Earthquake Engineering

CE 6506

Assignment
One

By
Tsegay Abreha
Adama university
ID: 03040037
2) Given data: B=8m
K1
K4
M=20000Kg

K1=k2=k3=300KN/m
K3 K2 Apply Uθ=1;ux=uy=0
K4=1.167k
Formulate Stiffens matrix
k cb  k 1  k 2  6 0 0
k ad  k 3  k 4  6 5 0
k ab  k 4  k 1  6 5 0
k cd  k 3  k 2  6 0 0
4

i 1
ki  1250

Apply ux=1,uy=uθ=0

kb kb
k x   1 .1 7   kb  200
2 2
kb kb
k y  1 .1 7   kb  200
2 2
b n b
k  
2 i1
ki
2
 40000

 k xx k xy k x   4.167 0 0.666 
4  K    k yx k yy
 
k y   k  0 4.167 0.666 
By statics k xx  k
i 1
i  1250 ,  k x
 k y k   0.666 0.666 133.33 
 
k yx  0 Mass matrix

b b
k x   k4  k3    k2  k1   200
2 2
Appling uy=1,ux=uθ=0

k xy  0
4
k yy   ki  1250
i 1

kb kb
k x  1.17   kb  200
2 2
 1
0.015
1

Hence mass matrix will be

 m11 m12 m13  1  g) Modal expansion of effective
earthquake forces
 M   m  m21 m22  
m23   m  1 
 Ground motion in the y-direction only
m m33   2
 31 m32  r  h
N

where L n  mj jyn

j 1
2 I 1 b 2  b2 b 2
r  o  m   10.6666
m m 12 6 N N N
2 2 2 2
natural vibration periods and modes Mn  mj jxn  mj jyn  r m   j j n
Using Eigen value method j 1 j1 j1
det k   2m  0
k
1  3.54  13.695rad / sec Lh n
m  n 
k
M n
2  3  2.04  7.9rad / sec
m
the, corosponding , eign, mod es Lh1  m *  0.08   m *  0.08   m * 1  1.16m
 0.08 1 1  2 2
M 1  m *  0.08   m *  0.08   10.7 m * 1  10.71m
2

    0.08 1 1  1.16m
 1 0 0.015  1 
 10.71m
 0.11
Lh 2  m * 1  m *   1  m *  0   0m
st
1 mode 2 2 2
M 2  m * 1  m *  1  10.7 m *  0   2 m
0.08
=1 0m
0.08 2  0
2m
Lh 3  m * 1  m * 1  m *  0.015   1.985m
2 2 2
1 M 3  m * 1  m * 1  10.7 m *  0.015   1.998m
1.985m
=1 3   0.994
1.998m
2nd mode

S jn   n m j  jn
 1 0 0  0.08  0.009m  h) displacement uy and rotation uθ of the
   
s1  0.11m  0 1 0  0.08   0.009m  slab,
0 base shear Vb and the base torque Tb
 0 10.7  1  1.17m 
1 0 0  1  0 
   
S2  0m  0 1 0   1  0 
0 0 10.7  0  0 

1 0 0  1  0.994m 
     
S3  0.994m  0 1 0  1   0.994m 
 0 0 10.7  0.015   0.16m 
    

Io + m

From the chart above for soil class-B

i=1.5/T<2.5
0.009m The spectral acceleration is
Ai=0.5gi
0.009m
+ Spectral displacement
1.17m
Di=Ai/i2
 Tn  Ai Di
13.695 0.458562 2.5 12.2625 0.065382
+
7.9 0.794937 1.886943 9.255454 0.148301
0 7.9 0.794937 1.886943 9.255454 0.148301
+ Modal translational and rotational
displacement Ui=Si*Di
Base shear Vb=Si*Ai
Bending & base torque Tb=Vb*Sn
Mode one S1= m(0.009,0.009,1.17)T
+ Therisalts are tabulated billow
mode uy(m) uθ(rad) Vbx(KN) Vby(KN) Tb(KNm)
1 5E-05 20.63 0.1104 0.11036 14.34713
0.994m 2 0 0 0 0 0
3 -0.016 -0.93 9.1999 9.19992 -1.48087
+ 0.994m  0.016 20.59 9.2074 9.20735 14.33265

0.16m
 Using similar methods for other responses(CQC)
I= Using appropriate modal combination rule of
the three methods uy uθ vbx vby Tb
ABSSUM 0.01487 0.0475 12.29684 9.2814 49.239
n
SRSS 0.01474 0.0336 12.19 9.2 43.71
1.ABSSUM: ri  r i 1
in ....Absolute sum
CQC 0.01475 0.0341 12.1926 9.203 43.543

2. SRSS (the square-root-of-sum-of squares).

j) Which modal combination is selected? Why?
n 0.5
 
ri    rin 2  The ABSSUM is highly conservative than SRSS and
 i 1  CQC that’s why we should not use in structural
designs as well. In addition to this for farther apart
3. CQC (complete quadratic combination).
in natural frequency that is fore small damping ratio
1 does not consider. but for both SRSS and CQC have
N N
 2 almost the same result as of the response history
ri  

  in * rij *rin 

i 1 n  1 analysis. Therefore, ARSS and CQC is preferable than
ABSSUM.
ρin correlation coefficient

3
8 1   in  *  in
2 2
 in  2
1     4 * 
in
2 2
*  in * 1  in  2) The same slab shown in Fig. 2 is
subjected to artificial EQ ground motion
history
in= (modal combination) derived from the design spectrum of EBCS
8, 1995 scaled to 0.5g. Using the
RHA calculate the response history and
mode(i) i n=1 n=2 n=3 peak values of displacement and base
1 13.695 1 1.733544 1.733544 shear in the x- and y-direction, base
2 7.9 0.576853 1 1 overturning torque
3 7.9 0.576853 1 1
coefficients
ρin (correlation coefficient)   
A  e   n  t  sin  D  t  cos  D  t 
 1 2 
 
mode(i) i n=1 n=2 n=3  1
B  e   n  t  sin  D  t 


1 13.695 1 0.030469 0.030469  D 

2 7.9 0.029394 1 1 1  2    n  t
  1  2 2    2   
C   e    sin  D  t   1   cos  D  t  
k   n t    D  t 1 2 
  nt   
3 7.9 0.029394 1 1 
2
1  2  2  1 2  
CQC individual & total responses D 1 
n  t
 e   n  t  sin  D  t  cos  D  t  
k   Dt Dt  
  
displacment in the y-direction A '   e   n  t  n
 1 2
sin  D  t 

 
mode(i) n=1 n=2 n=3 uy  

B '  e   n  t  cos  D  t  sin  D  t 
1 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 
 1 2 

   
2 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 C' 
1 1
 e   n  t  
 n

 
 sin  D  t 
1
cos  D  t  
3 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.147 k  t
   1   2  t 1   2 
  t  

SUM 0.000 0.000 0.022 0.147 D'

1 
   t
 2  
sin  D  t  cos  D  t  
1  e n  
k t  1
2
  
 Dynamic Properties Coefficients
Tn 0.7948 A 0.997 A' -0.62
st
1 –mode ωn 7.9049 B 0.01 B' 0.989
ωD 7.895 C 3E-05 C' 0.015
sin(ωDdt) = 0.13642 ζ 0.05 D 2E-05 D' 0.005
Cos(ωDdt)= 0.990651 ∆t=0.01
√(1-ζ2) = 0.998749 Spectral Ordinates
e
-ζωndt
= 0.993173 Tn(sec)=0.79
2ζ2-1 = -0.995 Do= 0.41
2ζ/ωndt = 0.72983 Ao(g)= 2.592
1/ωn2 = 0.005327

5 0.41

RHA for 1st mode 0

Dynamic Properties Coefficients 0 5 10 15
Tn 0.459 A 0.99067 A' -1.85877 -5
U~mode 2
ωn 13.702 B 0.00990 B' 0.977105
ωD 13.685 C 0.00003 C' 0.014869
ζ 0.050 D 0.00002 D' 0.004969
for 3rd mod
∆t=0.01sec
sin(ωDdt)= 0.078868
Tn=0.4586sec
Do=0.1927mm Cos(ωDdt)= 0.996885
2
√(1-ζ ) = 0.998749
Ao(g)=3.69 -ζωndt =
e 0.996055
2
2ζ -1 = -0.995
0.30 2ζ/ωndt = 1.265039
0.20 0.193 1/ωn2 =
0.016003
0.10 Dynamic Properties Coefficients
0.00 Tn 0.79484756 A 0.99689 A' -0.62176211
ωn 7.90489347 B 0.00995 B' 0.98901994
0.10 0 5 10 15
ωD 7.89500617 C 3.3E-05 C' 0.01491196
0.20
ζ 0.05 D 1.7E-05 D' 0.00498426
u Vs T mode -1
Spectral Ordinates
∆t 0.01
2nd mode Tn(sec)=0.795 0.795
Do(mm) 0.41
sin(ωD∆t)= 0.078868
0.50
Cos(ωD∆t)= 0.996885 0.41
mode3 u vs T
√(1-ζ2) = 0.998749
e
-ζωn∆ t
= 0.00
0.996055
2 0 5 10 15
2ζ -1= -0.995
2ζ/ωn∆t = 1.265039 0.50
2
1/ωn = 0.016003

From the u1 Vs time graph the peak displacement

D1t=0.193mm 3. Compare the results obtained from the
RSA and RHA and comment
D2t=0.41mm
uy(m) uθ(m) Vbx(KN) Vby(KN) Tb(KNm)
D3t=0.40mm
RSA,Total 0.149 -0.047 12.3 30.92 37.39
Response
The modal displacement be
RHA,Total 0.409 0.0152 25.725 25.725 38.23
Response
ux 
Difference
  46.59 51.12 35.3 9.17 1.11
ui  u y   i i  Dit (%)
u 
  The total responses from the RSA and RHA are presented again here.
We can observe from the comparison that there is a large difference in
0.08 0.0017
the total responses. Specially, for uy & u the difference was observed
u1=0.11 0.08 *0.193= 0.0017 to be above 40%. This is due to:
1 0.0212
 lack of conformance between the response spectrum curve
1 0
is partly due to the non - smoothness of the spectrum curve
u2=0 −1 *0.41= 0
prepared just for one ground motion.
0 0
1 0.4075  The RHA is carried out for a single ground motion while the
smooth
u3=0.994 1 *0.41= 0.4075
design spectrum was prepared for many ground motions and the
−0.015 −0.006
mean values were considered.
the total displacement be

uxt=ux=0.0017+0+0.4075=0.4092

uyt=uy=0.0017+0+0.4075=0.4092

uθt=uθ=0.0212+0-0.006=0.0152

A1t=12*D1=36.19rad/sec2

A2t=22*D2=25.588rad/sec2

A3t=32*D3=25.88rad/sec2

Base shear Vb=Sin*An

Torsional response

Tb=Sθn*Ant

uy(m) uθ(m) Vbx(KN) Vby(KN) Tb(KNm)

0.0017 0.0212 0.325 0.325 42.32
0.00 0.000 0 0.000 0.000
0.4075 -0.006 25.40 25.40 -4.09

=0.409 0.0152 25.725 25.725 38.23