Laser printer b)InkJet printer c) Plotter d) Dot matrix printer
Ans. c
45.What type of device is computer keyboard? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Memory b)Output c) Storage d) Input
Ans.d

Explanation:

Input/Output devices list:

Input Output Both

 Graphics Tablets  LCD Projection Panels  Touch Screen
 Video Capture Hardware  Monitor (LED, LCD, CRT  Modems
etc)
 Trackballs  Network cards
 Printers (all types)
 Barcode reader  Audio Cards / Sound Card
 Plotters
 Digital camera  Headsets (Headset consists
 Microfiche of Speakers and
 MIDI keyboard Microphone.
 Projector
 Gamepad  Speaker act Output Device
 Head Phone and Microphone act as
 Joystick
 Computer Output Input device
 Keyboard Microfilm (COM)  Facsimile (FAX)
 Cameras  Speaker(s)
 Microphone  Visual Display Unit
 Mouse (pointing device)  Film Recorder
 Scanner
 Webcam
 Touchpad’s
 Microphone
 Electronic Whiteboard
 OMR
 OCR
 Pen Input
A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 10 Computer Fundamental
 Punch card reader

 MICR (Magnetic Ink

character reader)
 Magnetic Tape Drive

46.Which of the following is not true? [BB(IT)2016]

a) Transistors Are Much Smaller
b) Transistors produce low heat
c) Transistors Were Less Reliable
d) Transistors were used in radios and other electronic devices
Ans.c
47. WQHD abbreviation:
a) Wide Quick Highest Definition
b) Wide Quad Highest Definition
c) Wide Quad High Definition
d) Wide Quick High Definition
Ans.: c
48. What is the resolution of WQHD display?
a) 1140p b) 1440p c) 1404p d) 1040p
Ans.: b
Explanation:
1440p is also called QHD (quad high definition) or WQHD (wide quad high definition) and is a
display resolution that measures 2560 x 1440 pixels. This resolution is also commonly referred to
as 2K.
49.Typical data transfer rates in LAN are of the order of [BB(IT)2016]
a) Bits Per Sec b)Kilobits Per Sec c) Megabits per sec d) None of them
Ans.c
50.Which was the most popular first-generation computer? [BB(IT)2016]
a) IBM 1650 b)IBM 360 c) IBM 1130 d) IBM 2700
Ans.: a
51. VDU is also called .......
a) Screen b) Monitor c) Both A and B d) Printer
Ans.: c
Explanation:
VDU. Stands for "Visual Display Unit" A VDU displays images generated by a computer or
other electronic device. The term VDU is often used synonymously with "monitor," but it can
also refer to another type of display, such as a digital projector.
52. A technique that enables light field which is generally the product of a light sourcescattered
off objects:
a) AES b) Holography c) Cryptography d) Gyrography
A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 11 Computer Fundamental
Ans.: b
Explanation:
Holography enables a light field. It is to be recorded and later reconstructed when the original
light field is no longer present.
53.The computer code of the interchange of information between terminals is-- [BB(IT)2016]
a) ASCII b)BCD c) EBCDIC d) All of them
Ans.: a
Explanation:
ASCII:ASCII is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. The characters encoded
are number 0-9, a-z, A-Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes.
BCD:BCD stands for Binary Coded Decimal. It is represented by a 4-bit number and four bits we can
represent sixteen numbers (0000 to 1111). But in BCD code only first ten of these are used (0000 to
1001).
EBCDIC:EBCDIC stands for Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange Code. It has 8-bit code. It
was used by IBM mainframes computers.
Unicode:Unicode is a standard for representing the characters of all the languages of the world,
including Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. Unicode used 16-bits per character to represent 65,536(216)
unique characters.
54.Which of the following is internal memory? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Disks b)Pen Drives c) RAM d)CDs
Ans.: c
55.Which of the following memories needs refreshing? [BB(IT)2016]
a) SRAM b)DRAM c) ROM d) All of them
Ans.: b
Explanation
DRAM stands for Dynamic RAM, and it is the most common type of RAM used in computers.
The oldest type is known as single data rate (SDR) DRAM, but newer computers use faster dual
data rate (DDR) DRAM. DDR comes in several versions including DDR2, DDR3, DDR4 and
DDR5 which offer better performance and are more energy efficient than DDR. However
different versions are incompatible, so it is not possible to mix DDR2 with DDR3 DRAM in a
computer system. DRAM consists of a transistor and a capacitor in each cell.

KEY POINTS ON COMPUTER MEMORY:

 Computer memory is of two basic type – Primary memory/Volatile memory and

Secondary memory/non-volatile memory. Random Access Memory (RAM) is volatile
memory and Read Only Memory (ROM) is non-volatile memory.
 RAM is further classified into two types- SRAMand DRAM.
 ROM is further classified into 4 types- ROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM.
 Only portions of the chip can be erased in EEPROM.

Some Practice Questions for M.C.Q:

 What are the basic units of data measurement?
Bit, Nibble, Byte, Word.
A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 12 Computer Fundamental
 Who are the popular manufacturers of motherboards?
Intel, ASUS, AOpen, ABIT, Biostar, Gigabyte, MSI.
 Write down some important types of ports.
Serial Port, Parallel Port, PS/2 Port, USB, VGA, Power Connector, Fireware Port, Modem Port,
Ethernet Port, Game Port, Digital Video Interface (DVI) Port, Socket.
 What are the basic steps of data processing cycle?
Input, Processing and Output.
 What is Intranet?
Intranet is the system in which multiple PCs are connected to each other. PCs in intranet are not
available to the world outside the intranet. Usually each organization has its own Intranet network
and members/employees of that organization can access the computers in their intranet.Each
computer in Intranet is also identified by an IP Address which is unique among the computers in
that Intranet.

 Define the types of computer with details.

Type Specifications
PC (Personal It is a single user computer system having moderately powerful
Computer) microprocessor
Workstation It is also a single user computer system, similar to personal computer
however has a more powerful microprocessor.
Mini-Computer It is a multi-user computer system, capable of supporting hundreds of users
simultaneously.
Main Frame It is a multi-user computer system, capable of supporting hundreds of users
simultaneously. Software technology is different from minicomputer.
Supercomputer It is an extremely fast computer, which can execute hundreds of millions of
instructions per second.

 Classify the keys of keyboard.

Name Description
Typing Keys These keys include the letter keys (A-Z) and digit keys (09) which
generally give the same layout as that of typewriters.
Numeric Keypad It is used to enter the numeric data or cursor movement. Generally, it
consists of a set of 17 keys that are laid out in the same configuration used
by most adding machines and calculators.
Function Keys The twelve function keys are present on the keyboard which are arranged in
a row at the top of the keyboard. Each function key has a unique meaning
and is used for some specific purpose.
Control keys These keys provide cursor and screen control. It includes four directional
arrow keys. Control keys also include Home, End, Insert, Delete, Page Up,
Page Down, Control(Ctrl), Alternate(Alt), Escape(Esc).
Special Purpose Keyboard also contains some special purpose keys such as Enter, Shift,
Keys Caps Lock, Num Lock, Space bar, Tab, and Print Screen.

 What is monitor? How many types of monitor exist?

A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 13 Computer Fundamental
Monitors, commonly called as Visual Display Unit (VDU), are the main output device of a
computer.
There are two kinds of viewing screen used for monitors.
 Cathode-Ray Tube (CRT)
 Flat-Panel Display (LCD, LED)
 Which is the high-quality printer?
Inkjet Printers.
 Define Cache Memory.
Cache memory is a very high-speed semiconductor memory which can speed up the CPU. It acts
as a buffer between the CPU and the main memory. It is used to hold those parts of data and
program which are most frequently used by the CPU.
 How many bits are represented at IPV6 address?
128 bits.
RAM
1. Random Access Memory
2. Volatile (maintains its data while the device is powered)
3. Stores information temporary
4. Requires flow of electricity to retain data
5. Large size with higher capacity
6. Used for both read and write
7. Costlier
8. Very fast but uses a lot of power
9. Used in CPU cache, primary memory
ROM
1. Read only Memory
2. Non-Volatile (does not lose content when power is lost)
3. Stores information permanently
4. Does not require flow of electricity to retain data
5. Small size with less capacity
6. Used only for reading
7. Cheaper than RAM
8. Fast but uses very little power
9. Used in firmware, microcontrollers

 What is SSD?
An SSD (solid-state drive) is a type of nonvolatile storage media that stores persistent data on
solid-state flash memory. Two key components make up an SSD: a flash controller and NAND
flash memory chips. The architectural configuration of the SSD controller is optimized to deliver
high read and write performance for both sequential and random data requests. SSDs are
sometimes referred to as flash drives or solid-state disks.

Previous year questions:

A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 14 Computer Fundamental

Which one is a Web Browser? [BREB(AJE)-2019]

a)Google Chrome b)Mozilla Firefox c)Internet Explorer d)All Ans.d
Which one can be used for read? [BREB(AJE)-2019]
a)RAM b)ROM c)Both a & b d)none Ans.
A nibble is equal to: [BREB(AJE)-2019]
a)4 bits b)6 bits c)8 bits d)16 bits Ans.a
Which of the following options is suitable, if A is”10110110", B is “11100000”and C
is”10100000” ? [Combined(SO-IT/ICT)-2018]
a) C=A or B b) C=~A c) C=~B d) C=A and B Ans. d
2019 in Binary is------------------------------- [Combined(SO-IT/ICT)-2018]
a) 0000011111100010 b) 0000001111110011
c) 0000001111110010 d) 0000011111100011 Ans.d
11100010 has a decimal value of---------------------------- [Combined(SO-IT/ICT)-2018]
a) 252 b) 225 c) 226 d) 220 Ans. c
When two variables is logically compared, the logic gate that tests the equivalence is----
-- [Combined(SO-IT/ICT)-2018]
a) XNOR b) XOR c) AND d) NOR Ans.a
Which of the following is the smallest size in the list? [Combined(SO-IT/ICT)-2018]
a) Zettabyte b) Gigabyte c) Petabyte d) Terabyte Ans.b
The Ex-OR of this string 01010101 with 11111111 is ---------------------- [Combined(AP)-2018]
a) 10101010 b) 00110100 c) 01010101 d) 10101001 Ans. a
12. If f is a function defined from R to R is given by f(x)=3x-5, then f-1 (x) is given by --------
-- [Combined(AP)-2018]
a) 1/(3x-5) b) (x+5)/3
c) does not exist since it is not a bijection d) (3x-5)/3 Ans. b

1. What is the binary of 68? [SBL,JBL (SO-IT/ICT)-2018]

a) 01000100 b) 10000100 c) 00100100 d) 00010100 Ans. a

1. Which of the following is spreadsheet software? [SBL,JBL (SO-IT/ICT)-2018]

a) Adobe Acrobat b) MS Excel c) Fax Pro d) Power Point Ans. b

1. Which of the following is not antivirus software? [SBL,JBL (SO-IT/ICT)-2018]
a) Win-pro b)AVG c) MeAfee d) Symantec Ans. a
1. 1(one) nibble equal to-- [SBL,JBL (SO-IT/ICT)-2018]
1 bit b) 2 bit c) 4 bit d) 8bit Ans. c

1. How many numbers could ENIAC store in its internal memory? [BB(IT)2016]

a) 100 b) 20 c) 80 c) 40 Ans. b
A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 15 Computer Fundamental
1. Binary circuit elements have [BB(IT)2016]
a) One stable state b) two stable state c) Three stable state d) None of these Ans.b
1. Which of the following is used for manufacturing chips? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Control bus b) Control unit c) Parity unit d) Semiconductor Ans. d
1. Which of the following terms is the most closely related to main memory? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Non-volatile b) Permanent c) Control unit d) Temporary Ans. d
1. The word length of a computer is measured in [BB(IT)2016]
a) Bytes b) Millimeters c) Meters d) Bits Ans. d
1. Which unit holds data permanently? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Input unit b)Secondary storage unit
c) Output unit d) Primary Memory unit Ans. b
1. Before a disk can be used to store data, it must be [BB(IT)2016]
a) Formatted b) Reformatted c) Addressed c) None Ans. a
1. Magnetic tape can serve as-- [BB(IT)2016]
a) Secondary storage media b) Output media c) Input media d) All of them Ans.
a
1. Which technology is used in Compact disks? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Mechanical b)Electrical c) Electromagnetic d) Laser Ans. d
1. Which of the following is a storage device? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Tape b)Hard Disk c) Floppy Disk d) All of them Ans. d
1. Which of the following is a class of computers based on model? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Digital Computers b)Hybrid Computers
c) Analog Computers d) AT Computers Ans. d
1. Central Processing Unit is combination of [BB(IT)2016]
a) Control Storage b) Control and output unit
c) Arithmetic Logic And Input Unit d) Arithmetic logic and control unit Ans. d
1. What does the disk drive of computer do? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Rotate The Disk b) Read the disk
c) Load a program from the disk into the memory d) Both B and C Ans. d
1. Which of the following produces the best quality graphics reproduction? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Laser printer b)InkJet printer c) Plotter d) Dot matrix printer Ans. c
2. What type of device is computer keyboard? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Memory b)Output c) Storage d) Input Ans.d
3. Which of the following is not true? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Transistors Are Much Smaller
b) Transistors produce low heat
c) Transistors Were Less Reliable
d) Transistors were used in radios and other electronic devices Ans.c
4. Typical data transfer rates in LAN are of the order of [BB(IT)2016]
a) Bits Per Sec b)Kilobits Per Sec c) Megabits per sec d) None of them Ans.c
5. Which was the most popular first-generation computer? [BB(IT)2016]
a) IBM 1650 b)IBM 360 c) IBM 1130 d) IBM 2700 Ans.a
A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 16 Computer Fundamental
6. The computer code of the interchange of information between terminals is--
[BB(IT)2016]
a) ASCII b)BCD c) EBCDIC d) All of them Ans.a
7. Which of the following is internal memory? [BB(IT)2016]
a) Disks b)Pen Drives c) RAM d)CDs Ans.c
8. Which of the following memories needs refreshing? [BB(IT)2016]
a) SRAM b)DRAM c) ROM d) All of them Ans.b

The aspect ratio of an image is defined as

(a) The ratio of width to its height measured in
unit length.
(b) The ratio of height to width measured in
number of pixels.
(c) The ratio of depth to width measured in unit
length.
(d) The ratio of width to depth measured in number
of pixels

Ans .: a
The aspect ration of an image describes the proportional relationship between its width
and its height. It is commonly expressed as two numbers separated by a color, as in
16:9

Which of the following operating system is better for implementing client – server
network?
a) Windows 95 b) Windows 98 c) Windows 2000 d) All the above

TYPES OF SOFTWARE
Athough, the range of software available today is vast and varied, most software can be divided
into two major
categories
1. S, stem software, and
2. Application software
A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 17 Computer Fundamental
System Software
System software is a set of one or more programs, designed to control the operation and extend
the processing
capability of a computer system. In general, a computer's system software performs one or more
of the following
functions:
1. Supports the development of other application software.
2. Supports the execution of other application software.
3. Monitors the effective use of various hardware resources, such as CPU, memory, peripherals,
etc.
4.
Communicates with and controls the operation of peripheral devices, such as printer, disk, tape,
etc.
Hence, system software makes the operation of a computer system more effective and efficient. It
helps the
nardware components work together, and provides support for the development and execution of
application

Computer Fundame
software (programs). The programs included in a system software package are called sysfem
programs, snd t
programmers who prepare system software are referred to as system programmers.
Some of the most commonly known types of syslem software are:
1. Operating Systems. Every computer has an operating system software, which takes care of the
effective and efficient utilization of all the hardware and software components of the compu
system. Operating system has been discussed in Chapter 14.
2 Programming Language Translators. Programming language translators are system sof
which transform the instructions prepared by programmers in a programming language, into a
which can be interpreted and exccuted by a computer system. Prograniming language transla
have been discussed in O nter 12.
Communications Software. In a network environment (where multiple computers are interconnert
together by communications network), communications software enables transfer of data
programs from one computer system to another. Communications software has been described
Chapters 17 and 18.
4. Utility Programs. Utility programs (also known as utililies) are a set of programs, which help
users
in system maintenance tasks, and in performing tasks of routine nature. Some of the tasks
commonly
performed by utility programs include formatting of hard disks or floppy disks, taking backup of
files
stored on hard disk on to a tape or floppy disk, sorting of the records stored in a file in a particular
order based on some key field(s); ctc.
Application Software
Application sofiware is a set of one or more programs, designed to solve a specific problem, or do
a specific task.
A Short Guide to Preliminary Exam 18 Computer Fundamental
For example, an application software for payroll processing produces pay slips as the major
output, and an
application software for processing examination results produces mark sheets as the major output
along with some
other statistical reports. Similarly, a program written by a scientist to solve his/her particular
research problem is
also an application software. The programs included in an application software package are called
application
programs, and the programmers who prepare application software are referred to as application
programmers.
There are literally millions of application software available for a wide range of applications,
ranging from simple
applications, such as word proćessing, inventory management, preparation of tax returns,
banking, hospital
administration, insurance, publishing, to complex scientific and engineering applications, uch as
weather
forecasting, space shutle launching, oil and natural gas exploration, design of complex structures
like aircrafts,
ships, bridges, sky-rise buildings, etc. With so many applications available, it is not possible to
categorize them
all, and to cover them here. Some of the most commonly known application software are:
1. Word-Process.ng Software. A word-processing software enables us to make use of a computer
system for creating, editing, viewing, formatting, storing, retrieving and printing documents
(written
material, such as letters, reports, books, etc.). This software has been discussed in Chapter 15.
2. Spreadsheet Software. A spreadsheet software is a numeric data analysis tool, which allows us
to
create a kind of computerized ledger. A manual ledger is a book having rows and columns, which
accountants use for keeping a record of financial transactions, and for preparing financial
statements.
This software has been discussed in Chapter 15.
Database software. A datubase is a collection of related data stored and treated as a unit for
information retrieval purposes. A database software is a set of one or more programs, which
enable
us to create a database, maintain it (add, delete and update its records), organize its data in desircd