SCIENCE 7

Learning Module 6 in Science 7

The Miracles of Solutions

What is this module about?

Have you ever tried mixing different substances which formed a type of mixture that looks like
pure substances? This kind of mixture is called a solution. Solutions can be found anywhere. They are used
in everyday activities. Solutions are important in the study of the material reactions and these are where
changes usually occur.
In this lesson, you will learn the different types of solutions and their properties.
Lesson 1: Types of Solutions
Lesson 2: Properties of Solutions

What do you need to learn?

 Investigate the properties of unsaturated or saturated solutions.

Pre-test
Before we proceed with the lesson, let us test your prior knowledge about the topic in this
module. Read the directions carefully and answer the test below.
Multiple Choice
Directions: Read the following questions carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is insoluble in water?
a. ethyl alcohol c. nail polish
b. milk d. vinegar
2. Which is an example of a liquid-liquid solution?
a. 14- karat gold c. fish sauce in water
b. sugar in water d. carbon dioxide in water
3. Which refers to the ability of a solute to be dissolved in a given amount of solvent?
a. insoluble c. saturation
b. miscibility d. solubility
4. Oxygen is a gaseous substance slightly soluble in water. If the temperature of the water is decreased,
what will happen to the solubility of oxygen?
a. It will increase. c. It will remain unchanged.
b. It will decrease. d. It will increase then decrease.
5. Which of the following does not affect the solubility of a solute?
a. nature of solute or solvent c. pressure
b. temperature d. speed
Refer to the Answer Key found on the last page of this module to check your answers.

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 Lesson 1: Types of Solutions
The term ―solution‖ is used in Chemistry to describe a system in which one or more substances are
homogeneously mixed or dissolved in another substance. From the three states of matter—solid, liquid, and
gas—it is possible to have nine different types of solutions.
Copy the Learning Activity Sheet and accomplish the activity on a separate paper.

LAS # 6.1
Activity Title: Types of Solution
Learning Target/Competency: The learner will describe the different types of solutions.
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learner will become a critical thinker.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Padolina, et al., Conceptual and Functional Chemistry, Pages 205-211; P.
Galos and M.V.Carpio-Bernido, CVIF Learning Activities

I. Concept Notes
A solution is a homogeneous mixture made of particles that exist as individual molecules or ions.
Each of the substances in a solution is referred to as a component of that solution. The components
of a solution are the solute and solvent. A solute is a substance being dissolved. The medium in which the
solute is dissolved is called the solvent. The solvent is usually the component of greater quantity than the
solute.
Solubility is the term used to describe the maximum amount of solute that a given solvent can
dissolve to give a stable, equilibrium solution at a given temperature.
II. Examples
Types of Solutions
Type Component Example
Solute Solvent
Gaseous Gas Gas Air, moist air, water vapor in the air
Liquid Liquid Liquid Vinegar, alcohol
Solid Liquid Seawater, brine
Gas Liquid Soft drinks
Solid Liquid Solid Dental amalgam
Gas Solid Steel, bronze

III. Exercises
Directions: Read Lesson 4.2 on pages 73-75 (1st ed.) or pages 72-74 (2nd ed.) of your book and answer the
question:
What are the different factors that can affect solubility? Explain.

Lesson 2: Concentration of Solutions

It is important to understand the methods of expressing concentration and to know how to
prepare solutions of particular concentrations because reactions often take place in a solution.
Copy the Learning Activity Sheet and accomplish the activity on a separate paper.

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 LAS # 6.2
Activity Title: Concentration of a Solution
Learning Target/Competency: The learner will investigate properties of unsaturated and saturated
solutions.
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learner will acknowledge the importance and uses of solutions in daily
life.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Grade 7 Exploring Life Through Science – Laboratory Manual, Pages 78-79;
Q1 Module 1 Grade 7: Science Matter Pages 8-9
I. Concept Notes
The concentration of a solution expresses the amount of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solvent
or solution.
Solutions can be diluted or concentrated (expressing the amount of solute present). The diluted
solution contains a relatively small amount of dissolved solute. Conversely, the concentrated solution
contains a relatively large amount of dissolved solute.

Saturated solution – contains the maximum amount of dissolved solute.

Unsaturated solution – contains less than the maximum amount of solute.
Supersaturated solution – contains more than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved under
existing conditions.

II. Examples / Illustration

III. Experiment: (No need to copy the materials and procedures.)

Materials Needed
7 teaspoons sugar 7 teaspoons powdered juice (any flavor)
7 teaspoons salt 4 transparent bottles or beakers
1 measuring cup (½ cup capacity) 1 measuring cup (1cup capacity)
3 measuring spoons for each of the following: ½ tsp, 1 tsp
10 cups of water

Procedure
1. Label each transparent bottles or beakers to identify the sample and its amount. For example, ½
teaspoon sugar, 1 teaspoon sugar, 2 teaspoons sugar, and 3 teaspoons sugar.
2. Mix ½ teaspoon of sugar with ½ cup water in a transparent bottle or beaker.
Use the teaspoon to dissolve as much of the sample as possible.
3. Repeat step 2 using 1, 2, and 3 teaspoons of sugar for the remaining bottles or beakers.
4. Use the Data Table below to record your observations.
5. Clean the bottles or beakers. Repeat the experiment using salt and powdered juice.

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Data Table
Sample Dissolves in ½ cup of water
(completely, partially or not at all)
Sample
½ teaspoon 1 teaspoon 2 teaspoons 3 teaspoons
Sugar
Salt
Powdered juice
Q1. How much sugar dissolves completely in ½ cup of water?
Q2. How much salt dissolves completely in ½ cup of water?
Q3. How much powdered juice dissolves completely in ½ cup of water?
Q4. Based on your answers to questions (1) to (3), which among the three samples is the most
soluble (the one with the greatest amount of solid that dissolves completely) in ½ cup of
water?
In which container(s) did you observe excess solid which did not dissolve?
Is there any container where all solids dissolved? Which container is this?
Conclusion
What are the properties of a saturated solution?
What are the properties of an unsaturated solution?

Lesson 3: Physical Properties of Solutions

The physical properties of the resulting solution are different from the pure solute and pure
solvent when a solute is dissolved in a solvent.
Copy the Learning Activity Sheet and accomplish the activity on a separate paper.

LAS # 6.3
Activity Title: Physical Properties of Solutions
Learning Target/Competency: The learner will investigate the properties of solutions.
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learner will become a critical thinker.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Exploring Life Through Science 7, Pages : 80-83

I. Concept Notes:
Physical Properties of Solutions:
A. Conductivity
Electricity is the flow of electrons through a substance known as a conductor.
Electrolytes- are compounds whose aqueous solutions conduct electricity.
a. Strong electrolytes- are good conductors of electricity.
b. Weak electrolytes- are poor conductors of electricity.
Non-electrolytes- are compounds whose aqueous solutions cannot conduct electricity.
B. Colligative Properties
These refer to the physical properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles in a
solution, but not on the identity property of the solute particles.
1. Lowering of vapor pressure
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 A non-volatile solute is a substance that does not evaporate.
2. Boiling point elevation
The boiling point of a solution will be greater than the boiling point of the pure solvent.
3. Freezing point depression
The freezing point of a solution is lower than that of the pure solvent.
4. Osmotic pressure elevation
The osmotic pressure of a solution is the difference between the solution and the pure
liquid solvent when the two are in equilibrium across a semipermeable membrane.
II. Exercises
Directions: Read Lesson 4.2 on pages 80-85 of your book and answer the question:
What are the pieces of evidence on the physical properties of solutions? Explain your answer.

Copy the Learning Activity Sheet and accomplish the activity on a separate paper.

LAS # 6.4
Activity Title: Solubility Issues
Learning Target/Competency: The learner will investigate the properties of solutions.
Values/Graduate Attributes: The learner will become a critical thinker.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Exploring Life Through Science 7, Pages : 80-83

Objectives:
 Observe and explain how the nature of solute and solvent, pressure, and temperature affect
solubility
 Investigate the properties of solutions
(No need to copy the materials and procedures.)
Ask for adult supervision in doing the activity since you will be using hot water and candle.
Materials:
 clear glasses of water ● 2 bottles of carbonated soft drinks (100 mL)
 table salt crystals (NaCl) ● teaspoon
 water (hot and cold) ● ice
Procedure:
A. Effect of Pressure on Solubility ( Gas in Liquid)
1. Open a bottle of carbonated soft drink and record your observations. Make sure that the soft
drink bottle has not been shaken for at least an hour before.
2. Shake another bottle of carbonated drink.
3. Open the bottle and observe what happens. Record your observations.
Caution: The soft drink might over pour. Do not point toward yourself or to anyone at home.

B. Effect of Temperature on Solubility (Solid in Liquid)

1. Place a half-fill of cold water into a clear glass.
2. Add 1 tsp of sodium chloride crystals (NaCl - table salt) and stir with a spoon until the crystals
disappear. Identify the kind of solution obtained.
3. Continuously do step 2 until the added crystals no longer dissolve. Remember to take note of the
amount of NaCl you put into the water. You will observe that the NaCl crystals start to gather at
the bottom of the glass rather than dissolve. Identify the kind of solution obtained.

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 4. Repeat steps 1 to 3 using hot water.
5. Compare the number of teaspoonful of NaCl that dissolves in each liquid. Note which solvent
dissolved more crystals.
C. Effect of Temperature on Solubility (Gas in Liquid)
1. Transfer 1 teaspoon of the carbonated soft drink in a small glass. Allow the effervescence to
subside and heat the mixture over a candle flame. Observe.
2. In another glass, place 1 teaspoon of carbonated soft drink. Place this glass in a container with
water and ice.
3. Compare the extent of bubbling between the two glasses.
Observations
A. Effect of Pressure on Solubility (Gas in Liquid)
Unshaken Bottle Shaken Bottle
Carbonated soft drink
B. Effect of Temperature on Solubility (Solid in Liquid)
Cold Water Hot Water
Sodium chloride
(number of teaspoonful)

C. Effect of Temperature on Solubility (Gas in Liquid)

Over the candle flame In a glass with water and ice
Carbonated soft drink

Post Laboratory Questions

1. What did you observe upon opening the two bottles of carbonated drink?
2. What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of carbon dioxide in soft drinks and sodium
chloride in the water?
3. What conclusion can you make regarding the solubility of a gas in liquid?
4. What conclusion can you make regarding the effect of the nature of solute and solvent in solubility?

Conclusion:
What are the different properties of solutions?

To better understand our topic, watch the video entitled “Unsaturated, Saturated, and
Supersaturated Solutions” from your flash drive or through this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmnLujnwQ2c

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 Reflective Journal
Solutions are useful to everyone. During this time of pandemic or health crisis, we use several types of
solutions. (This is an optional activity.)
1. What are the types of solutions that you use at home to keep yourself safe from any kind of
disease-causing bacteria and viruses like Covid-19?
2. How should these solutions be utilized to minimize or completely eradicate the causes of
illnesses and diseases?

Post Test
Let us test what you have learned after accomplishing this module. Read the directions and
answer the test below. Write only your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
A. Multiple Choice. DIRECTIONS: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which of the following is NOT a solution?
A. air C. gold jewelry
B. distilled water D. hot coffee drinks

2. Which statement does not describe a solution?

A. A solution is homogeneous if it has been thoroughly stirred.
B. The dissolved solute will not come out of the solution on standing.
C. The size of the dissolved solute particles allows them to pass through filters.
D. A solution is a homogenous mixture that exists only in the solid phase.

3. In what condition are solids usually more soluble in liquids?

A. at higher temperature
B. at lower temperature
C. at room temperature
D. cannot be determined

4. How much solute is dissolved in saturated solution compared to supersaturated solution?

A. less than
B. equal
C. maximum
D. greater than

5. How much solute is dissolved in unsaturated solution compared to saturated solution?

A. less than
B. equal
C. maximum
D. greater than

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B. Table Completion

Give three (3) examples of solutions. Identify the solute and the solvent. Then, classify them into saturated,
unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions. Write your answers in the appropriate columns.
SOLUTIONS SOLUTE SOLVENT saturated, unsaturated,
supersaturated

C. Constructed Response – Answer the question in not more than 5 sentences.

How can you apply your knowledge about solutions in your everyday life?

Rubrics:
Criterion 4 3 2 1
Organization The ideas are well The ideas are somewhat The ideas are not very The organization of
of ideas organized and thoughts organized, and are thoughts organized but thoughts ideas needs
are explained very clearly. are explained fairly. are explained. improvement.

You are done with Module 6. Congratulations! You made it! For
clarification, don’t hesitate to consult your teacher.

Answer Key
Here are the answers in the pre-test. Please look at this part only after accomplishing the test.
Honesty is STILL the best policy. Please check your answers and determine how much knowledge you have
attained.

Pre Test
1. c
2. c
3. d
4. a
5. d

How many items did you get correctly? Let’s now proceed to our lessons by accomplishing the rest of this
module.