Link Up To You! 12º Teacher's Book PDF
Link Up To You! 12º Teacher's Book PDF
Link Up To You! 12º Teacher's Book PDF
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Ingles
12.' Ano
Niel de Continua,e
Carlota Martins
No~mia Rodrigues
pet Ao
Diana England
4
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12.° Ano Ingles
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how to:
find information about world-famous
landmarks
select information
complete texts wnth missing sentences
nnd specific information in a text
describe pictures and holidays
• plan a holiday
how to use: ••
..""'_, j different grammar structures
= + tr ?i's z
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TEACHER
Elia»
L. Great all of Chine
2Chichi~n ltd Medics
3Cuedeemer. Beal
.The official Seven Wonders of the World have been chosen from more than one
billion online votes torepr ent global heritage throughout history. Identify and
$.Machu Piech Per locate thern on the map.
.Petra. Jordan7. Taj Maheal
lode
-
f
•
t
•
1.
.you are going to read the online presentation of some of the Seven Wonders TEACHER
of the World. For que tions a f choose from the texts A D.Each one may be a.BhAe.DdCe.Dt.A
chosen more than once. Which place... Sugg stions
a. was left inhabited because of an epidemic disease? I Thie will ark for your
students abytosnaed
bisarefection of rts people's welcoming trarton? saucy lo
c. has been a noel for sports venues al or the worid? inor Olen.ark then to
core ugh their0
d. was0utars afortress against enemies q nlortetso provide
are deg takin dor etr
• was.a place for people's a0uerent
teashooewok.lent
t. is located high above a big city?
A. Christ Redeemer:
This statue of Jesus stands some
38 metres tall atop the Corcovado
ew.... .• .
mountain overlooking io de B. Machu Picchu:
Janeiro. Designed by Brazilian Heitor In the 19 century, the Incan Emperor
da Suva Costa and created by French o Pachac~tec built a city in the clouds on
sculptor Paul Landowski it is one of the mountain known as Mac.hu Picchu
the world's best-known monumentS
The statue took five years to
o construct and was inaugurated on
October 12.19.31. It has become a
("OldMountain·) nmem"°'ll!nafY
settlement lies halfway up the Andes
Plateau, deep in the Amazon jun8le
and above the Urubam.ba River
1
symbol of the city and of the warmth It was probabl abandoned by the
of the Brazilian people, who receive Incas because of a smallpox out brea.l
visitors with open arms and after the Spanish defeated the
lncan Empire, the city remained lost for
so over thee centuries It was rediscovered
by Hiram Bingham in I9I
TEACHER Spead the article below about a visit to the Taj Mahal.
2DhfcBdFe.A 2 Fee sentences have been reroved frorn the ar
bile. Choose fro the sent.en0eS
A-Fthe one wtech fits each gap Theres one extra sentence whuh you do
Me sure students reed the not need to use
sentences before and after
A. the soft flowing water in the front pools glinteqin the sunlight
the gap to find a logical
connection instead of looking 8 they would not create any more art or design in their irtete
forword dues Practise the
different linking ad colt give C. undertook the task of erecting the world's most beauttui monument in the
that will enable them merory of his beloved
toconn teas ire0
D when l catch myself acting a bit unenthusiastic over typical tounsty spots
effect contrast erind them
to notice pron unadveb E. that he decided to bud her an everlasting memorial and resting place
tenses
• that they almost resembled an rnpres.sion#st painting
2.2Listen to the text and check your answers
co-mo
Nothing in India not riding a rickshaw through As my guile led me towards the Southern gate
Deli's markets. learning the proper way to wrap a of the Taj's complex. she began to tell me the love
turban or riding painted elephants through the story behind the building
pink city ot Jaipur. came close to preparing me for Maharajah Shah Jahan spotted Mumt.az Mahal
s the magic of the Taj Mahal at the marketplace in his royal complex It was
With over 16 countries under my belt. there are love at first sight and he quickly made her his
many times a o third wife After bearing him 14 children. Murtaz
The Eiffel Tower in Panis check. The leaning died leaving the Maharajah so devastated
Tower oft Pisa been there. Rome'g Colosseum done. b. looking
o So when Iarrived in Agra the city that houses to the Koran for inspiration Taking inspiration
India'smost iconic structure. I wasn't as excited from its detailed description of Heaven. Shah
as the thousands of tourists around me seemed ahan built the Taj Mahal To ensure that no other
to be living structure would ever rival the beauty of the
Eead the text again to find the following information; then select a sentence TEACHER
from the text to justify your answers la.DhfeBdFe.A
a. The author's expectations about vis.tting the Taj Mahal and why she felt that way .8She dido thee high
be are she head
been tosomen tourist places
before.Al644 They lie in
bray AI-20e. The
• The type of society indiais as regards marriages need never to bed anything
else in their lies.qt 27-29
dShew stuoedad
u 30-33
e. Alth ughit is.cro dedit
e. What the Ta Mahal builders were asked to do to assure ther wonk would be unique
sti feesp fuand quiet
4245
. . -- ·- -- ·- ···-·-----.
Speaker2: '
keep calm under pi re ..................... J
c. The lug9a8e got lost and they diain't get arefund
e.(Jtomale therm under nd
you.f.(/summer. the peal Speaker 3: .{ d They were mnisle when they booed online for a place
..................... J
(Jitis difficult to to stay
recruit guesincertain
r··················•
Speaker 4: ' a. He paid double what he should have for contemning he
countries.h.(food ..................... J
a0commotion,a0a r··················• booking twice
worelated travel Speaker 5: '
.................... J t They were charged for the repair of a hired car
Sogge tions
I Stude ts.will he to listen
or gar6 tomoe
f'You will hear an interview with a woman called Caroline, who works as a tourist
guide. Complete the sentences
have tolisten toasenies of
short tets. lave them listen
cu-muon
a Caroline says that.as a tourist guide, the tire you have for yourself whe travelling
to the tets.and write their
0wnqu Donor'give then
atitie that surnoarises the The possible qualifications you may need for the job are
content before doing the
actual exercise c. You'ii need to be good wth people because
first brainstorm idea d. She says everyone wit look at youtf anything goes wrong wtichis why
about what they expect to
hear from the text theyl
listen to nares a. Asa tour guide. you don't only need to speak to your group. but also
adjectives, bud.any
Then read the
senten and die s the f. Caroline mentions that you' only have plenty of work in
kind of information they may g. Itispossible to be a guide na country you (ion't kow much about as
need to complete then
h A tour guide ls pal for sore expenses. Such a
Ls»oars
1.2 Decide wtech of the other group's holiday you prefer and wt
discuss what type of holiday these people might have comfortable clothes 0%
be.is
been planning. 6rve reasons. travel guide l stud ,
they should agree
hoodies 0
aedit card the other stud ts
r-------------------------------------------------------- ' cash and not only ge
intonation and
USEFUL LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS suntan lotion
'
ones
small backpack
Expressing opinions: D ibing something
ItinkI believe_ It looks as if
+ They seem to be
+From my point of view_
They both/all look
Astar as Tm concerned
It seems to me that_ They don't appear to be_
It looks like
Well in my opinion
perhaps they are.
Maybe it is
Tdsay thisis a
unsase +n»
C6.6 ca6 ts
Famous For. Discovery and colonisation of the Americas
Although Italian a. bu birth maritime explorer Christopher Columbus sailed
b. tbe Atlantic Ocean and discovered the Americas under the Spanish emperors
name. During his fist voyage. he led three Spanish galleons. the Nia. the Pinta. and the Santa Mara
Ain all c. 1492 t0 1503 Columbus sailed between Spain and the Americas
8
Complete the second sentence using the word given so that it has a similar TEACHER
meaning to the first sentence. Do not change the wordgiven. You must use lb.wish lcouldc. adv ed us
between twoad five words, including the word given Here is an example. totraetdddthee mer
e. thereat.too
a. James Cook was the first ship's captain to stop scurvy among sailors because he treel more thee
gave them fresh fruts. (providing whether lhead eer been
James Cook was the frst ship's captain to stop scurvy among sators by pron Ldffesltyin unde nding
mopoint ink not feeling
themwtth fresh frurts. well
b. Ican't afford to travel as much as would lie
(wish)
The Englishman found the tourist guide's accent very tfeuit to understand
(in)
Identification
Set the scene. say why My DREAM holiday Hae?
you've chosen that -
place -- ftisa place witha unique tradition, an amazing culture anda different
Life yle: Switzerland. It is definitely my dream de tination
- Located in central Europe the country is known for its mystic natural beauty
Description mountains and richness Switzerland is quite asmall country.it has asmall
Write about population of just seven million people with a stunning linguistic diversity
the location and culture
the special attractions It also has alist of attractive tourist destinations that I do not want to miss
(what to see) mainly the Swiss Alps and these beautiful cities Geneva Zunich Lucerne
the atmosphere (the Lugano. Zermatt. Berne. Interlaken and many more
way you feel), Berne is the capital city It is diverse and very beautiful It is situated near
the people (how they the river Aare and has many historical sites as well IknowImust visit places
treat you) like the Historical Museum the Cathedral at Munster plat. the Barenplat
the facilities (public which is the heart of the city. the very beautiful and peaceful Elfenau Park
transports hotels, and many other astonishing places! Berne is also very famous for its
restaurants. sports..) Emmental cheese and Toblerone chocolate. Hence. it attracts more tourists
Use than other parts of the country
plenty of adjectives Apart from Berne. Zurich is also a well-known city of Switzerland The city
in their several forms, is known for its marvellous scenic beauty such a rivers. hills and peaceful
linking words to write woods. Also. Lucerne is a perfect de tination that can be explored b foot
a coherent discourse alone asitisacar free town Cities bike Zurich the most outrage us one. Basel
Lausanne and Geneva (the most cosmopolitan) have the best nightlife
- So Ireally want to travel to Switzerland and convert my dreams into
Conclusion reality. because it is a country with so much to offer that I can hardly wait for
Sur up your views
and feelings about the
- the chance of spending some time there
place
;,---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------..
: USEFUL LINKING WORDS
;
: Addition: Reference and example:
; inaddition for this reason
asaresult in other words
+
chiefly such as
what'smore that's why so namely • that is
also due to inparticular for instance
as well because of for example
+ too
20 therefore
': consequently
:
Consider the difficulties you've found while doing the exercises and think about your
different language skills.
so 6otata
I
• (
I
+_
C
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s,
l
0 U, L
N,
@
[IE7TT)
Englishes around the world
•
'3 E U, T, I, U, L
A, u
2.
r
N, G
•
•
In this unit you will be able to revise V
gg 4rt
or learn...
some vocabulary connected to:
different languages
0Out
urrt
•
$cot €or
histonic.al periods and events
E, 0 H
different synonyms for speak"
loans and Anglicisms
varieties of English
C
how to:
• •
identify the origin of Languages
I
understand the history of the English language
$
R,
compare English texts in different periods of
3
pout
rt
language development
write a historical recount
),
A'.%
4 engage in aclass debate
L, A s, A
recognise the difference between sounds
4
and spellings
listen for specific information
E
identify words borrowed from other Language5
I, urns
explain the supremnaCy of some la090age5
discuss the importance of having a global
"o language
C, • I
• perform a role play
N, •• wme an l!XJ)l,lnaoon
E
•
•
.
the world
R, " 0,
acknowledge the importance of English
00utf in the world
woo
do an oral fve-minute presentation
6 write areview
discuss differences between British and
u4rt Amenican English
read a literary text
I
4 W ON Dz the genitive, the double genitive, the double
possess/e
o homer
llvro +
+ amore
Albro +
+
hombre
amnor 0 Mann
love
+ Buch
llefde +
+ man
boo
C .I•
d d 8 ±
• d. h
•-
bookh loel man4 Buch ! Aower the questions
k. Mann L lie
fde 4. Do you speak all the languages ab0e?Was t ff0ult for you to complete the
44personal answers
tables? Why were you able to recognise the words?
4.2How may the sir#lattes and efferences between the languages in tables A and B
be explained?
Developing a worldwide language
Eh»at
Mead the text and complete each gap with a suitable word TEACHER
l.a withhbec.asd that
e.tot. how that
THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGES lhehoe the sane origin,
the lalic branch
Our language is inextricably bound up
2Dutch is more similar to
To be human is to use language, and to talk is tot
M demn English lionwegin
Language is an ability inherent in us Languages such e.
are particular systems that are developments of that ability. We can know the
underlying ability only through studying the actual languages d.
are its expressions (_) A good approach«. studying languages is
the historical one. To understand f. things are. it is often helpful foll ed
and sometimes essential to know how they got to beg way path.along the develor mnent
AbertCaugh4 Thomas Cabe
Altory0of the [nth Lan8ea8e of the Germanic beach
edon London Routledge 00. 24Mainly Germanic and Latin
through French
fThe following graph shows the several branches in which the original common
language of most known languages the Proto-lndo-European developed
Analyse it and answer the qu tions
2 Why do French Portuguese and Spanish resemble each other ?
. .
o la
••
Breton
oh
de th
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er
tGaa
r Ga..a
•
eh
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0n.fed hoe Du
•
e0.
LI u=ours mm
.Listen to a text about the history of Great Britain and how various invaders
have contributed to make the English language what it is today.
c-moo
• Listen to part 1and complete the tr le wrth the information required
________ ,
Old English
I -------•------- -------..L•-=-=-- =-= -1 .1. _
1000 BC -SC BC -450 AD 450AD -80AD 80AD -OO AD
Middle Cglish
0 &nglish Modern English
Oure Ladir that art in heuenes,
Faeder ure pu be eart on heofonum halewid be thi name, Our father who art in heaven
sipin nama gehalgo to becume thi kyngloom core to, hallowed be th nae
bin rice; gewurpe din willa on Be thi wille don in erthe as in Thy kingdom come
e0ran 9wa9wa on he0DO.DUTT heuene Thy will be done in earth as it is
Ure gedaeghwamhican hlat syle in heaven
yyue to vs this dad oure breed
us todaeg ouer othir substaunce. Give us this day our dally bead
And forgyf us ure gvltas swaswa And foryyue to vs oure dettis And forgive us our trespasses as we
we forgyfad urum gvltendum as we foryyuen to oure dettours forgive those who tre against ue
And ne gelaed bu us on costnunge And lede vs not into And lead us not into temptation, but
Ac alys us of yfele deliver us from evil
temptaciurn but delyuere vs
Soplice Arnen
froo yuel
26
Amen
Page 76
LtCelt Modem Gaelic
Beowulf and ietel. LLatind
logo! [Germani
f watch the trailer of Beowulf, Vo GS ndicier
llormens drench
the 2007 film based on the
I2a.300 years
epic poem also named Beowulf El b then
written in old English, and find l Their role linedc. in the
ke
2. Read a short excerpt of the poem (translated into Modern English) and decide to
I The far as tet is the
payer Our father
each major confect rt is related to
Page Zl
l. Beowulf
is about the
2r
[ no»as i
ch€ ORGIs r e
it would have lacked the greater part of that namely. prince. duke. marquis. viscount. baron al
enormous number of French words that today make their feminine equivalents - date from the period
English seem on the side of vocabulary. almost as r when England was in the hands of a Norman French
much a Romance as a Germanic language. The ruling class French names were given not only to
Norman Conquest changed the whole course of the various animals when served up as food at Norman
English language tables - beef. mutton. pork and veal for instance -
but also to the culinary pr
Th€ FR€nGh ID EnGLADO o English cow. sheep. pug and calf were prepared for
human consumption. for instance boil. broil. fry
to The impact of the Normans on the English
roast and stew
language was to alarge extent confined to the word
The loss of Normandy in1204 by King John. a
stock. A huge body of French words were ultimately
descendant of the Conqueror. removed an important
to become part of the English vocabulary. many of
s tie with France. The Hundred Years' War beginning
them replacing English words that would have done
in1337. saw England and Fane bitter enemies in a
6s just as well for us. But the Norman Conquest male
long drawn-out conflict which gave the death blow
French the language of the official class in England
to the already moribund use of French in England
Hence. it is not surprising that many words having
Those whose ancestors were Normans eventually
to do with government and administration are of
o came to think of themselves as English
French origin attorney.chancellor. country. court
o crime, fudge. noble; or in the religious sphere: abbot
clergy. preach. sacrament. words designating titles of
nobility except for king. queen. earl. lord or lady
TEACHER find two different meanings for the following words: the meaning in the text
S.bl first. initial Z arriving context andase ond meaning in a different context. Write a sentence in which
or done before tire Th bus you use the word in the latter context. The first one has been done.
arrived early.elcertain
fen Ile te heres most a. body (162) rrout.
4on! gtrte
phoul
4the of4
haeon or arire$l
definitein40onus lit hes
a.large body
hendigin our work by Fnid
d.follc red.2 ch sedf h early (I)
hunted Police pursued the car e. definite (17)
at high geed el con tion
d. pursued(145)
when two tearns he the
same score Ihe match ended a. tie (185)
inabie
6.%.TA46%.F(I68e.F
tu 20-22 4. T 4L 40-52 fsayif the following sentences are True (T) or False (F). Justify your answers
a.Britain becane a Roman by quoting from the text.
province Latin entered a Murnan ire in Britain had existed long before the English language
Britain h. Their ion of
Germanic tribes They brought b Britain had been inhabited by many efferent cultures.. which
to nevertt le s had a 0orion lag0al8 [
Britain c. The llorm c. Britain was never part of the ornan Empire alt
hough the ornans
of French changed the coure settled there for centuries
of the development of the • The development of Englirshas a Germanic language was held up
English Lang 9e d. King
by the Norman Conquest
John lost Normand. Britain
was no longer tied up to
France e. he beginning of the
I00 Years la ht removed the
Gothrough the text and find what the following dates refer to. Explain their
importance in the history of the English langua8e.
French from the bland
Allfthe French hadot ruled
in Britain, the English langug
would heave de lopedasa £Answer the following qu stions about the text.
8. How has the Norman Conquest changed the whole course of the English
a2They tell us that there
was bulary for the rulers language?
in variety of fields.and s.2What do the new French words introduced into the English language after the
servant'sept sore of theirs
The langt 9ended up Norman Conquest tel us about the power relationships between the French and
in tporating both ad the English
becare anewag #9
"
slae tered march d
.a
a thousand times before but that day was fferent
were feelingdwon had
changed.were They arrived at Stamford Beige night after lunch and fortunately the wind
had diedh had been
fighting. had been gathering
dhad met e. The fighters stood/had been standingn the rain for ten minutes before the Norse
4.won was still getting arrve. by which tone they were fe ling/had been fe ling very a0OouS
was preparing changed d Warn was very lucky. le won/ ad won the battle because the wind changed
cwerelosing
had changed and also because Harold's fighters were/ had been tired
dmade were retreating
e.din t understadwere
pretendgfsaws.tag f Complete these sentences about the events that preceded the Battle of
Hastings using the past perfect simple or the past perfect continuous
a Harold couldn't win the battle because his best fighters (de)
at the Battie of Stamford Bnidg
• When Harold was defeated at Hastings. he and his army (fight)
sine September
Complete the sentences with these pairs of verbs. Use the past simple in one
gap and the past continuous in the other.
See/take + not understand/ pretend + win/get
make/retreat lose/ decide + prepare change
+
I
L voe»our De loping8aorieiela8.a
c
appropriate def#ton
• remark
• • z. losay what you have noticed about a situation
fNow analyse the tips below on how to organise an historical recount looking at
the text you have studied on pages28-29as an example
Background
tt sets the scene for the reader, b
descnbing the levant background or Che 0RGIser e
-· ---- €1Glsh
context
+ paragraph
;
tt provides ge eral
-a-e-L-
---------
LA1GKAGe
-· -------.
ea4
+ 2paragraph tt provides detas
- ,.___ - -
___
and sore in/
ti.al es0nip/on a-L-
oeo
de
L-
--ea--
mote enGs
------
Le- c fog4eras
Stages a
--
otb en&dsh
The series of events needs to be
------- ------
described in chronological order ••
2414aGs6on
o@so •
+ it can be broken into paragraphs
---
beginning with a topic sentence or 40
a0nain point
+
+
Dates need to be gven or implied
The past tense form of verbs is used
Connectors are nee0et0 sh0W
-----
a
[ ... ]
fDosome re earch to collect data on one of the following historical events and
write arecount following the information given above
The Scandinavian invasion of Beta.inn the 8 century
The Magna Carta
The Hundred Years'War
The Gunpowder pot
APP nucr+
l eammar no
English spelling and sounds
ftagiish the same sound can be written in different ways and similar spellings .an be
read differently.
e
• same sound / different spelling e treasure freed
le pard lelure
• Choose fromn the words given one example for the following spellings Then sten to c.//fl door
the words to check your answer
c-mo dei pale.fattdy brea
e. i nloht eye.fly. by
helight
$ i
.----------------.•
•
f/lag6tr see
la ancient •• dj/mite herb
a.
bful
a./V ul •• h/f/
••
asin pin" • ••
0 ••
••
•
b./el
asin bet
caught
a day
00 door
.//
Ou eye
asin more"
au fail
aw fall
few
fy ••
d. /ei/
friend •
asin make"
goat
height
know
ey
./Ai law
¥ leisure
asine
uy leopard
el
machine
t. fl •
as in no
.//
asin you"
s
h. //
t
asin ftg
c
$s
,.. _.
APP mar o
ll aammarim
TEACHER same spelling / different sound
2la.weighth. heardc. bear 2. ea the word gven and then choose the word that has the sare vowel soundin'
dsewe.meat6lose
each pa.lf
22%.height=mighth beard
herec.dear heard hew 22 Think of a word whose vowel sound sounds le the one you haven't chosen
cutee.9ea+say6nose a date wight or height ?
boat
b word heard or beard?
fJoin in pairs and practise reading the poem below. Then listen to confirm
pronunciation.
co-moo
-
in
1.2 Complete the table wrth your own opinion on the issue and share tt in class 9arrear 4:Dfeult
irregularities of the spelling
9stern
Speaker Zand13Personal ans ers
Speaker 2
Speaker 3
Els»oars
Class debate:
ls English the easlest language to learn?
Get into one of these groups
Group believes English is the easiest language to learn
oranee""ants.
Group 2 defends the opposite view
'-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ....
L voe»our
TEACHER Loans and Anglicisms
I.Englishwods. school
umbrella.achord street
e. libertyf. palace. colour
reason4cigar[potato Loans are words borrowed from other languages. A significant proportion of the
l tuna corr d words in the English language have been borrowed from other languages. which
la Adjectives:sexy. bimbo make their origin easily recognisable
b stseller.b. Activities/
obs:derby.part-time. hobby
bbysitter.e.Ci th f .Complete the table with the English translation of the words to see how loans
lee aftershave. pull er are easy to identify.
body.jeans. tog sham4
d Food bacon
e.e /G r a 4t
airbag word loan
pule $00Ola i cigarro
The words given ca be found
in Portuguese with gt great b omnbrello f. palats patata
change Therearejust miner
k. attn
gelling and pronunciation
dferen »leg shamnpo / aa
l ca0na
champ Sore words he
slightly different me niog
too leg bimbo
An Anglicismnis an English word incorporated into and used in a language other
than English. The words may be used with no change or with slight spelling
alterations to fit the target language
fGeoup the following Anglicisms according to the categories in the boxes and
decide if they were incorporated in Portuguese with or without changes.
You may add other examples
aftershave • • password + bacon
derby +
'
- -- ------ ----- ----- -------- --,' .----------------------------. ,--·--------·--------·-------- :
' ' : '
' Adjectives ' Activities/ Jobs j e. Clothes/Hygiene j
': ': :
t
'
i 'i
't 'i
' ' '
::
,.. .-----------�
.,'
l .._
''
'
'---------------{-
J"ood
''
'
---------------�------------.
' ._ _.
.
'
, 'i Technology/Games '[
l :
': i
l :
'
'
'
'
'
---------------------------J:,,,..
'''
J
'
TEACHER
l.a.England. Portugal
Spain the and
Language spread France h English. Portug
Soonish Dutch and Frend
c.borers and
@Look at the map and say: took their! to the
corer
a which European counties were the most Lally powerful in the 16and ofq red territories.and
spread their on
8centuries
d Most of them soil keep the
b what languages they spoke langge of the colonisers
today e. Te USA£ The most
e. the possible connection between the spread of their languages around the world and
perfud heae
their colonies overseas aleys their
d. what languages the former colon# speak today langg So the more
powerful the. the
e. which country holds the greatest economic power nowadays more the
f. how economical supremacy may be related to the spread of a language 2lie Sg nih English and
Portug are still on the
group of the Smnost
oyage of languintheworld
outnbered only by
- Ma lain Ch e
-
2ltithe ye with the
most natee but#tis
mot nee nil the most
• in the world
o 23English. itis the
international loge of
technology.entertaieeet
--
de fed l
in the word
ead the graph and answer the following questions
2. Have the countries in the map above ept their SuprenaCyn
terms of language. according to statistics? £plan
t
•
2.2Why do you think Mandarin Chinese is at the top of theist?
2.3Which language has the most speakers in the world f we don't
thunk about natve speakers only?Why do you thk that
happens ?
- - -
2.4 Andi the future? What wit the most spoken language in the
world be ?State teas0S ' '
lg
[ no»as i
�
.bearing the definition of this word in mind: GLOBAL adj [usually
TEACHER
before noun] cover ins
Suggestion a wrtte a possible def#ton of global language
or affecting the whole
2Ask the students to read the b 0discuss which laing0a8S0nay have been 0onSere
complete tetandsuraise world
global languages throughout the history of
hurank.ind
e. state reasons tor the establishment of a language as a global language
previoupra9agh or the net
paragraph to read each
paragraphs second tire ad fin the following text, the last sentence of each paragraph is missing. As you read
also to read through t through the text, choose from the sentences b low and complete each paragraph
last sentences.and
ch ethe right one A These are all factors which can motvate someone to learn a language. of course. but
none of theon alone. Orin Corbin aDion can ensure a laing04.age's world spread
g Thedrve to make progress in science and technology fostered an nternatonal intelie tual
and research environment which gave scholarships and further education a high profile
c. When they fall, ther language fads.
p They were srnply more fulpower
E. And the language behind the US dollar was English
• The hwstory of a global language can be traced though the successful expertons of
AGE?
Why alanguage becomes a global language has popular and misleading beliefs have grown up
Little to do with the number of people who speak it. about why alanguage should become
It has much more to do with who those speakers are internationally succ ful A language does not
Latin became an international language throughout become a global language because of its intrinsic
the Roman Empire. but this was not because the structural properties. or because of the size of its
omans were more numerous than the peoples they vocabulary or because it has been a vehicle of a
subjugated a great Literature in the past. or because it was once
o associated with a great culture or religion c
There is the closest of inks between langua8e
o dominance and economic technological and A language has traditionally become an
cultural power Without a strong power-base. ot international language for one chief reason the
whatever kind no language can make progress san power of its people - especially their political and
international medium of communication Language military pOwer The explanation is the same
has no independent existence. living in some sort of throughout history Why did Greek become a
mystical space apart from the people who speak it. language of international communication in the
Language exists only in the brains and mouths and Middle East over 2000 years ag0? Not because of
ears and hands and eyes of its users. When they the intellect of Lato or Aristotle: the answer lies in
succ ved. on the international stage. their Language the swords and spears wielded by the armies of
succ els. b Alexander. the Great.Why di Latin become known
20 throughout Europe? Ask the legions of the Roman
This point may seem obvious. but it needs to be Empire. Why did Spanish. Portuguese and French
made at the outset. because over the years many find their way into the Americas Africa and the
De loping8aorieiel8.
« Far East? Study the colonial policies of the approaching I00 million) was large than that of any
Renaissance kings and queens. and the way these of the countries of Western Europe. and its economy
policies were ruthlessly implemented by armies and was the most productive and the fastest growing in
navies all over the known world d. so the world British political imperialism had sent
Eng.his.h around the globe during the nineteenth
so But international Language dominance is not solely century During the twentieth century. this world
the re ult of military might It may take a military pr mnce was maintained and promoted almost
powerful nation to tabbish a language. but it takes single-handedly through the economic supremacy of
an economically powerful one to maintain and es the new American superpower Economics Te'placed
expand it This has aways been the case. but it politics as the chief driving force. f
ss became a particularly critical factor in the nineteenth
and twentieth centuries. with economic Also the development of twentieth century
developments operation on a global scale, supported computers has been almost entirely an American
by the new communication technologies - telegraph o affair Although computer language are not Like
telephone. radio - and fostering the emergence of natural languages. being very restricted. they have
6o massive multinational organisationg The growth of inevitably been greatly influenced by the mother
competitive industry and business brought an tongue of the programmers - and this has largely
explosion of international marketing and advertising been English The first computer operating systems
The power of the press reached unprecedented levels automatically used English vocabulary and syntax
soon to be surpassed by the broadcasting media with and the more recent ones have displayed English
their ability to cross national boundaries Technology influence too. though alternatives in a few other
chiefly in the form of movies and music fuelled new languages are now available For the near future it is
mass entertainment industries which had a difficult to foresee any developments which could
worldwide impact.e. oo eliminate the significant role of English on the
information superhighway. The pig8e t potential
2 Any language at the centre of such an explosion of setback to English as a global language. it has been
international activity would suddenly have found sad with more than a little irony. would have taken
itself with a global status And English was apparently place a generation ago - if Bi Gates had grown up
in the night place at the night time."By the beginning os speaking Chinese
of the nineteenth century. Bnit.ain had become the
Dad Cyst Fnehars a Global
world's leading industrial and trading country. By the Cambndge.Cambridge Unery Press,200.
end of the century. the population of the USA (then
difficulty or problem that Explain the following expressions as they occur in the text.
a made at the outset"(122)
from happening
6.the number of h cntcal factor (55)
the intrinic structural e. unprecedented levels"(163)
prge ties its great literature
its, toagreat d. potential setback" (ll 101-102)
culture ort b the
power of the country
fGo through the text and find out information to fill in the table below.
cultural military and politi l
74Latin lit wars the langg
why does a
• 7
Music has been a vehicle for the spread of English in the world.
2. ldentity the singers/groups below that established the use of English as the
.an1 606
language of music in the world in the 506
2.2Listen to four excerpts of songs that became popular all around the world Try to
identity them and match each of thern to their singers/groups.
[c-mores.22-s
b
ll aammarim
The genitive go
TEACHER
Meuse the genitive s/or the construction of+ possessor to show possession
.identify
l.a()Elis's first hit
h correctc. correct4My
the incorrect sentences and change then where necessary
perents favourite song(J
e. Bob Dylan' Bl ming i the a Love me tender"was the fest hit of£Ms
wind(J4 ALA us Hudley's
book The Dloors of Percep on Whats the narne of thus song by The D00rs?
wars(J c. Music fromn the last century false0ssues about pea0e. war aind free0on
3.h.()song of theirs
d. The favourite song of my parents is Love me do"
6(Japroller of mine
d(la9ge fits ow 6. Blowing in the Wif of Bob Dylan has been covered by many artists
e.()of Annas/hers
t.(Jdicti nary/'be k of hers/ t. The book of Aldous Hude The DO0rS of Perception was the inspiration
'shi.
my sisters.(friend of Paul for the narne of the pand The Do0Ors
McCartney
[Look at other ways of showing possession in English
M of
···sore""""""e·amen·roomers
+ noun in the genttve
fuse the double possessive or the double genitive to complete these sentences
he first one has been done as an example.
a. Bob Dylan had le s of fans
My father was.a fan fBod Den's
The Beatles spread the English language wth ther songs
Love me do"is.a
e. Ion'te the music of the 60s much Thats my problem
..
a Anna loves You are aways 0nny min"" It's one Of her favourite $0ngS
,. You are always on my muftis a favountte song
_»t
•%
f. My sister studies Linguistics. She has lots of books and dictionaries.
J This.a
F g. Paul McCartney had lots of friends in the music world
.' John Lennon wars.a
El u«ism ape
money cultural
d. English w stay a global language as long.as poere(/pop son
international aver1 sin9a
a. If that happens other nations wit want to traffic control radio
Or and the internet.d()itis
seen.a the lag9e of the
t. The three other languages he puts forward as a scenario for replacing English are most pe rerfud inth
an woride.(/be bile the
g. Itsestimated that the number of people speaking English today is inteetwith them sell ting
to them t.(Chin e.So ihe
Arabic(2blion
Ls«as
Role play:
What's the most suitable global language?
s d
•o----------
One of you is Chinese, the
lntenrmnutes.eachof
•
you will prepare a list to
other is Spanish and the defend why your langua8e
other one is American is the most suitable to be
i},---------•.,,.,. -"'""-�-·
-1 _•_"'"'
Go back to theprevlous•o-L---�
text ad the interview Role play your
_
-
,-----------------------------------------,
with Professor David USEFUL LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
discuses%,,
Crystal for ideas You may go back to page 37 and use
the language ips sugs ted for the
debate
EL wars
TEACHER Explanation
l.informs of certain
facts.causes or effecs
.Based on your analysis on page 4I complete the definition of the genre.
An explanations a text whose ge er.al purpose8StO
Writing genres lt accomplishes this purpose by explaining b
ltis usually wnttten by an expert or are earcher ad can be found in specialise
hinaconference
fNow analyse the tips below on how to organise an explanation looking at the
text you have studied on pages4041as an example.
--
o
Explain the multiple causes andbr e.
owaoens""Po
______ __
+ Don't gve your direct opinion.just o
de
----- . -- .
present the facts
+ You may ask questions so that you ere aoi-
.e ecoc er sod
,
can give explanations by answering
-oo-
•
-...
.Le
therm Ao-
le
+ Depending on the issue, you Can use .i
data, quotations, studies. statistics
Use linking words/connectors to
[ ]
express addrton. cause and effect
reference and ex.a0n.0le
[Expand the reasons given below to help you write an explanation on the topic
How did the English language become the global language it is today?
The British overseas empire in the1 century
The industrial evolution
The rise of the USA after Word war l
The development of global med (TV and Radio)
The growth of the Hollywood and music industry
PP nucros The internet and the globals.a0ion of 0ornNTuNCaDon1, Coroner'Ce an work
•·- . 1.1
Sociocultural content TEACHER
Lt
L.Bearing in mind what you have learned about the English language, choose the correct L2
option fromn the ones given 3e
wWhatis the importance of the Proto-lndo-European family tree ? L4
15a
a Itshows us the origin of all the language in existence today
Lse
b tt allows us to understand why there are differences and srnlares
17a
between language$.
18%
c. It shows us how languages are likely to develop in the future
2 Whwwas the Norman invasion an important landmark for the development
of the English language ?
a Local people gave up their language and started to speak French
bltset the English language qev loprent apart from the other Germanic
languages
c. The sounds of words became similar to the French pronunciation
1.3 French words care to replace English ones in certain felts Why2
a French words were easer to pr0On'Ce
b English words can't surt the new Norman realty in the country
c. French words were the language of the rulers
14 English may be considered a artffeuit language to learn because_
a ttsgrammar structure and inflections are ffeuft to grasp
b there's.a great disparity between spelling
.and pronunciation
c. there's.a huge variety of words from very fferent origins
.Choose the group of words in which vowel sounds are read the Sa0ne war¥
a bear fa.lr helf
b bear. hear, stair
c. sewer, 0door. fore
16 The main reason a language may become a global languages.
a the easy vocabulary and grammar structure
b the number of people who speak that language as a native language
c. the economic power of the nations that speak t
1.7 The languages that have worked as a global language through history so
far were.
a Latin Greek and English
b Latin, Arabic and English
c. Latin, Spanish and English
4
7
-
TEACHER
Grana
i.Complete the text with the verbs given ina past tense. You won't need to use tern all
c.had been marching
dwere fighting removed
be +march + end + remove + cause
f. gbn ght bring about + begin fight • replace
about
The Norman conquest of England a
2.(Jofyoursis always
paying those old records 1066 with the invasion of England by win the Conqueror. Duke of Normandy and his
too loudh.()of yours of victory at the Battie of Hastings 0n 4 October 1066 over King Harold#l of England
l ming adead lag A month before. Harold's army.b. 3up,badly depleted in the
e(favourite of mine English victory at the Battie of Stamford Bridge in Northern England over the army of King
d(ateacher of ours
e.(lband of my mother's Harald l of Norway.The Vang fightersc. tor too long and
whie they ad wrtha devastated arr.win
6. fighters on hors back
'
la.t gl ed
c.chat The Norman Conquest largely f the natve ruling class
2 b violin with a foreign. French-speaking monarchy. aristocracy. and clerical hierarchy This. in turn
c. allig dcoconut a transformation of the English language and the culture
of England in a new era often referred to as Norman England
wwwooeton.edu (ape d
nil 204
eRephrase the sentences starting themas sugg ted and using the double genitive.
.Flin the gaps with a synonym for speak"in the appropriate tense
a Thornas4salways about having the accent of the Queen
How arrogant of is.
b Mary somethinginmy ear but lCouicin't understand
anything
c. When we fished the pr# t on languages. we sat on the floor in order to
a little bit and relax
aeead these foreign words and say which words they originate in English
a soc~t~ (Fenech) cellagarto (Spanish)
b violino (Italian) d Coco(Portuguese)
Englishes around the world
Eluaa
.English is spoken worldwide and in every continent. New varieties of English
developed in different territories where the language has taken root. Slade. Se0 ler 6
Aurstr.d
• Listen to six people of different countries speaking English and identify where they 2lles cot
0ore frorn E +
(c-mors2- "
former Bitie.h
2lheones that have more
native spears of English ate
r--------------. ,
•.
the USA the UK and
,..'
Spea _ 23httells us that English is
their mother tongue
24Nonwry. Foland
the Netherlands. ieZeal nod
Liberia Greenland
leel d
personal ans
' ,-------------.
Speaker
___________ J'
±
«4 0
------------.
c····i--,
,._Speaker J'
•
Speaker [
,.. J
0 $0 40
f'Discuss the following questions with your partner and then share your opinions
with the rest of the class
2 Why do these countries speak English?
2.2Wheh ones have more native speakers of English?
2.3What does that tell us about the status of the English language in
.a genuinely a
A language achieves
ENGLISHES government. the law courts. the media and the
when it develops a special role that is recognised in educational system To get on in these societies. it is
every country. Such a role will be most evident in essential to master the official language as early in
countries where large numbers of the people speak Life as possible. Such language is often described as
the language asab. inthe case ae The role of an official
of English this would mean the USA. Canada language is today best illustrated by English which
Britain Ireland. Australia New Zealand. South now has some kind of special
Africa several Caribbean countries and a sprinkling status In over seventy counteS
of other territories However. no language has ever
o been spoken by a mother tongue majority in more
• made
Secondly. a language can be
a ina country's
priority
than afew countries. so mother tongue use by itself foreign language teaching even
cannot give alanguage global status. To achieve though this language has no
such astatus. alanguage has to be taken upby official status There is a great
other countries around the word They must decide variation in the reasons for
togive it aspecial place within their communities. choosing a particular langua8e
even though they may have few (or no) asafavoured f
c. speakers they include historical tradition
There are two main ways in which this can political expediency and
be done. Firstly.a language can be made the the desire for commercial
of a country. to be used as a cultural or technological
medium of communication in such domains as contact
-
£ng.hes around the word
fpead the text again and explain the meaning of some expressions you have TEACHER
used to complete the text. .A official gt9 8a
loge thetis.gens sec.iel
a offeal language
leg stat.ind partied
b, first langua8e county± The le a
person h le med lroen birth
c. second language c.4lag9 o
d. foreign language tones
Te lane 9et
6. global status e.lt
f. non-native settings world j
import.oeoe4pees.abet d
4.a(Jtohae a
Complete the following sentences role
according to the text h()that the firsts an of
fir
1. Where would you place your
a. The condition for a language to be country in the model of the langoe by
from an early9et.L)the
gven the status of global language concentric circles referred to between
s in the text? Explain
• The difference between the status of 2. What about the borders of the
second language"or foreign language i6 circles, do you think they are
clearly defined or may there be
change from circle to circle?
e, Fluency and competence in a language does not
3. How are things bound
account for
to develop in the future
concerning the sprad of the
English language?
Distinctions such as those between first + The inner circle refers to the$.
second and foreign language status are useful but 6s of English where it is the primary langua8 It
4 we must be careful not to give them a simplistic includes the USA. the UK. Ireland. Canada
interpretation In particular it is important to avoid Australia al New Zealand
interpreting the distinction between se on an The outer circle involves the earlier phases of the
foreign language use as a difference in fluency or spread of English in h
ability. Although we might expect people from a the language has become part of a country'schief
so country where English has some sort of official institutions. and plays an important second
status to be more competent in the language than language"role in a multilingual setting. it includes
those where it is none. simply on grounds of greater Singapore. India Malawi and over fifty other
exposure. it turns out that this is not always so territories
We should note. for example. the very high levels of +Theexpanding circle involves those nations
% fluency demonstrated by a wide range of speakers which recognise the importance of English as an
from the Scandinavian countries and the l. .though they do not have a
Netherlands history of colonization by members of the inner
How then may we summarise this complex circle. nor have they given English any special
situation? The US linguist Bra KraChu has suggested so status. It includes China Japan. Greece, Poland and
oo that we think of the spread of English around the asteadily increasing number of other states In these
world as three concentric circles. representing areas. English is taught as a foreign language.
different ways in which the language has been
acquired and is currently used Cambridge Cambridge Unery Press,200.
ll aammarim
The passive
passive is used when we want to emphasise the action and not the doer, who may
TEACHER
l.A and• The doer is there
]be obvious, impersonal or irrelevant.
buttheactionishate want
to emphasise The doer is
(the action could only
be performed by official
.These are passive sentences taken from the text. Analyse them and discuss if
the passive is used because
entities bl legit lators)
D The doer is int rsonal (it we want to emphasise the action instead of the doer,
can be anyone.E The doer is
the doer is obvious, irnpersonal or irrelevant.
irrelevant (the important fact
is that English is taught and A.()no language has ever been spoken by a mother tongue majority in more than a
not by whorn few countries(_)"
lb.has invited/Foreign
()alanguage has to be taken up by other countries around the world"
ling ts heave been invited by
rolessor David Crystal to c.()alanguage can be made the official language of a country()
help hi with his nee
D()representing different ways in wtech the language has been acquired(_)"
chchae been
analysing/ The role of English E. ()English is taught as a foreign language
a«global lang 9ge hears been
analysed for+
scholars.de
by
/Should f Complete the sentences using one of the following verbs in the correct tense.
British English be con de red Then rewrite the sentene sin the passive The first one has been done as an
the st dardor just another example.
variety?e. study/English is
studied by children all oer the consider acknowledge + invite + make + hire
worldasa foreign Lang analyse + study + tse
f have made/ The teaching
of English has been made a Alrnost two b4on people at English as a foreign'anguage to communicate
compulsory.by sore
er0nets fro0nae%al
rgoo¢
Engh.s std as a foreign to nest¢ lrrest bg two blon people,
international corporations
b everyone
Bsh English the standard or just another
A It •
8. Subject + •
fThe impersonal passive structures are possible with the following verbs.
believe. consider, know. report. understand expect. allege, suppose,
say. think.
estimate, feel find. agree. arrange. decide
e people believe that the number of English varieties is increasing every day
Read each of the sentences below and decide which verb to use in each one.
Then complete each sentence using the correct form of the verb
help + teach + say • use
a. English to children around the wold fromn a very young.age
b, British pronunciation to be more ffeutt to understand
e. Mastering the English language is believed
communicate successfully
d. Mons 0f people are known English.as awording tool
LI uoomirsm
TEACHER
L.la. 3% 4
.You will hear five English speakers across the world answering the question
What English will we be speaking in the future ?
e.s4 er 7d. 3 (c-m0rs6
t t. 5
• 4
lathe future we will speak
Who mentions
$ S2 $3 S4 S5
Amnerni nEnglish la 99
of culture.arts, tech log¥ a the sort of (distinctive linguistic charactenstics that
commerce.trap0rt.ab0, make a variety unique
banking etc. British English
langgeof most published b the poss#bitty of there being.a sort of English which has
materials for le ming English no standard but an international intelligible version oft?
Amir of different varieties-
langge change from e. the original language is st a moGel to foll0w?
culture to culture
d. the poss#bitty of future English being.amoture of the
exsting varieties?
tan Vanietyin
e. the international pre0orNaCe o0facer
rnportat feldg
f Make a list (in note form) of all the scenarios for the future of the English
language you have just listened to. You may also think about other scenarios.
Share your list with other students in the class and come up with a single one
·1Speaking link
5-minute presentation:
The future of English
Go through the list you have completed on the previous
exercise and choose the one you most identify yourself
with
in10 minutes prepare a brief explanation defending your
point of view and the reasons why you believe the future of
the English language will be the stated one
present your point of view in class. You may use the
expressions below
' ---------------------------------------------------------------,
USEFUL LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
Listing your arguments
Expressing opinions: and summing up ideas
Expressing cause or resut
• Itink /1believe. • In the first place + First(y)
Asa result
• From my point of view + To begin with Second(v)
As far as Tm concerned Above all +Moreover
Because
It seems to me that_ To conclude • Finally
That's why
Inmy point of view Last but not least
Because of
So
Most importantly
£ng.he around the word
[ ne»as i
Mead the following text and put the paragraphs in the correct order TEACHER
bearing in rind the information given below. LC0AB
Age era introduction to Set the context where the action takes place 2le
2¢
Aintroduction to the story plot and the characters of the fimn
eAshort summary of the main events of the plot
g An opinion/'judge ent of the fin
.O=m~--
�
about tts general quality and tts
features the characters. what stands
Foot Journey becoIneS a
out. the message to be kept
story in which cultural
opposites not only learn
0
It contrasts the heat and
intensity of Indian
Zees people include one of the most talented young cooks in Europe. That cooking with the elegance
would be our protagonist. Hassan Kadam (Manish Dayal). who soon begins asly and refinement of French
flirtation with Le Sale Pleureur's beautiful sous-chef. Marguerite (Charlotte Le haute cuisine. then
Bon); she in turn introduces him to the venerable tradition of French cooking balances the two with.a
which he becomes determined to master feel-good lesson in ethnic
This antagonism gently mils all the expected stereotypes for humour and harmony
0
conflict the French are snobs with their haughty
manners and expensive food and they're deeply
affronted by the thrifty. tacky Indians with their Fleeing a tragic uprising in their native Mumbai for a
colourful clothes and loud music. But rather more idyllic life in Europe. the Kadamn family decide to
than lighting a fuse. this trauma is what begins open an Indian re taurant Unfortunately. they soon fid
to unite the Kadams and Madame Mallory that they have merely abandoned one war zone for
who soon realises that Hassan is not only an another as their scrappy new Maison Mumbai. with its
exceptional cook. but possibly the missing open-air seating and free-wandering chickens is soon
ingredient that could earn Le Sale pleureur locked in a fierce competition with the classy Michelin-
its second Michelin star starred establishment located just 100 feet across the
G
road That I ta urant. Le Sale Pleureur. is run by the
widowed Madame Mallory (Helen Mirren). an
In The Hunre-F
boot Journey. the Kadam unyielding perfectionist and proud defender of Gallic
famy. displaced from their native India tradition whose first glimps of her brown-skinned
settles in the picturesque village of Saint- neighbours prompts her to sniff Who are zees people?
Antonin-Noble-Val in the south of France
fNow analyse the tips below on how to organise a review looking at the text you
have studied on page 55as an example.
Ev luation
Ge your opinion/ dgerent
Context on the fin about ts ge neral
lt serves as a general introduCDon quality and#ts speerfc features
to set the context where the - the characters. what stands
action takes place or the relevant out. the message to be kept
topic tis going to be about Your review nary be po0SItve Or
0
neg.ate
APP nucro6
l eammar no
British and American pronunciation
·,
Each area of the English-speaking world has developed its own special • •
variety of English. The differenos concern vocabulary, grammatic.al
structure and pronunciation.
•••
@Let'sfocus on some pronunciation and accent distinctions between • •• • •
British and American English
• •
• in the table below. choose f the rule for pronunciation of Ar/ an At/
for Brtsh English (BrE) or American English (Ame) and put a tick in the
night column
1.2 Check the video to confrmn your answers and practise the
pronunciation on Doth varieties
• voeo4
TEACHER
l.land1BE ti.ahoys
in the middle position in pron d At Ao£Et"%
soe de at the end of word
he e.g.birth learn, work, germ, farm and after n"#ts
aasoft/d/in the mid
At the end of words. bet ntvoe
pronounced as //
orbeteen rand voe
2lb brochure/brochure
At the end of words. • 9arage'9fed.address
e.g. what,cut f· e.laboratory/
f.advert nent/
in the me pos/ton between two
vowels or be tween an ran a vowel
cont
/'controversyh enquyl •
/tl
e.g.Saturday, waiter, matter,at a,
what about, party, sort of, part of 20 «+
After an n"
@.g.centre, interview, internet Bitis.hand Aeicon
Al English words of two or more syllables have stress on one of the syllables. In
BrE and Ame the same word can be stressed differently.
2. Use the dictionary to help you find where the stress falls in the fol0 Ang words
in both pronunciations. The stressed syllable is indicated by the symbol placed
mnmediatly before tt
• laboratory
f. acer
tserent
$ 0ontr0er9y
2.2Check the video to Confmn your answers a0d practise the pron
CLaDion on Doth'
vanieties
Huckleberry Finn is the main character of the farnous novel by Mark Twain. Through
his eyes we see the American South its faults. and its redeeming qualities. Hucl'g
companion, Jin. a runaway slave, provides friends.hip and protection while the two
journey along the Mississippi ona raft
.We find differences in English not only between varieties from different
countries but also within the same country. The USA is a clear example.
• ea the fal excerpt of the novel aloud to aco ledge the ferenes in pronunciation
1.2 ewrte rt n standard English
No. he haint" Tom says it's all there yet - six thousand dollars and more
and your pap haint ever been back since. Hadn't when I come away. anyhow"
Jim says. kind of solemn
He ain't a-comin back no mo' Huck
says
why. Jim?
Nermine why. Huck - but he hain't comin back no mo"
But Iept at him so at last he says
Doan' you 'member de house dat was floar 'n down de river. en dey wua
man in dah kivered up en I went in en unlivered him an didn' let you come in
Wel den you kin git yo'money when you wants it. kae dat wuz him"
[L venatr
The use of all
Mead the rules for the use of all and choose the correct sentence according to
each rule.
• The noun we use after all" (decides the • By the end of the book. al the characters is happy
number of the verb (t can be singular or b. By the end of the book. al the criminals was arrested
plural) e. By the end of the book. al the danger was over
•
4009#0 DISAPPEARS
i !g '. ,11 EVERY W(BIS
ENGLISH 0e
Look at the pyramids depicting the world language hierarchy today and
predictions for 2050 and
a explain the main changes predicted in the next 30 years
b say what may be the factors that influence those changes
6l
7
-
TEACHER
Grana
i.Complete the text with the following verbs in the active or passive form
la.playsh.is leant
6.isseendusede.wee
po duoedf.has meant
use + remain + learn + see + teach
remains.his.taught produce + mean + play
la.are tobeh.is D a I t-an international
tte"""""
said towoke.will beaked
English is hugely mnportant as an international language anda
3.la
3.7¢ anmoortant part even n countoes where the u has nestonca boo
ttb_ as the principal for tgn language in most schools in We tern
Europe. Its also an essential part of the curriculumn in faflung places lie Lapan and South
laAl countries.in the Korea andc. lions of speakers in China prior to
as desirable by
wold(JbAhelot4is
l the whole/entire word(J wwt. most teaching of English as a for4gr language d. Bntrs.t
c.English is so spread that it Englirshas its model. and textbooks and other educational resources e.
• for everyone(J in the UK for use overseas Th reflected the UK's cultural dominance and#ts perceted
ownership"of the English Language. Since 1945, however, the increasing economic power
of the USA and ts unraalled influence in popular cult'uret that
lesteinteratvo Amenican English has become the reference point for learners of English in places lie
professor/aluno
Japan and even to a certain extent in some European countries. Betesh English
g. the model inmost Commonwealth countries where Englirs.
h_asase ondlanguage. However.as the story of English has
shown this situation may not last indefttel
wwwbit ( darted)
i4up.t204
eComplete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence,
using
te"8n- use between two anad tour worsts, inclocirs the word srven
a people believe that a the varieties of English are acceptable variations. (to)
Al the varieties of English
b Everyone says that English works as alink between different cultures.. (said)
English asalink between afferent cultures.
c. They will ask Davi Crystal to make a spee hat the conference. (asked)
Davi1Crystal tomake a speech at the conference
31 in which of these words don't we drop the sound Ar/i Bets English?
a read b work c.clever
32in which of these words do we rop the sound At/ in Amnenican English
b attc
i The following sentences are wrong. identify the mistakes and rewrite them correctly.
a Al of the countries in the world w eventually learn English as a foreign language
b After World war ll. al the world acknowledged the USA as a powerful nation
c. Englishis so spread that tis available for all who wants to learn tt
-
English in the world
Each variety of English represents a country, a flag, a nationality,
a culture,a people and a history
in small groups do some research about one of the following varieties referring to:
+ the historical background and#ts relation to the
English langua8
+ whether English is spoken as a fest, second
or foreign language
the nurnber of s0eat 'S,
+ other languages spoken in the country,
+ the economic and political status of the country
celebrities or historical personalities of the country
+ interesting cultural aspects
. .. . .. . .. . .. .
examples of works of literature written in
English by authors of these countries
·.·.·.·.
,,
+ the main unique features of the English .
variety spoken
ln small groups do some research about new words that have entered the English language
in the last decade.
+ Their origin
The lexical area they are use1in
+ examples Of us.age
'
'
Forrest Gump
ECTOR c:r t
TEACHER
t Title. Forrest Gum RELEASE DATE
Director. Robert Zeme
etea we date: 6Jut I994
Cast Torm Harles, Sally wLE VOA WATCH
field. Robin Wright Gary
SiniseOeore Dara
Running tire I42 4nin
fThe film takes place between the 1950s and 1990s - a period of major changes
Awards. Academy Awards
in the USA and the wider world
Oscars for Best Picture, 2 Watch the fr and identity the scenes/characters/circumstances where the
Best Actor ina let ding role
following issues are shown (some of thern rather imnplctty') or how the nan
(lorn Hanks Best Director
obert Zemeckis) Best character gets involvedn them
2
Screenplay bered on 22Do sore eSearch to find out more info4naDion about the historical events below So
previ sly publ h +d
material (Arthur Schmidt that you can place them in trmne and identfy than II -
Best effects/visual effects
en Rals n.George Murphy ----------
----------------- ,-----------------------------------------,
TORAL and POLITICAL ASPECTS E
•
gOCAL.eA CULTURAL. ISSUES
•l
the Cf war
• •
Best Drector. Best Actor, } A discrimination t the Ku /Klux Klan l
Best Motion Picture- • •,
bitibet rs e EsPresley
Dara. etc •
e child abu e d the Presidents of the USA John Kennedy
i
•[
•} university access a, the Vietnarn War
•j
Solubee 2
•}«
. segregation
t desire for tare ·--
lg the need for heroism and
t the presidents of the USA chard Npeon
s. the Hippie Movement
the presidents of the USA Lyndon
.
j
•[
we"moron
Look at the people on the left and match them wth ther
inventions which apparently have core to star¥
Citizenship and
multiculturalisml
how to:
identify and describe human rights' violations
interpret the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights
express ideas about the UDHR
distinguish between immigration policies
write anews report
identify migration types
discuss reasons for immigration
write an exposition
exploit videos
describe pictures
role-play a dialogue
build a class debate
hwto use
the gerund and the to-infintve
subject-verb inversion
• suffocation
inversion in conditional Cla0SeS
E=EE
Citizenship and
multiculturalism
r •
6
• • I
TEACHER @watch the video The History of Human Rignits
Ila.Cyrus. the Great
oonqu red Babylon and
-Voros =
%
released the slaves.b Th • What do these dates tefer to concerning
MagnaCartawe siled in the dewloprent of a hurnan nights"
England e, The British BAL 0ons0Io0SneSS
ofkehtswe issued
d.America 8. 5398c
independencee. French
Europe.g. Mahatma
Gandhi led inlode
h.Hiler cons red power in
Germany i The UNears
es blishedj The ti we
signed
.2 Although the Universal Declaration of Murnan Rights (up) has been in e0stenoe
12Theright to fo d/helter
fin de of speech the night for over 60 years. there are st nights that are being violated today.Find Out 4 0f
to the bi.hnent those nights as stated in the video
of slavery
1.3 Why haven't the nights enshrined in the Up been respected?
13(lb resp ting the
rights in the de laration is not .4 What's the message we get at the end of the video?
alaw butan 0pion.a
res 2bt
14l4nan rights start with
f mead the articles of the UDHR.
us.whoever we are.whenever 2 Workoingin small groups. discuss world events or situations that depict clear
we le violations of each of the articles (past or present)
iuMN
opinion() rest and leisure. including reasonable
Article% Noone sba]l be held in limitation of working hours asod
slavery or servitude slavery adtbe periodic holidays with pay
RIGHTS
slave trade sball be prohibited in all Article 26 (Everyone bas the
their forms night to education Education sbal
Article$ No one sbal be subjected be free. at least in the elementary
to torture or to cruel. inhuran or and fundamental stage Element.a¥
t
degrading treatment or punishment. education shall be corp.loony
I n
Human rights for all
Eh»at
Mead the following headlines taken from the British Press and identify the TEACHER
human rights being violated in the stories behind them A Article 6 Article 24
Crt ie 2and 26.D Article I8
E.Article 4 and SF. Article l
¢Article 8
• Sudanese woman who married a personal a ers
non-Musllm sentenced to death
A Chinese Bank On the
wwwliltooelZte
c. Bolivia's child labour law Regulator Dies pt
follow the link for the video
of the 30 human nights. which
shames us all. Children From Working of today's
aged just 10 are now
permitted to work
Overtime
e Human trafficking unit reveals
• NIGERIAN IS LOCKED DP AFTER three women rescued after
SAYING HE IS AN ATHEIST 30 years as slaves
tant their
c. which causes the celebrities below have embrace and howl9Or
contribution has Deen
Cries of freedom
Enslaved
Read the poem by Claude McKay Oh when I think of my long-suffering tac
TEACHER
and discuss: For weary centuries, despised, oppressed
l.a Aback person
Note. Stud ts sh ldr fuse a. who ther might be Enslaved and lynched. denied a human place
the terms negr0 nigger or b the connotation of the words used ln the great life line of the Christian West
coloured which.are cone de red And in the Black Land disinherited
to describe how his race has been
connected toy lenoe treated Kobbed in the ancient country of its birth
My heart grows sick with hate becomes as lead
c. his fe lings towards the
behare.le feels hatred
and revoltd Revenge mistreatment of his race for this my tact tlat has no hone on eat
e. White men t. All the d. his wishes for the oppressor, I hen from the dark depths of my soul[cry
counties that once had
slaves. for example the USA a who the oppressor might be, To the avenging angel to consume
Portugal Spain The white man's world of wonders utterly
f. which country/countries we Can
icanseeablack me on Let it be swallowed up in earth s vast womb
associate the situation depicted
the floor being whipp d there Or upward roll as sacrificial smoke
are sore black people in with (past or present)
To liberate my people from its yoke!
chains+ itching#t sore other
black people wording a black lade Mey.ilea She (d
gil that seems to beaner /nice9or let tho.lee
Dover hos Delo
for«white beby ad there is.a
white farniywho seem lie
they are enjoying the show
they are
ob vingwhat must
be the punishment of a slave
f Bearing the poem in mind, look at the painting by Marcel Verdier and answer
the questions.
22lefact that it is.a black
mar whip hgablack slave 2. Describe the scene depicted in the painting
Tht we quite atypical
2.2lsthere anything unexpected in the scene you have just described? Explain
0cue0eat pl0ti00
Therewssa rigid hierarchy ad 2.3Howls the idea of power and oppression conveyed in the posture and attitude of
some slaves.were ordered to the people depicted in the painting
whip other slaves or else they
would get thens.N 2.4 lsthere a theme connecting the painting and the poem you have read above?
4Theunlair treatment of
one race by another
co-mors e 4
c.Saud rabid iorthores
e. lureyf Austral Furey
t. Answer the questions a-h by wring tenare Of the counties men booed above h North ores
2.North ores article 11S
Where 24. Turley arti le 12. I8
a. can we stir find people working and ling in inhurnan conditions Qatar article 224
b has there been sexual abuse of fern.ales by governmental authotte ?
articles12S
Saud Arabiar ar le L2
c. are women for
Dien to Carry out sore ally act1ties 3. Pers
d. is torture st used on a regular basis?
which country would you say is furthest away from the values and principles of
the UpH? Explain
Els»oars
Oral presentation I
Look at the pictures depicting clear violations
'
of human rights. Choose one of the pictures
t
and prepare a five minute presentation
referring to:
whatwecan see in the picture
the hurnan night being violated
the article in the Up? where that night
ls referred to
which protects re sp t for freedom of thought group of people apart from the society they live in
2
Ecoose the correct option. TEACHER
3 Whatis the general purpose of the text ? 3.%
3.2%
a. To engage us in a story
4.band uphold.c. to the
b To inform us of certain facts detnin of4I0d went into
c. To evaluate a0dge an 0pin'NOL effect t 6I/e. bid 2I
f. A2taken into
3.2 Hows that purpose mainly accomnolrshed? t3call into
a. By reporting angles on a newsworthy event
«u »ion t 38
S.a the Euro Court of
b. By explaining causes and effects lluran ghtsh. hears upheld
e. By arguing for a point of vew afnenchlwb the
earing of the full face veil
c. Strasbourgd Jut 204
E rod out in the text: .a toacoepl nt
a. asynonym for prohibition (headline); byaFrench
gt4lag edin face in
baverb that means supports a decson" (headline); 200 that prob.b teed Marlin
aneroresson tat.me"en harm or damese to someone" «oanasnarn : men to useful-face veil
d. an expression that means t «gntoapply or use"(paragraph 2)
« anoun that is a synonym for effort or proposal (pa. graph 3) of st nding
peed la
f. averb meaning violate(paragraph 3
6.3lo The fest one. the
s an expression meaning considered particular facts when making a decision" of the French
(paragraph 4) ornneent ad the Eu y
Court.which supp rted the
h. an expression meaning make people doubt(paragraph4) bean or purl
the second the French
read the lead paragraph of the text and find out information to complete the ad the he rights.group
following table with the basic inforrnation of the news item Lb tysview which see the
banadirnin i
omen
6.4 Te Court's
hold that the vel pee ts
pope roe social interaction
a0dopeninterpersonal
4 without it
popewoe so le more
easily The states the
not wearing the veil
isgoing to.isolate a group of
[Answer the following questions about the text. people froen
6.1 ldentty the event that brought about
atrial in the European Court of Murnan Rights
6.2Why wasn't the woman who brought the 1. Think of two reas ns why some people
would wis.h women to wear veus and
complaint to court named?
two reasons why people would disagree
6.3 iowmany angles 0n the Issue are shown in the with women wearing veils. Explain
text? Summanse them
2. Which view do you personally agree
6.4 Explain the contradiction between the Court's justfcaton to with? why?
uphold the law and the last sentence of the text You are setting
3. Do you agree that the French law doesn't
a whole group of people apart from the society they le in" br ach the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights, namely articles8,9
and14? Justify
73
L voe»our
TEACHER phrasal verbs based on bring and set
la bring up setting
apet
.Complete the sentences with the missing phrasal verbs, according to the
meaning in brackets
fin making
doers de .raised The woman argued ttat the law (raises) the issue of
f.die regarded. departed dscnrnination based on ge nder, lgion and ethnic origin"
h triced delay[pn ted
uploutc.about
d back (making ther different) from the society they live in,"
4.bringsbsete.sets • Go back to the text to check your answers
d will set
fead the sentences using phrasal verbs based on bring and set and replace
thermn with a verb from the list,soas tokeep the same meaning.
present + raise • attract + disregard + trick
..
cause + succeed + delay persuade + depart
4PP nut es
- st brought up in unacceptable conrtons
a The young Muslimn had been brought by aFrench Catholic foster family
b in her written statement. the Mus.lrn w0raget her reasons for not
Use a dictionary to complete the sentences with a suitable form of bring or set.
a The debate over the banning of vets back the issue of cultural divide
b The worn.an decided to up anew business where she cou we.ar
her vel freely
e. You must admit that theed Musa woren apat frorn other woren
the Mus.limn community against other religious groups.
l eammar no
The gerund and the to-Infinitive
Elmeserunaz-is form and the to+ introit"e
not vert tenses but vert
in specific grammatical contexts. They cannot be used after a subject,
forms used
- -
The gerund, or ing forris a verbal form which is used
ate
or
Banning the vet has Women risk being The poss#bitty of She appreciated his/him
nothing to do wrth arrested f they banning the veil has been h loping her at court
equality disobey the law discussed in the UK
NOTES:
The most common verbs followed by the gerund are: aodrtt. appreciate. avoid consider.deny.cir.e. enjoy,
finish.ge up. cant help. imagine. involve. keep. mention. mind.miss. postpone. practise. res#st.risk.can't stand
ggest.
Aliphaasaverbs are followed by the gerund Sher never ge up fighting for her nights.
The gerund also follows to whenttis used as a preposition in expressions le look forward to object to
prefer.to be used to.
• The gerund is also used after the_epeessons rt'soouse_rt'sno good t An't worth
The negative is formed by using the negatve adverb not before the verb form She admits not we ring the
vet in certain cir'cur7Sta0eS
--
The to-infinitive is used
to puny afar cert rt afer
The French woman did The woran refused Her attitude encouraged n
Sore Mus.hr woren
tt to nae a point to accept the Court's other women to step feel they are not free to
ruling thernseves
NOTES:
The most common verbs followed by the to-nfvtve are: afford agree. arang ask choose. decide, expect
fall. happen hope. intend, lean. manage. offer. plan prepare. pretend. promise. refuse. seem tend want
Common verbs which take anobiect folio red by the to-nfitve are advise. allow. ask. encourage. expect
forbid force, help rtte. persuade. remind. teach, warn
The negative is formed by using the negative adverb not before the verb form They arsed her to wear the
vet under no CircunS
ta0eS
@Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets in the gerund or the TEACHER
to-infinitive. ltoseel not toge
• fightingd Having
a. Every minority expects (see) their culture and values respected
b. It should be unacceptable (not give) people the chance to
express themselves freely
e. No one should give up (fight) for their nights as enshrineqin the
declaration
(ave)free iomn of religion and expressions 0e of those
ll aammarim
TEACHER f]Match the two halves of the sentences below so that they make
l. toswpport5h. to male l grammatically correct
c. living7d having3e. to end4
leavingh to fightc. taling a. Amnesty international agreed • their own choices
dtohavee.to overcome b. Mu rn women Shod be 2.under stet liglours
.lot being toread allowed constraints
ctonamed promoting
e.toans erftocreate e. Some French people can't 3.left out her narne to avoid an¥
• Standigh respecting agree with the woran retaliation
having er
d The woran a0rnNtteCd 4. discrimination based or ge
6. She laired that she just wanted the French woran
f Complete the sentenc .with a suitable verb from the ones given. There are
two extra verbs you do not need to use.
have + warn + fight + overcome
give + leave + tal
a Bena Btutto the fst fernale present of palest.an, was kled after
her party's last rally in Rawalpinon in 2007
b Lech Walesa1sa former Pre sent of Polan who coin0eS
the nights of workers.
e. Olaudah Equtan was the fst black African slave who nsled
about his epeen0e a a $la0e
d. Shinin Ebadi is an Iranian judge and lawyer.She fought for the night for women
aleg.al career in ran
a. Desmond Tutus a South African act4st who has campaigned on a wide range of
hurnan#tartan issues. seeking racism, sexism. homophobia AIDS
and poverty
'
factsh. dfferent a l
@Based on your analysis on page 73 complete the definition of the genre below.
Anewsreportisa text whose general purpose#Stoa
It accomplishes this purpose by reporting. 0n iting genres
newsworthy event a0recounting events not structure/in time. Its usually written
by a journalist and can be found in a newspaper or mag.a.ine
fNow analyse the tips below on how to organise a news report looking at the text
you have studied on page 72as an example.
------
EUROPEAN COURT OF OUN IGITS UOLIS TRON'I BAN ON FL!-ICE YOILS He $line
-
-o-- _ --
Write an eye-catching
-.. - -- -·
_____
0-
Lead paragraph of and usually short
- ---- - ---
0
Wrte.aparagraph -f
sentence to nae
whichgvesan
,, •
rea0ers CuniOuS about
the topic
a
-
information on the o
heh
•
story. who. wtat
he
where, when wtry or
-- --
h
howt happened
--
%
--
-·-------- ---
------
--• ... -- -
- - -----•-
0
_,., I --
Body text/Angles
+ Develop the information Use direct speech for
PP aces
+
fGoback to page 69. Choose one of the headlines given and write a
news report onit.
LI uoomirsm
TEACHER .Listen to the song by Beyonce and complete it with the mi sing verbs.
la lefth. rememl c-moo
c.forgetdlivede loved
f. thought.knowh. died
lmeant[touched made
lsee
I WAS HERE
8Everyone should male a I wanna le.ave my footprints on the $a0d 0ftrne
difference in the world.(J Know there was soething tat0eant so0nething
for the good deeds they heave That la. behind
done to help other pe pl When leave this wrid fie.ave noregrets
c(/by doing our best to bring
others sore Leave something to0b
3 So they won'te.
Troll
ol Iwashere.Id
eeneie. Degree in
Iwas here
Cormeroe and Political
$ noedSafety of women aid tve done everything that l wanted
and their night to full And tt was more than1t
par boip rtione. The first Arab lwii leave my ark so everyone will$.
wornatowinaiobet Peace
Pre in 20ll Iwas here
lien Sirleaf want to say lived each day until
a. I938b. Lbe ion And know that Ii something.in somebody's rte
[all
0a A
pe 09en
Accounting degeein The hearts/havej w be the proof tat leave
Econori and in That I.
Public Administrationd The
end of corr pti hand the civil
war inLiberise The worlds Fink about the message implied in the song and discuss:
first el ted black fer ale
a whuat tat message is;
p dent and liobet Peace
pre in 20ll b what people nary be rerernbered for,
Lu lab "a I9SS. Chinese c. howwe can make a difference in the world
Degree in Literature ad
Philen phyd Amore open
and der atic Chinae. The fNowlisten to these four true stories of people who have fought and still fight
first Chinese to win.a Nobel everyday to make a difference. Complete the table b low.
Peace Prize in 20.l0 while [c-moss44
serving4jail sentence
a. date of beth
b. nationality
e. eucation
d. cause he/she stands for
«. achievements/awards
TEACHER
IIApoor girl woring i
l he lo shops with
indoor bonabout which
one is lorblc
Champions of people ad which is for
human rights white people C The inside
of the bu where there is.a
wnatearealorwhe
Look at the images and answer the following people only
questions. 12A.in lode.in South
Mrica (until the I990/C l
• What can you see in the pictures? the USA lentil the 19604
.2 When an where may these stuaions have happed? 134ate Swstem is the
way the lodes is
1.3Look at the captions of the pictures what do you know h march lly organ ged
about the words/expressions. ? Ag rhteid wars alegal
of segregation
1.4 Are they st to be found today?
cs%wow.
nagen to thee
1.s Do you know any historical figure that fought against
of p ate public places
these segregating systems ? who?
for white ad coloured
pope tobein ore
Look at the men in the pictures b low and say. L4Yes the caste syst min
led is stilinue
a their nares a0d national/es
I The personalties.in2Z
b which of the above situations you associate them with landhohatra Gandhi
lode.A Martin Luther
King Jr.Aenerie C Nelson
Mandela South African. B
2% al 1948
lawyer.to freeld
from British ruled through
nor¥le t
e.le hedame.or role in
mkingioda
try.Masse mated in
I948leis revered as the
father of theled Nation
%. 1929-1968
e.the
• their ion9or
ta0Ce and achievement.S.
f. how they died
Mou are going to read a text about Barack Obama. The beginnings of each
Page I94cont.) paragraph have been removed from the text. Choose from sentenoisA H the
d. first pe fully. tho ugh one which fits each gap
bot ts strikes ad civil A. After Law school. Obama returned to Chicago to practice as a cv nights lawyer,
drobe die nce.later through
armed conflict«e le freed in2004 Obama was elected to the US Senate as a Democrat
a
in Honolulu. Hawaii His mother. Ann Dunham. grew maternal grandparents. His mother and sister Later
upin Wichita.Kansas. where her father worked on joined them
oil rigs during the Great Depression Barack Obama's c.
father. Barack Obama Senior. was born of Luo excelling in basketball and graduating with academic
o ethnicity in Nyanza Province. Kenya Obama Sr grew honors in 1979.As one of only three black students at
up herding 8oats in Africa. eventually earning a the school Obama became conscious of racism and
scholarship that allowed him to leave Kenya and what it meant to be African-American Obama also
pursue his dreams of college in Hawaii struggled with the absence of his father who he saw
While studying at the University of Hawaii in only one more after his parents divorced when
Manoa Obama Sr met fellow student Ann Dunham Obama Sr visited Hawaii for a short time in1o
and they married on February 2.1961. Barack was Obama Sr died on November 24, 198.2 when Barack
born six months later was2years old After high school Obama studied at
•
his parents divorced in March 1064. when he was2
Occidental College in Los Angeles for two years with
«o the help of scholarships and student loans He then
years old In1965. Dunham mar Tie Lolo Soetoro. an transferred to Columbia University in New York
Eagt-West Center student from Indonesia A year graduating in 1983 with a degree in political science
later the family moved to Jakarta Indonesia where After working in the business sector for two years
Barack.'s half-sister Maya Soetoro Ng. was born Obama moved to Chicago in108. There. he worked
Several incidents in Indonesia left Dunham afraid «s on the South Side as a community organiser for
2for her son's safety and education so, at the age of 0 low-income residents in the Roseland and the Alt'geld
Barack was sent back to Hawaii to live with his Gardens communities
80
d. seond printing in 2004. and was adapted for a
The next year he met Michele Robinson. an children's version The 2006 audiobook version of
o associate at the Chicago law fm of Sidley Austin Dreams. narrated by Obama received a Grammy
She was assigned to be Obama's adviser during
.a so Award (best spoken word album)
summer internship at the firm and not long after $.
the couple began dating Their first kiss took place was published in October 2006. The work discussed
outside of a Chicago shopping center - where a Obama's visions for the future of America. many of
s plaque featuring a photo of the couple issing was which became talking points for his eventual
installed more than two decades later. in August e presidential campaign Shortly after its release. it hit
2012. In February 1990. Obama was elected the first No.Ion both the New Yonke Times an Amazon
COIT
African-American editor of the Harvard Law eview best-seller hists
He graduated from Harvard. mag.na cum Laude (with h
to very great honor). in 1991 representing Illinois. and he gained national attention
e. oo by giving.arousing and well-received keynote speech
joining the firm of Miner Barnhill & Galland He also at the Democratic National Convention in Boston
taught part-time at the University of Chicago Law In 2008 he ran for President. and
School (1992-2004) -- first as a lecturer and then as a despite having only four years of
6 professor - and helped organise voter registration national political experience,
drives during Bi Clinton's 1992 presidential he won In January 2009. he
campaign On October 31002. he and Michelle were was sworn inas the44
married They moved to Kenwood. on Chicago's president of the United
South Side, and welcomed two daughters several States. Never before had an
o years later. Malia (born 1998) and Sasha (born 200I) African-American been
t. oo elected to that position
Dreams From My Father. A Story of Race and Obama was reelected to
Inheritance. in 1095. The work received high praise geond term in
from literary figures like Toni Morrison and has November 2012
since been printed in10 language including
Chinese. Swedish and Hebrew The book had a
[sen the text to find more formal synonyms for the following words TEACHER
(paragraphs 4-9) 21%
21%
[0ooh. 3.ae ling30%. sector
•�--------- 43le.l
dpraise73e.rousin
·A48
c. needy 90
8
[ no»as i
TEACHER eread the text and put the places where Obama lived in chronological order,
4. -place of birth referring to their importance in his life.
lat where they moved
towhen his mother neonarnied
Adverbs can also be placed at the beginning of the sentence, which implies some changes in
structure the inversion of the subject.
Weuse the inversion for general emphasis of the adverb which is usually negative in meaning
The structure of an interrogative sentence is used An atiliay verb always cores before the subje t
Never had an African
American been elected to that position
Not since his childhood has Obama returned to Hawaii
Under no circumstances can we deny Obama's popularity
arely do we have the chance to isit the White House
fick()the sentences which do not contain inversion. lot fora moment do let
to say th Ob mas strateg
a Nowhere ave we seen a p0tcal career develop as fast as Carn\'$ aerongc.At no tire dd
b Never give up If you want to be rererbereasafn Jorn fighter elisten toat lle
0b naslo gural. on
e. Hardly anyone approves of laws that discriminate against minonttes. 0leery 2009 4. Little do
d. Seldom do we see such a chantsmatic personalty elow about the p at'g
gt nda after Christmas
e. Selk ndoe see
fewrite the sentences with a similar meaning beginning with the pole onleire
word/phrase in brackets.
a A biography 0fa present as never been gen p05ltve reviews. (never before)
b. Ion't want to say that Obama's strategies are wrong (not for a moment)
e. Obama's inaugural Address on 20# la0a 2009 was unique. (at no tire)
There isn't much information about the resident's agenda after Christmas (ittie)
fNow analyse the tips below on how to organise a biography looking at the text
you have studied on pages80-81as an example.
Orientation
BARACK OBAMA
le 0it.4.,ofL
fe you are going to
A
es0nboe in general te0TS Lee4 a
-----
6.
(you may refer to name,
nationality. occupation
achieverents or other Sort
---
0. i4
4h
o"
-ea4 e-
A 0
----
lo4eei4 oh6.
we de le cocoa
0 lei
CS%, le
---
boa alee
• eL-Ai-
---- ----
h$ah lee4 el4
el Le •
LC iiee-
LL
lie%be ii4
e e.it} a 4
i
b4le
a']
Stages
Describe the stages on the person's life Speerfc tee needs to be indicated
following the tone sequence of the souse preposition of tine a0I ate$
events. referring to and 0ornoneting Verb tenses are many use in the past
on the main events an achievement.S Use tone words and express0nS Suh
peter to beth family. education as before. at that time. earlier, during
relationships. children. achievements mneawtie, while.in the mea0tone. aS
career, 0death. etrerent or present soon as. after, afterwards. when. then
fe later. by the time_
APP nucros fGo back to pages 78-79. Choose one of the personalities you talked about and
write a biography about him/her.
2.1
Sociocultural content Le
.2b
L.Bearing in mind what you have learned in this unit, chooe the correct option from the 1.3%
ones given I4a
The universal Declaration of Murnan Rights is 1.5%
a aworldwide legally accepted docurent ttuat every country lves by 16%
b alist of basic nights that every country can choose to apply .Te
c. auniversal statement of the nights every hurnan beings entitled to I8c
1.9
l2 Which of the statements is true concerning the nights enshrine(in the Declaration
a They should be respected only by the countries who have signed rt
b We should all be responSOle for tern to be respected everywhere
c. Some of therm may be ignored so that cultural values are preserved
13 Forbidding Muslimn women fromn weaning the futface veil or bur0as
sally-a0oepp/emeasure to prevent sonionnaDon
a. aunver
b arecently approved law in France
c.away to help Musarn woren ft in with western soCety
14 Tawakkol Karman and Ellen Johnson Srleaf have
a fought for the night of women to fully participate in society
b helped free their country from oppressive regimes
c. been imprisoned for their protests against hurnan nights'violations
1.5 Malala Yous.afza/ was shot because
a she was riding the bus to school
b she publicly defended the night of education for all
c. her father had founded a school for girts in pakostan
16 The best def#ton of Apartheids
a a policy of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race.
bageneral fr ing of racism against native black South Africans
c.away of ke »ping afferent traditions alee
17 Gant
a aways/vein id.a
h organised violent protests across ind.a
c. studied and worked abroad before becoming a nationalist le.aer
18 Martin Luther King and Gant
a both studied law
h both fought for the independence of ther country
c. were both kied for the ideals they defended
19Nelson Mandela
a encouraged an armed confiet to end Apartheid
b was the fest Lawyer to open a black law practice in South Africa
c. spent hs whole fe in prison
TEACHER
Grana i Match the two halves of the sentences using the verbs in the gerund or the to-infinitive
l.a.ch ngSl not going so that you can have me ul, correct sentences
ningt
8c.volunteering 7d. not
having.Sc. having2f. to a otgkc us extremists will go on
go out.3 hing.4
h being l h My friend John admits
la.L)has an African- e ThekMter thanked the young men
without covering their heads
Arner been elected for
h(are politi nsars
ppularae re dent dtf you entered a Mosque, you would
4. the fir about Mada
0 mac.()do hwant to appreciate
persuade you to vote for hi
net timed(did/low e. No one should be denied chase
Ltie
e. The president of the USA doesn't gt our country very often
0n no saint
Vocabul y
Complete the sentences with the prepositions given
Eluaa
.Analyse the graph below and match the statements with each type of migration
SE
, ,I' -I
=[ - 1 I
I
I
urban to0rural se al periodic between between
fetrerent ho#day sir ila dis 7
back to nature employment travel Counties
elf w le bran drain'
cottag of sdied
won e000ofTl
habit.aton of
tar havens"
bean drain the emntgration of highly trained or int llgent people (such as
doctors. engin rs, writers, scent9ts) from a par0ula County
0flan Lonon Lo
arhavens -counties where ta00es 0n1 pe0500all in00re are lo llnan m fed
f. Since the tsunami, many people are striving.in shelters. temporary housing or other
sorts of borne-0nae shelters
•
•
. • ).
87
LI uoomirsm
TEACHER
ll.a. waitr b. the
.You will hear four people talking about their immigration experiences in the
USA Complete the table while you listen. The words/expre sions in the boxes
langgZ.a. hotel manager may help you
bf hion %
waiterb. the food4.a maid co-moss «s
fashion the traffic
being hore ck working hours
Ls»oars
Role play
.You would like to get some experience working abroad and want to apply for
a job you have seen advert ed in the paper. Discuss with your best friend
whether this may be a good option to start your career. Develop a dialogue
using the arguments in the boxes below.
'
--------------------------------- -.
': USEFUL LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
:
: Commenting:
'' It'sclear that
'' • It's lucky that
If you ask me.
'' • Fortunately/Unfortunately.
+
3 I
\
[ me»as i
SCHE
movement of people and
b the origin of the narne Schenge n
in theareawith no
formality.d Sore e. changes brought about by the agr ment
Eury ncountries le the
d. probable drawbacks in practice
UKare not in the Sch g
are8and sore which aredo 1.2 Do you agree wrth a policy of immigration
not belong to the EU as that stated in the video, where there is
1personal answer free moverent of people wth no special
Page 9l formality?
3.le
3A.7¢
fpead the text to check the author's opinion on the issue
a. To engage us in a story
b To inform us of certain facts.
c. To evaluate a0dge an 0pin'NOL
oat"wacanoe
a. By recounting events not structured in time
b. By explaining causes and effects.
e. By arguing for a point of vew
••
[ no»as i
$$htseems.asif they are not 6.4 Clantfy how a meritocratic society would help younger ge nerations
open to the world ad irnose 6.s Watrs the impression gven by European rnmnigration police to the rest of the
barriers based on other
world?
people's origin
6.&The night immigration 6.6 Would a afferent rnrnigration policy improve the Betesh image ?
policy would bring the night
people to Britain, fight
.he
Word formation- suffixation
suffixes in the table below are used to change a word into a noun.
• Complete each column in the table wrth one word from the text on pages 90-91
(check your appendox for more common noun suffers)
-
L.2 Think of another example for words butt by adding the same guff
ant -do
• b €. d 6
3. 4certainly AS
t. respectful
simply A4l property Al
currently429 clerly36
fWecan build adverbs by adding the suffix -ly to an adjective. Make a list of six ete
[Use the word given in brackets to form a word that fits in the space (check your
appendix for more suffixes). The first one is done as an example.
a. international companies are finding.rt i4log mnportant to hire foretg
workers (increase)
b /can't believe you are leaving for Sweden! (actual)
e. inmy opinion its trying to find ust one answer because people
emigrate tor efferent reasons (use)
d. tt'snot that people should be forced to leave their counties and
lvein affeuit conditions ( )
e. Learning a new language sh0MW5a to succeed in the new Country
( ring.)
APP nucr on
ll aammarim
Conditional clauses
TEACHER
Econartore cl.at express actions resulting from a previous condition
They are usu ty introduced by if or unless. They come before or after
L.A. future piss.ibdirty. po nt
the main clause depending on the speakers or writers emphasis
single + future single
• hypothetic l po nt
situation past single +would @ Read the sentences below and explain
my
ff
Sadin frand
,,
e. lhave good career prospects in my country sol have never thought about working
abroad
d. European countries signed the Schengen agr ment. so my Italian friends were able
to move here very ears.ll
oenhies
ff European
a lrnmtgration policier are not talent-based that's why they sometimes feel so unfair
firriortion pdes
Inversion in conditional clauses
informal English, a conditional clause can begin with the auxiliary forms should,
were to or ha and omit if from the sentence. in this case the subj¢ tand the
lad the irrigation
auxiliary verb are inverted
authoniesown.about the
f European immigration policies are less strict, Should European mnmntgration policier be less
tt wit be easier for people to work abroad w
stnct it be ease for people to work abroad
lf the world economy irnproved.inonigra on Were the world economy torn0roe,
TYpE2
rates would go down significantly rnrnigration rates would go down significant
f some countries had ckc ed their doors, Had sore counties closed their 000rS
refugees wouicin't have had anywhere to go refuge rs wouicin't have had anywhere to go
Thesis called inversion in conditional clauses because we don't use if but an auxli ry verb to begin the
clause (should + bare infinitive; were to-infinitive; had past participle)
b, If your boss keeps on ignoring the work legislation. contact the mnmnigration bureau d#iere the
toetend one
the country's
policy would be
e. Ifthe factory moved its facites to.a different country. the workers would be
ore restrictive Should the
unernoioye ate of the
countryleep going up the
0ereent well hee to redoe
tfthepresdent can't defend more fexble laws.. the country's immigration policy thenberotinoiat
would be more restrite 3.a2-Mere the
e, The government wt have to reduce the number 0frnonNgants f the unernpoyrent harder to control4-Should
showlegg
rate keeps going up polic noy. they will ear.i
be gated a student vis.a
e.]ere the current
[Match both columns so as to make complete sentences. Then build new stop the. of
sentences beginning with should, were and had would be able to return to
nit to erploy1net-base0
: 4. they wit easily be granted a
immigration, student vis.a
Popular immigration destinations
@Look at the table with the ten most popular
countries for imigration.
- :
• ldentty the top fee fromn the pictures to complete the
C try ac
t ir
C ft
� b $
• nrriioyn
� €.
• 08rrii y0
4 d 291mullion 01rrion
5 • 78r4lioyn
� France
• 78r4lioyn
-
9 Australia 6.5rrii yn
Spain 6
• 6.5rriiy yn
to
t. Isthe top ten ab ve what you expected to be
in terms of immigration choic ? Explain
2. Think about advantag each country can
present to be in the top ten hist.
3. Ifyouever had to emigrate to another
TEACHER country, which one from
l.a.USA Russi the list would you choo ?
c. Germanyd Saudi rabis Why?
e.United Arab Emirates
t.Wahington 4. Which would you never
h. BertinL. Riyadh[Ab consider living in? Justify.
Dhabik. LondonL Paris
Ottawa Garbe a
• Madridp. 43 milion
• 80.5million. 92 million
s.6S milliont 23.4 million
.467million
96
El u«ism
.Although Australia and the USA are in the top 1o most popular countries for
irenigration, they have strict imigration policies which set rules for foreigners
TEACHER
la4visassacertili
who wish to enter the country.Listen to a text about Australia's irenigration hichg0pen
toneaiacount'yoa
policy and find out: certain periodblts
lc-mos or people whot toooe
a whata1sals. to, fora hold
c. Up to l/months d English
b whoas/tor sals Su
table for, langgabitty.work history
history«e.lf you
c. how long you Can stay in Austral.a under aw0ring holay MS.a
are married. engaged. oria
d. three factors to consider to be granted the appropriate skied work visa de facto.elations.hi with
ustr. licitieen.ad wet to
tner
e. inwatcircurnstan0eS you Can ask for a par VMS.a
lie with themninAustralia
f. Dwooonotions you must meet to be granted a student Sa f.Applying fora .9i red
utine course ba
f Now listen about the US immigration policies and fit in the table: Austr. liEd ion
%c-mos 2.Fu ty
Ls»oars
Class debate
Imagine you belong to the school's debating society and you are
li.cussing the hot issue of opening or closing the doors of your
country to immigration. As always, different groups defend different
positions (you should choose a moderator for the debate).
fNow analyse the tips below on how to organise an exposition looking at the text
you have studied on pages 90-91as an example
Thesis
RA[I5lsie tor.yeas
introduce the Issue and state a immigration rigtits?
your position by wnttnga remark er
asking.a question or simply
making.astatement
---- -----
---- - -- ----
le
•
0
------
--
present efferent arguments on estatement
efferent paragraphs to defend
- -
Write aconclusion
- ------
your position on the issue in which you restate
ttis usually written in the
person T
You can use your personal fe
fest
-·- ------c "woo
your position by
wnttngare0at
asking.aquestion
experience to justify your or simply making.a
position on the issue ea statement
Use connectors of addition
cause or result. reference ad
ex.a0n.pole
Use suitable expressions to list
your arguments logically and
$urn up your de.a$
TEACHER
Grana
L. Continue the se ond sentence so that it has a similar moaning to the first.
la(Jimigrants head
better living in a lrnmtgrants leave their countries of brth because they have poor ling conditions
their countries of birth they there.
tleave them.h.(J
lhadmit studi da lot to
improve0 log:and
slots. /w uldn't
'
b /studied alot to improve my linguistic and technical sits I got ajob offer to work in
the US ona5-year work permit
have gotajob offer towor
in the Lona5year work f
permit.c.(l hedthe c. loin't watch the speech by the UN Hgh Commissioner for efugees. so cant take
gechbyte tN Hoh part in the class discussion the next day
Corm ner for Refugees,
hwould haetaenpatin led
the class dis ssion the d Were refugee camps to have better sanitary conditions.. there woucin't be so many
net day.d()refugee 0d eases
'
carps head betters.an try
cooditins. there» »t
be so many d e.(J e. Should the new restrictions to political asylum be accepted asylum seekers wit have
the new restrictions to to leave the embassy they have taken refuge in
'
politic laslun.are
alum seekers
will hae to leave the f pariarnentis considering passing a new mnrnigration law. so mnmnigrants to the UK wif
embassy they hae taken gain permanent residency fore ea1sly
refuge int(/the Parliament
psanewiroiganla $hold
immigrants to the UK will g Had Edward Snowden been caught. he would have been sentenced
penmaentn deny f
more easily.(Edward
had been caught, h tf countries accepted a the mnmigrants. they wouldn't be able to manage their social
he would have bee security systern
senten d4(/countries
Were
manage their social security
L. Use the words given to form words that fit in the spaces
2ll - - .
lt takes a great deal of courage for a family to move to a new country
They have to think about the new language, finding a job and a place to live
lesteinteratvo
professor/aluno Not a. being immersed in a new culture can be b
for children in spite of all the evidence that children can cope more easily with
foreign languages than adults. But when living in a new country.it's also important
to know that children needc._. from their parents to help them
adapt emotionally. But parents should also not forget the d
between culture and traditions. Itise to enrol children in a school
where their mother tongue is taught than to place them among foreigners. which
appears to be asort off. of one'scultural background
world in which the risk of human
rights'violations is con dered
extreme.
--
in son.all groups 0do sore reSear
Ch'
about the fee countries on the map
--
referred to as the worst violators of
huran nights. Beaning the UDR n
mind gather information about
+ which human nights are being
4 ---
,
+ the historical background that led
to the violations
-
Seeking asylum
ln the 2 century there are still people that have to flee from
their country and seek political asylum because they are
persecuted for their beliefs, religion, sexual orientation, etc
•
Do sore research about these faOu a90urn seekers a0d present
them to the class referring to
+ their personal background
-
+ what they ad to be forced to ask for asyturn
rt
+ whots persecuting them and what they are accused of .. LI
their current stua0on «
l
•
Find out information about the fiimn to
-
ECTOR c:r t
TEACHER
I Title. Mandela Long walk to RELEASE DATE
free m Director. Justin
he
-
Page 103
L.A iotd War • ltd
Caril
0facials Eiod
tar
guess whos
coming to dinner
0
I
I
EEEE7EE]
In this unit you will be able to revise
or learn...
••
how to:
express ideas about EU policies
•-
refer advantages and disadvantages for
countries by being members of the EU
identify the different institutions of the EU
and their responsibirties
distinguish between the different policy areas
,..J •
of the EU
learn about the Erasmus+ programme
write an anecdote
,
•
i • l •
understand globalisation
discuss positive and negative aspects of
globalisation
0,
distinguish between developed and developing
countries
! globalisation
hwto use
different ways of expressing the future
the future perfect
reported speech
polite questions
suffxaton
connectors of contrast
Democracy and
globalisation
TEACHER identify the products below. Then answer the following questions
1.Me0e ld's. Lipton lee Tea
KFC.Ce -Cola
I The are all products with
'
own labels.and containers
that speak for themselves
la()because they can be
easily found whenevere go
l.)bet use the economies
are all connected and
products can be ear.idly
p ted
1.4 the po
by which national
s rties.and cultures he
• Wwist so easy to recognise the brands even tf you don't ow the languages they
are written in?
the global network of trade L.2 Why are they so widespread today?
and trans tation 1.3 Howistt possible for them to be so widespread today?
2la lifeh inoon ion L4 What does the word globalisation" mean to you?
6.corrunication
dkodedee. cultures
f. partnerships F watch the video Global mind" about the future of
globalisation and its impact on our world
'
h. friendsl
22a. Moros
together people and idea
2. Complete the short text wrth the missing words.
to end poverty al die.easel
h Culture [introdurc urs to
new cultures.and ways of life GLOBALISATION
eEoonomi (separate
are becoming Globalisation affects all the people in every aspect ofa
interdependent4S ty Because of h ande. technologies. we're
(ch ge the work life and
all connected. giving us instant to collective d.
social life through the use of
social networks.ad mob.e • f. .8
devise. Quality of life h That's globalisation
(affects our health, human
rights edu tion. personal
wellbeing ad the 2.2 ldenttty each critical area being addressed and explain how global 1ton can
environment) influence each of them
I· J
b d
•
Building a democratic Europe
Eluaa
.These symbols are used in all the countries which
belong to the European Union (EU).
E
•
TEACHER
I4Personal
2A.le need it to travel
c (€
C out eEU/countries./tis
the off 4 doe nent of
L
-
men.bes.Ctiused to
--
--- 112
ind rte theta certain pr duet
has been made in conformity
with the.
-- -.,
safety
• requirements of the Eu
ptlnder[Ueles all tau dry
c. farmers'profit
d. the use of pesticides
«, quality of water
f. water shortage
$ pollution j. food lat ng
h the variety of products available
i. consumer oblige ions t. peace and economic stability
Epead the text and choose the best title for it.
have to be common rules The police forces in the ignoringenvironmental rules and so producing
EU also work closely together. and an EU body 6 cheaper goods The requirement for fairness in the
4 Europol coordinates the data They are not super European single market safeguards jobs because it
cops. charging around Europe with blazing guns. but prevents unfair competition Many people refuse to
national police officers who compile information on eat genetically modified foodstuffs But how can we
crime and criminals and make it available to police know whether our cornflakes are made from
forces throughout the EU. This is always about genetically modified maize? The EU has forced all
serious crime. EuTOpol is not concerned with leg.al food manufacturers to label their products If they
parking. It is concerned with human traffickers and cont.an GM ingredients. they must say so
drug smugglers, counterfeiters and sex offenders We could go on But it is already obvious by now.
stolen car dealers and internet fraudsters. who are Europe -that is all of us And Europe affects us all
happy to exploit the open borders for their hg/er ae
s% unscrupulous activities aces.edin 20%
"
6
European environmental protection lays down
4t ¥
common standards to ensure that one EU country ,; •
cannot gain economic advantage over another by
#r 4
• # 4
LI uoomirsm
TEACHER .Listen to four young people of different EU member states. They were asked to
Ira free movement of choose a benefit and a disadvantage of belonging to the EU.
labour and cagit.alb sore
• Listen to them and fin the table in note form
mernbe states heave fie l
difficulties Se dra. free [ct-morsss-ss
to wok. etc..
movement of people to study
EUinstitutions
have et site poet.end
reductionin the price
of mobile phone calls
',
"
b. de atic Ft% • ••
'
f
t
of rtional sovereignty
Es»earsn
Debate: EU pros & cons
Work in two groups.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
L voe»our
Euro]argon (words and expressions TEACHER
• The rt caps maornurmn prices for phone calls made and rec ved
wtile a.broad
e. The r system enables EU countries to help identify asyturn
ere0which the
applicants a0 pe0ple who have been apprehenedin ConoeCDOn with an regular
crossing of an external border of the Union the people ad
••
directly by them or by their
a. AEag ssomeone whos opposed to European integration or who
s doubtful of the EU ants airns alonmo inic
•
a. A Earp sastaff member of the administratve commission of the in the people
is ruled
European Union or. more broadly.any oteal of the European Union c#mayor
¢ Ero sthebody entrusted wrth enforcing the fight against serious ranking of
fioer
A
crime through closer judicial cooperation wrttin the European Union
sucha that ofacitor ton
dApolicyis the peogene
Government, politics and elect Ions 0factionofaoerta
porte.Arefere d is.a
ectoteiwhichaene
.Choose the correct option in the sentene below. el tc ateis.a.led to vote
a. Queen Elizabeth has always been the head of the democracy / monarch 0nabart ular
m
ll aammr mm
Ways of expressing the future
Mecan refer to future events using different tenses according to the type of situation
TEACHER
we want to describe.
la checkb. does the
tryopenc.Are you
meetingd finis.he.ls the
rire Mi ter taling present simple or present continuous
.Comolete
8igoigtobebwill never
leaeeigoing t visitdwill
understand
the sentences with the present simple or the present continuous of
istohavehistoleep the verbs given
tis.about to open + check • fish + meet + talk
a We can print the leaflets as $00n as we a the information
about the EU
what tire (the Ministry) tomorrow? At 9 0'lock. as usual
(you) the Mayor tomorrow?es. lam scheduled at 3 o'clock
the project on Eurojargon, we can go out dancing
will or be going to
f Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
a Martin Schut s doing a good job±He (be)the presdent of
the European parliament for a long time
blbelevee DurAo Barros0.the former president of the European Corris.son
(never /leave) politics
e. Catherine Ashton, the High Representatve for Foreign Afars for the European Union,
(visit) our country next weel
(understand) this article on fongr.afars
+ Beto + infinitive is usually used in news reports to talk about events that
are likely to happen in the near future. usually with a conditional meaning
+ Be about to + infinitive is used in conversation to say that something is
happening ina short tire
Weuse the future perfect to say that something will be ended. completed. or achieved by a particular
point in the future or to express an as5urn0Dion
A.By the time you finish your meal the Prime Minister will have made the speech
gBythe time we goto University. someone will have repla ed Juncker in the presidency of the
European Commission
Some expressions usually used with this tense are
by the time. by this time (next year). by 9 o'clock, I suppc e
We form it with
will have+ past participle of the rnain verb
@Use the following words to write sentences in the future perfect. TEACHER
a. By 2024 / more European countries/join/the EU/ l.a 24 core Euro4
countries.el he joined th
LU±By this time net year
b. By this tire next year / the European Commission/ elect/ a new president/ will the Euro4
have anew
e.I thatafewyears
c. /suppose that a few years r0n now/ sore European Counties/not oerCore /the roooosore European
countieswonithae
financial cnss/ core the finer ialt iis
dBythe tire school ends in
July hw hoe finished my
d. By the time school ends in July// fish/ my final project/ final
Zalar confide at that /w
hoe reno dell the
f'guild sentences by joining the sentences in column A to sentences in column C,
countries in the EU before the
end of the day.l The
using the verbs in column B in the future perfect. Pre detof the Eu
£ mer ione heeeft
A
• c
• everything about the political
office b 204 e.By this tine
tomorrow the new Fire
a. lam content that L whee announced
0n1sis hi programmed4Sooner
than you think the med wt
b The president of the EU 2.all the countries in the EU
have everything
Commission broadcast before the end of the day
e. By this time tomorrow the nere i personal answers
new Pnirne Minister_
d. Sooner than you ttk the weoant
4. offce by 2024
media
L
lt consists of government
It represents the governments ministers from al LU Member
of each EU country. it sets lt administers the EU, ensuring States. It meets regularly
to male decisins and to
targets and priorities and
as"a«ah
takes the fundamental to by the Member States and pass laws proposed b the
decisions on European policy making proposals for Laws to Commision
the Council and Parliament
•-
lt represents the citizens of
the EU members it has to vote
to endorse or reject the laws
it also approves the budget of
the European Urion
lt passes independent f.
judgements based on t controls the EU budget
European laws and imposes le_if the European budget
fines on Member States if they is being spent properly and
do not abide by the law sensibly 8.
ht ensures Europe rerains
http/#eurpa4 (a0n1.leddad
nice stable by managing the money
supply and setting key interest
ates
••
Ere Member States of the European Union cooperate in different policy areas.
2 Which policy area deals wth the issues mentioned? Acornon currency
the reg
A. Economic policy j ]
, __ -- --- --- -- --- -- . -- . -- --·
b
( --------..
�:c.Consumer
; a Foreign policy ! )
:::: :: ::::x,
L
protection \l b
'--------------
,--- -----------'
'D.Internal policy and
d
b
'
',_ ------------
justice
----- -----·'
----------- -----.,
•
r. Agricultural and i
structural policy
'·---- ------ ----- ----- -----·
Fundamental freedoms
Caged bird
The free bird leaps Mead the poem in order to complete the text explaining its
on the back of the wind meaning.Use only one word in each space
and floats downstream
The poern ts about two They have very afferent
till the current ends
lves. The frst one fies b inc.
and dips his wing
in the orange sun 1a@y and#es happiys ing the d
and dares to claim the sky
But a bird that stalks The only thing he can dos i
down his narrow car9¢
can seldom see through
his bars ol rage
E oecse
the sculpture
his wings are dipped and
and explain
his feet are tied
the syrlb lis.mn
so he opens his throat to sung
underlying the title.
Colleted
poem of la+ Newok
Random louse,99.4 (ab0idee )
; to
1. Which would you consider your
-- ·-
bjuico
fundamental freedoms as a citizen?
. . .. '
h6
[ ne»as i
.
higher education students, toafast-changing word
traineeships k Theresa high level of youth
but million
vocational and training students,
volunteers an young people in youth exchange c. lo bridge the gap between
- ....
edu iooand the need of the
�,
lecturers. teachers. trainers. education staff. youth workers labour mnaet44lion
• 0 es
fNowread the text about the feelings of an Erasmus student unpaid
eoer ed ion
Mu Erasmus Experience
Stange as it may seem. having reached the age happen Indeed I
of 20.Iad never set foot outside of the United found the Belgian
Kingdom on my own So the prospect of spending a o people very warm
year studying in Belgium was met with a mixture of and welcoming
trepidation excitement and curiosity.Iwas leaving Upon meeting
my comfort zone and stepping into the unknown someone for the fist
One year on. I look back on my Erasmus experience time there was
with fond memories -I think of the people Imet. the always.afriendly air
places I visited the challenges I faced and even the of curiosity as to
o studying Idid - and Ireally am glad to have had such where I had come
a diverse. interesting. yet challenging opportunity
There are certain skills you obtain during the
from and why Iwas
there. not an air of
g Russet Donaldson
course of an Erasmus placement that you just could o suspicion around a
not pick up by staying at home foreigner visiting their country. And whilst we are
Itound myself being more proactive - all of the not far geographically in the United Kingdom from
positive experiences and new friends will not just Belgium it was fascinating to get to know some of
happen automatically. you have to make them the cultural differences between the two nations
n
[ me»as i
Itwas alittle odd to begin with having to greet all of circuits in the world it could have been the first
mny new acquaintances with akiss each time we met time Iwas invited into a Belgian family's home for
but equally it was very pleasant to be always wished Sunday lunch or it could have been getting 100% in
a good day. evening. week. weekend or whatever it my first oral exam I look back upon all of these
mnay have been whist bidding someone farewell It is experiences with delight: all experiences I probably
do these little things which help you get to know a place would never have known were it not for my EraShu
better and help us remember that we don't Live in a exchange
bubble -that there are other people out there with For the most part. my Erasmus year has
their own inter ting way of doing things broadened my horizons immeasurably It has male
Erasmus is not always a walk in the pan There me realise that there is more to life than our own
4 are many challenges It is safe to say that being country and that no matter where you are there will
confronted in an exam with 2o negative marking aways be someone wIth worn you have a 0oImOIn
multiple choice questions on Keyne ian economics so interest and can become friends with One year ago
in French was not a highlight of my year and I am I would never have envisaged one day actually
still somewhat scarred from my infrequent but wanting tolive abroad but my Erasmus experience
o nevertheless necessary trips to the local launderette has changed that It has whetted my appetite for
But would I recommend the Erasmus experience ? travelling and for learning more about the world and
Without hesitation of course I would For me, e its different cultures Indeed. Inow feel that even
Erasmus was the opportunity to explore somewhere after just one year Inow have aspecial affinity with
new and to let my curiosity become discovery. It Belgium For me it is now a country to which1can go
s% int lie a holiday. you are no longer a tourist but a back and visit without feeling completely foreign
resident in that country and this change in There will be people know and places I recognise
perception will undoubtedly lead to a better oo an that's not something Ican say about any other
understanding of the place and its people. Moreover country outside of my own
Erasmus is a choice to go beyond what is obvious It Asa sports fan. I would Like to conclude with a
to is an opportunity to step outside of the box and do football analogy. The Erasmus year is Ike a young
something different something to make you stand footballer being sent out on loan They leave the
out from everybody else. learning skills which you os secuity of their home club and go somewhere
just cannot pick up whist living at home where nobody has ever heard of them But ashort
Luke most Erasmus students. I struggle to pick out time later they return more skillful more confident
6 one single highlight from all the things I did It could and more experienced
have been visiting Spa Fancorchamps to watch
Formula1cars at one of tbe most spectacular
8
!Match the words from the text with their suitable equivalents. TEACHER
There is an extra option .Sh7e.Id3e.I4.6
a. trepidation (LS) imagined doing thing in very
different we froen what e
h. fond(8) 2. loving usully doh saying
e. 0d0 (135) 3 best part c.lie. apart froen
other realties.deasy
d. highlight (148) • 0deep
a. envisaged(I81) s. anxiety
62i Belgium people greet
f. whetted (183) 6. a00use
newao00e0ital$
strange each tire they meet ad
alysis.hgood de
fExolain the meaning of the underlined expressions
eveningee
.Twas leaving.mycomfort zone()(1.5-6) emuse
6.34saresident yo get a
6.2List the cultural differences that he has encountered between the UK and Belg'urn
6.3 According to fussell. wtats the afference between being
.a tourist and being.a
res/dentin a 0country ?
6.4 How has the Erasmus experience changed him in terms of rte expectations
g;
to
1. What do you think are the main
challenges when you stud
abroad ?
2. Russell talks about: () learning
skills which you just cannot pick
up whist living at home." What
skills may these be?
3.Would you like to experience
Erasmus+ ? Why/Why not?
4. What other programme would
you like to take part in? Explain
ll aammarim
eported speech
Reporteds is used when we want to report something that someone else has
said We have to ale sore changes in terms of verb ten es, pronoun, eterrine$,
references to tire and place an/word orer
Mead the sentences below and the changes they suffered when written in
reported speech
Direct
struggle to pick out a simple fussell said he struggled to pick out a simple
Statement
highlight from all the things I did highlight frorn all the things he had done
How long have you stayed in when he care back. a friend asked usself how long
• Begum? he had stayed Begun
Don't miss the chance to be an After tis experience Russell acursed everyone not to
Adie lord«
Erasmus studentt miss the chance to be an Erasmus student
TEACHER f Here are some sentence that a student has written about Russell
2la. Russell said he 2. ldentty and correct the mistakes
con dered living.abroad in.a
near future.b.A friend aked a Fussell sal he con1Sers lying abroad in a 0ear future
hirr what he head st died b, Afriend asked turn what had he studied in Belgiumn
Belgium c. Russel told the
students to be open minded c. us.sell told the students that are open minded about the culture you are in
about the culture they were in d. asked usself f he have met a lot of people fromn other countries
d/asked Russell if he had
metalot of people fron other a. Russell avised me to not be ashared tf you find yourself in unknown situations
countries.e.Russell advised 2.2 ewrte them in direct spee h
me not to bea.harediflfoud
mnyselfinunownsituations
22a.lcon de living abroad
f Choose from the sentences 1-5 direct spe ch the one to complete each
in
sentence below in reported speech (a -e). Follow the example
inanear future.b. What did
you study in Belgium?c. After a He was insecure about going abroad. sol told hn net to worn be4est ¢04.%
our Lrasous«nienee,t
care beck more self confident him.ff he roded
wed
hep •it
dBe open minded about the
culture youaeinc. llae you • Can you help me ?
met /Did you meetalot of 2. Don+tworEeeryonew help-you+f you-nee#le
people from other countries
f Dontbe ashamed if you find 3.Speak more slowly because l can't keep up!
yourself in union situations 4.What other languages do they speak Belgiumn?
ah(Jtospeak more slowly
bet usel couldnitkeep up s. Read the course programmes thoroughly to fd the one that suits your needs
e.(Jhe could help me d(to
b My Belgian friend was speaking too fast. sol asked her
thoroughly to fid the one that
suited her needs.e.(Jwhat e. lCoulcin't fin the Erasmus application form on my own sol asked my brother If
other la g +9e they spole in
Belgin
d. lane was finding it ffeut to choose a host country.so ladvised her
,.
-Douo.happen to.now 2
oweoant
eported sech
e. How long does tt take for them to give an answer to the application? Poltequ ns
hie. g.an4.de 2
d. Dolneed to send my Cy attached to the application?
lwonder
6. Who is the responsible for the selection of candidates ?
o. oow
I.don't spat.
feasine that you are in an interview for a placement in a European university.
How would you ask for the following information in a polite way?
-
a. a0ooroar ton
I
« •«
b university fees
♦
•
• d
•
e. courses a4a.l.able
d. university's location
EL wars
TEACHER Anecdote
l.er sin8story
shearing about the
events
.Based on your analysis on page I8 complete the definition of the genre below.
An aneootels a text whose general purpose tO
lt accomplishes this purpose by b
Writing genres
fNowanalyse the tips below on how to organise an anecdote looking at the text
you have studied on pages 1-118 as an example.
BROADENING HORIZONS
Mu Erasmus Experience
Orientation $a0eh04ea
tt sets the context tor the 0a1toe40000-L.
-- -
relevant background or context lw 0400ft
000alt 0
place. tire. episode 00h000 ht
woe I0fpe0pelt0
po7wt I0be
-
.q1 al.gt.eh a
Complication
a 00po
+ ttintroduces the series of ha000.6
000at00 bi
ernark.abe events worth
oh. 00
describing and shares the th040%p0
.Lo tr
feelings experienOe while th00baa0.Of
going through them 00lb000al
b00a4 3l
It can be broken into b00a 00004ha0
paragraphs beginning wth.a 000lb000al te06¥ b
teeota0 % to9-00.0000
topic sentence Or a 0.aln th0.a04 th0
point
Ev luation
Its an evaluation of the narrators
feelings about what has happened
.l photography -phit vphy c. chard advised us to not expect everything to go nice and smoothly at the beginning
l home -school AL 3
worries- trr uboles.Al5l life
d chard also said that tf we ever found yourself in a feult situation. everyone wt be
-mind46misery-fears
happy to help us
9lraces differer
lg nation -vision 2
chg e. chard.do you happen to know how many vacancies are there for next yeae2
24option -choice 2
fun-done 30
2litisapledge for a world
where people lie together -----------------
with justice ad equality
i.Complete the statements with the missing words. The first letter(s) of the word has
22Surviving. paying the
have been given
mortgage provide for the
children,
23intolerance.war. The
h. Anarbassadorsadd
solution is to get together,
speak up. discuss. fight for c. ta ton on which everyone in a 0Couty can vote
A pubic consul to 0nae a 0e0Son about
j tion a particular subjects a
d.A dictatorships a type of government headed by a leader who usually takes power by
and does not allow far
e. The Eurobarometer measures and analyses tr in pubic opinion
f. Someone who doesn't believe in the goals of European integration is called.a
E
The world going global
Eluaa
Luten to the song by The Black Eyed Peas,
featuring Sting.
(c-mo6o
L. Spot the 10 wrong words and correct them
UNION
Got no time for grand photography
I barely keep my head above the tide
got this mortga8e, got three kids at home
What you're saying is the truth
But really worries me inside
Td change the world if Icould change my Life
IfIcould live beyond my fears
Exchanging unity for all my insecurity
Exchanging laughter for my misery
o (One for all one for all
It's all it's all for one)
1.3 Watch the video again and check your previous answers
Ls»oars
s-mlnute presentation
.Bearing in mind the chain of positive and negative effects of globalisation
referred to in the previous exercises
a 0esane the rnages beNOW
.Discuss the importance of the following issue in a globalised world. Then read
the texts to check your opinions
• 0onSureIS4 • transport
• wider markets • cultural traditions
• 0onrunaDon • job opportunities
• ecological problems • the English language
GL ISATION:
OR
I
Globalisation has its advantages and
downsides: it lets countries move closer to each
other People. companies and organisations in
different countries can live and wonk together If!see myself as a consumer Ihave to say
more easily. But this proximity can also lead to that globalisation is quite advantageous. Just
xenophobia and intolerance as people feel they imagine your shirt was made in Mexico and
might be losing their national identity In some your shoes in China Your CD player comes from
counties. bike India people no longer wear Japan You can travel to Moscow and eat aBig
national costumes because they all want to look Mac there and you can watch an American fuim
o bike Hollywood stars and wear jeans. for in Rome I don't have to leave my own country
example. People want to become American" to get a wide variety of products to choose from
and consume everything that is American As.a o at competitive prices. The transport of goods is
matter of fact. many people see globalisation so easy that international trade has flourished
as.a process of Americanisation As
.a and given us acce to better and cheaper
consequence. more anI more people are products. This comes at a price, though
learning and speaking English instead of local Companies face much greater competition
languages There are more international sch0OlS Smaller companies do not have resources
and the focus nowis on the acquisition of this to compete at global scale with the big
global language rather than their own mother multinationals and most have to go out of
2o tongue. It is feared that it won't be long before business. So, whether globalisation is good
counties lose out on their culture and heritage or bad cannot be answered in black or white
There are several greys in between. I think
[ no»as i
find the words in the texts that match the definitions in the table
dis.e of or prejudice against people from other countries
unwillingness to accept views.. beliefs, or behaviour that offer fromn one's own
po+er
• f.
f Decide which of the suffixes from the box above are used to build each part of
speech and complete the table.
Ne
fuse the word given in brackets at the end of each line to form a word that fits in
the space.
a lhave lost my credit card .there are other paying methods
accepted on ebay. (fortune)
b floe Starbucks" (inks It's true that they are a bit expensve but for me they are
!(price)
c. Workers in Chinese factories must Devery in order to mneet all
the orders. (ski )
d. Globalisation makes t easier for people to develop international
(friend)
Mead the following sentences and identify the words used to show contrast.
a.()international trade has flourished and gvenus access to better and cheaper
products This comes at a price. though"
b. eple. 0or9a0Ne and0rg.a00sa0/0nshn (fferent counties can le an work together
more easily. But ts prom/ty can also lead to xenophobia and intolerance()
e. We can find McDonald's alrnost everywhere. However. due to globalisation. many
local brands and businesses in poorer countries go bankrupt(_)"
+ yet
nevertheless
• Connectors use01 in the nie b. Connectors used at the e. Connectors used at the
of the two clauses preceded
by a corona or a seer0Colon the two clauses (one speCIf the two clauses folio red by
or betwe twosentenoes connector can be use at the the lgform ora noun phrase
preceded by a full stop end of the sentence)
Rewrite the sentences with the connector given in brackets. Make the lhee(JM. Although free
trade he be oh about
necessary changes
oicdewloprentoa
a. lamnastrong supporter of global ton. but /have to agree tt has raised some human smell (e. Bi Anet
nights issues in developing countries. (in spite of) be d pan now be food
alosteenyhereeetmany
b. Despite the economic development brought about by free trade. many small people(J
companies can't keep up and are going bankrupt. (although)
c. Even though big Arnenican brands Can now be our alost everywhere. 0any people
don't see globalisation as a process of Americanisation" (yet)
EL wars
TEACHER Argumentative text
la eluate and give an
pionb.debating two or
more points of vie
.Based on your analysis on page 128 complete the definition of the genre.
An argumentative texts a text whose ge eral purposes to
It accomplishes this purpose by b
Writing genres ttys usually written by anyone debating an issue and can be found in magazines. blog
newspapers
fNow analyse the tips below on how to organise an argumentative text looking
at the text you have studied on page 127128as an example.
gp5Toy
OR
ls.sue
uo
introduce the Issue
identifying the subject to
Sides
• Present one side Of
ape0.90.
b00
90900
0a30%
00660pi00
0a040
0400.
hi0
a.al
- esolution
State your
position on
Do0.a00. 0a40a.D
the argument. usually
$0..4 400000 the issue by
the one which 0doesn't op4000 a.00f00D
pro of0 making final
support your point of a. th A,
00f 090. 0000 stater7ens
view. alt
hough this may a900A a00a000a0.
0a0090.9. h00a0. and. If
=-
not always happen i%0%0 6.f possible,
• present the sides that Sf h • judging which
a000000
are opposed to the one ht70000f s/els fore
before 0ii.0be
040000. valid
[ ... ]
• Justify your statements t
with evidence
examples, grounds
0on/us/onS. etC f Choose one of the topics -A or B - and write an argumentative text following
• Use connectors Of .. --�-·•·•-�ho··•
fuC44f4tout
contrast to present A.ls globalisation just another word for Anenicants.aton? Ae we all becoming
opposite sides.
g Thunk about your test
ylie (food clothes. objects. technology. shopping.) and dscuss
the advantages and disadvantages of being immersed in a global worid far beyond
the lirntts of your country
APP nucr
pto
+
5
Pop Art
These are paintings from artists of the Pop Art school (po
food.astowel
everyday technology lcars,
T¥get micro nee
computer
ht debrates
coon9l
of pr ducts
Anet
living
2llhe Popt movement
ma haebeenastepinto
bring the Aeeri n culture
to the wold thrtushart but
aloe of o th
.what is the role of music, cinema, food and sports brands in turning our world
into a global village? Discuss in small groups.
INTERNATIONA'
a6 GLOBALISATION"
In 1981. MTV exploded into American homes and Much of the local content produced within the
changed the entertainment and media industries community parallels the shows coming out of the
forever It combined television and radio. and added US. Universal programme topics include top IO
araw flair that was distinctively youth oriented countdowns. music panel discussions. Cultural
drastically changing youth culture around the discussions. music and international news. dance
word. defining popular culture and speaking on programmes such as Club MTV. dating shows and
behalf of young adults everywhere « game shows but each channel's programming is
MTVbegan as a small cable channel. determined modified to appeal to its local audience. Every
to bring music to the masses 24 hours a day. The market is different and requires a different
o plan was to create an all music channel directed approach
towards teenagers and young adults MTV defined Many cnitics of MTV International believe this to
style and the artists became known not only for 4 be wrong MTVis often criticised for peddling
their music but for their clothes and attitude as American Culture to the rest of the world and they
well After MTV had dominated the American music feel that MTV is promoting not just globalisation but
t and advertising industries. it set its sights globally Americanisation Dy controlling cultural ouICeS
On August 1987. six years to the day after MTV was around the world Americanisation is defined as
launched in America MTV Europe was launched so making something American in form st le or
reaching an audience of16 million subscribers in character or the propagation of Americanism which
fourteen countries Since then MTV Networks has is defined as allegiance to the United States and its
2 expanded to include 34 customise feeds in164 customs an institution.S
countries through eighteen different languages, Regarding the charge oft Americanisation
such as MTV China MTV Canada MTV India etc s% American ideals are coming from Liberal thought.
These many forms of MTV all carry an individual globalisation encourages liberal ideas. Amenia
characteristic. The channel now reaches has made the decision to embrace Liberal belief
approximately 375 1Llion households worldwide patterns as part of its development. As the world
.audience of one
and has an estimated viewing becomes Liberated from ideas of tradition and
billion. more than twice the size Of CNN 6 culture. it will lean towards ideas that have been
International Contrary to popular opinion MTV established by America because of its lack of
International content is not primarily focused tradition and culture. Therefore MTV is not guilty
o around American Culture and products. In mOSt of perpetuating Americanism but rather
MTVinternational channels. between 50-80% of encouraging globalisation
the content is locally produced while the remainder
is international programming"
E coose a smorym and an antooym from te ,,
.. -� ~·'.. ..... . � ..._ ·-�
ofnatee 00Wlf w0r0Sr0hhI ,---------------------------------
+
e. liberated (L59) ,
t. perpetuating (l63) ,
!Complete the following sentences according to the ideas from the text.
a. Its said that4MTV(drastically changed youth culture because
c. regeld pro bing
tepee nge.free ipi ned
• MTVwas not only about the music and the artists t also :Zij.
'
L ng
4.a(Jitbegan to define
pyulr culture ad spoke
e. The content of MTV international can be sad
on behalf of young people
h(defined the and
d. As every aue Oels fferent attitude to be. dopted by the
young re(Jtobe mostly
locally produ ddry
a. The common ground for globalisation and Americanisations that has different
citi
organ
ns' group which.is
dona local, tionel
LE
peope withacomoon
forum for the governments
for
'
rho0g0Ou
'
------------------ TEACHER
Le
L. Bearing in mind wtat you have learned about globalisation, cho e the correct 1.2b
option fromn the ones given 1.3%
Which of these sentences about globalisation s not true ? I4e
a Itisaprocess of interaction and integration among people. companies 1.5%
an governments of different nations I6c
b. ttisdriven by international trade and investment and fostered b .Ta
information technology 1.8
c. It has an impact on the world economy but not on individual counties
or political systerns
1.2 Globalisation ts linked to the growth of consurmnenism as.
a small companies can't keep up and go bankrupt
b international 900ds and brands are ea54ly a4al.able
c. food chains like McDonald's adapt their menus to each country's taste.
1.3 Bigcorporations are turning to developing countries because
a they want to help them grow and prosper
• cheaper labour force allows tor the cheaper
pro.t '
c. they have better working oonotions a0d better workers
snoods
I4 Globalisation4s tr
sore
neS seen as Aenc.a/Sa Don due to
a the might of the Amnenican nation
b. demands for quality American products
c. the easy widespread crstnbuton of Amnencan goods throughout the world
1. The pop Art artists created art using.
a cornmonplace objects a0 coroner
Cl.al rages 0f products a0 celebrities
b. the message and lyrics of popular pop songs
c. actual photos of everyday life and common people
?
1.6 Which sentence s not true about MTV today
a lthas.alarger audience tha CNN international. the 24hour news channel
• The international channels share their broadcasting time between
international contents and locally--produced ones
c. Itis an all music channel broadcasting music 24 hours a day
1.7 The organisation that aims to contribute to peace and secuntty through
education and cultures.
a UNESCO
b UNICEF
c. OECD
1.8 Which of these organisations are not part of the United Nations?
a FA4O an! UNPOOF
OM
b. NATO and G20
C. UNICEF and UNESCO
TEACHER
........, _
Grana
i Match the two halves of the sentences and choose connector of contrast to link
I
a
-------------------
I, Co»see wowords frorn below that form ade tive», nouns and verbs using the sane
suffix and write them in the table under the correct heading.
Noun Verb
• b
aeUse the words in brackets to form a word that fits the space
a AneniCan products are marketed to feel trendy and
b 1hope that globalisation can lead to a more
c. in this go0base9 word we have more adore people that fin themselves p0OM
and (ob)
d. ltiseaser now for counties to estabs.hinternational
e. We should take advantage of the easy communication among nations to
our cultural horizons. (broad)
f. eh countries only thunk about their own profit(normal)
g Some people don't howmuch the worlhars changed (real)
International products
American products/brands are not
the only ones which have gone global
There are many products/brands fronr
.,
«'a
)
nm,
0
different countries which also have a
global reach
I
••
EESE
WITHERS
I ---·-
----
-- -
ECTOR c:r t
TEACHER
t Tile The Good Lie RELEASE DATE
-
Director: Pl Falardeau
et e 3ct0be 20l4
Cast Reese ihers.po n Eobetter understand the film, find out
Emmanuel Jal Corey Stal information about what has been happening
Ger Duany. Arnold Ooeng in Sudan since 198.3.
0ere Drama unoing
tie II Awards
le fife eel's.Jury
w You WATCH
e.a
De
Sgeciel rire Hart Fin le
f
.a.
While watching the film pay attention to the following and take notes on
Ming cture Ard
a the many things/objects that pule the Sudanese when they arrve to the USA (the
The food on the plane
the the cell developed globalsed world) because they are untarniar to thern
phone M De 4's food b the differences of behaviour and attitudes they come across with and that cause
el tricity.the tele hone
culture shock
e. the changes in their behaviour that showus thuat they are adapting to the new world
they lven
house without k kng the
existence of food for dog d. persisting attitudes that show they are not being corrupted in their principles;
foodc. They start to
a the downsides of the globalrsed society they have to face;
understand jokes to sleep on
the bed to use the t. Carnie's transformation as the story develops
n
telephone to eat pi
---
-
------
--
----
--
--
O
.voeos
L.2 Watch the videos of the songs to check your answers.
o-a
f
1950s-1990s:
culture,art
and society
Cultural 2o century revisited
how to: •
• learn about fe in the 50$, 605$. 705. 80s an0d 90s
discuss the importance of social movements
understand the values of the Beat Generation
a5So0Clate important world events with decades
identify different artistic movements
recognise the importance of personalities
from different decades
understand the changing role of women in the
second half of the twentieth century
write an explanation
identify the different trends and generations
of each decade
learn more about life and culture of indigenous
MATO cultures in English-speaking Countries
recognise indigenous types of art
write anarratve text
hwto use
impersonal pronouns
• get as a multifunctional verb
1.3 Dxplain why they are important personalties of that decade and st farnous today
J
i
i
•
TEACHER
50s 60s 70s 80s 90s
.Ito134Marilyn Monroe
50-she wars the first big
cinema deal ope Joh
peel 7-he had an
important role in religion
tolerance and aooeptan
£Pat Diena. 80s-she
changed the way people look
at the monarchy Bl Gates,
90s-he is the founder of
Mien ft.E. The Beatles, 60%
-they revolutionised the
Madonna
music industry
la.andb Jerrylee Lewiss
6Sos. Queen (704 U2 90
F Listen to the song excerpts and identify: Frank Sinatra
tolling Stones
[c-morso
Frank Sinatra (s0Meche l • U2
le 4eon (0sl. Rolling Stones a the singers (use the list gnven for help); Queen
(604.Bob Martey (Isl.
h the decade of the second hat of the 20# Michael Jackson
Mdonnea 0800 Alanis
Mou tte (90 Beach century these songs were alt/n' Bob Marle
Boys 4604 Jerrylee Lewi
Beach Boys
Alanis Morissette
Cultural 2O" century revisited
Eluaa
.le the second half of the 20 century there where inventions and innovations in TEACHER
many different areas of human activity. These have had a significant impact on I. S:c.4mOak.q
the world's future. 7:ipr80:be.in
90:dhlo
• Read the list of imnportant social, political and cultural events and match them to a
mg.
spectfc decade
'(t conteoirenos
70,
-
• --
Th fit hon tooler
I IL
.abthll was coronate
0
non4ho
entered trait
r
fey was, ate fest
fly-cloned complier orals 5
@
Th ftrnawith@sign wast
[ no»as i
fNowread the poem by one of the Beat writers and check which lines show the
characteristics above.
«4$T0 Na.1
Joete ooee out of our cloeeta
0pen your windows, open your does
You have been haled-up too Log
fie non to face outed
in your closed worlds
in the full Lotus position
6
ith eyes ide open
io time how for the artit to hide
Tie now to open your acute
above beyond behind the geepee
with a new ope speech
indifferent, paring his fingernails
0 tie now to corruicate ith all sentient
refiring ioelf out of existence binge
)
o io time now for our little literary gas
oet
no tie now for our paranoias hypochondria
to th street of told one oe
no time now for fear t loathing
And open your aid k eyes
time now only for light4 love
with the old vieu delight,
we have been the beet zinde of our generation
Clear your throat and speak up
destroyed by boredom at poetry readings
Poetry is deed long live poet
Poetry lat a secret society,
ith terrible eyes and buffalo strength
tiota temple either
Dot wait for the Revolution
Secret word chants wont do any longer.
«o or it happen ithout onu
he hour of oeig i over
Stop ubing ad speak out
0 the tie for keening tome
with a ne ide open poetry
time for keening 4 ooicing
ithanew cot otoenema"public surface
over the coning end
with other subjective eve1e
of industrial civilisation
4 or other eubeve level
which is bad for earth Man
a tuning fork in the inner
toetrile below th guface
J
Match the following words taken from the poem to their meaning. TEACHER
a. holed-up (1. 3 page 46
h. 0ring (19) 2. delayed. held back
ha They nted to set
th nelees.apertlroen the
e. keening (L20) 3towards the outside ad orth l
d. outward(L25) 4. able to see or feel things trough the sen es 0ray
e. sentient (L 30) s. performing the Buist OM chant or mantra in a yoga lass social problems.c. They
ti0get poetry out of the
circle.ad meet more popular
ad informeld They beti wed
?choose the words/lines in the poem that show us: ibtabocane frown feeing
their minds b the use of drug
a. the appeal that the authors making to other poets mu.a00dtab0on
le. Petry ista secret
ooetr./ltisnita templ
either." Al I6I/ Secret
b the attitude towards writing that the author wants contemporary poets to leave
word&cheats.wontdo
behind
longer."4I8 Poets./
/to the street of the
world once more"( 31-32
c. the new attitude he wants poets to assure d lie now to facet f
in the full lotus /with
eyes wide open4 25-2
d. the newrole of poetry in society
Page l
A.a.2hSe.Id3e.4
4.%pets core out of your
Tpead these quotations by Jack Kerouac, one of doset"I pets.descend/
to the street of the word onee
the main figures of the Beat Generation, and more" AL32-33 S%o
relate them to the message of the poem mumbling and speak out4l
tire no for the artist
0 to hide/above.beyond behind
the /indifferent
Some poring his fioge mails./
0 people refin g hin pelf out of
E
• used as the subject of meteorological • tt dint rain much in the summer
verbs of 191
• use0as a Sub/ect of sentences which • ft was the earty Os when the Beat
it
give information about tire and dates mnoverent fest appeared
• use as a sub/ect to exp0re$ 0pin#On • lt was very bold of them to go against
conventional Society
• use to refer to unspecIfed people not • They say that the Beat Movement was
they
including the speaker centred in bohemian artist communtt
one (formal)/ • used to refer to people in general • 0e (formal/You ca understand the
yo including the speaker Beat philosophy by reading their poetry
•
[Use the impersonal pronouns to complete the text in a meaningful way.
Speaker 4:
Speaker 2: Speaker 5:
Speaker 3:
L.2 What are the speakers referring to when they use the expressions below?
a. suddenly spied" (speaker)
• would go more or less unchanged(speaker 2)
e. the size of a garage(speaker 3)
d. upbeat. sensual and rebellious nature"(speaker 4)
e hung out"(speaker 5)
Ls»oars music.Sp er
Oral presentation $fun
.2a.the
0nan9fa
Bearing in mind the statements about the
h the design of
1950s'lifestyle in terms of family and social life, TVsetse. UNNC
media and technology, prepare a five
minute drock n roll
presentation describing life in the 2010s and e.what people
did for fun
comparing it to that in the 1950s.
,,... L ""\
2a.ahuge
•
'' the birthrate
'' hworing dad
Comparing:
Contrasting:
but yet
'''' house temotherchave
deer and watch Ty4the
e
a. She got Jack Kerouac's book O the ad froen
ct. have the opportunity to
an old friend • • do something
b Your friends arriving at the airport from London and he needs a nde home
You tell hewn
•
d, The more firs you watch about the Beat Generation the easier rt is for you to
understand them
You think to yours.elf
1 •
Contemporary art
.The predominant term for art produced since the 1950s is Contemporary Art
Since then, a profound change in the perception of works of art has occurred
• insmall groups. analyse the works of art and read the de nipton of each art
noverent below to match the pictures to one of thern
Abstract Expressiids:
lt %s descried as tle uncovetiowal
application of pait, usuallu without
a eceisable subject. that tends
toward amorphous gapes in brliat
colours. It costed i di@Pi,
Stai, slathering, ad fliin lets
of paint ow to the Cava$.
, [clksn.
kt deriket a style c ad.tract peirtin
ch@ta«ctetied l} the «we c 'pet, letche
c taint c cclcut en lite trfacet.
a
ss«ht-ae
1ft or
o o} Three-lorn.s«or.et aduo.t
* . hose coosTon.s ore Forced le
••
••
of
e"eye
one or+ore1ins, The
lets
•• ••••••• • info
ft
• • • • •• • cobs Ton.Coch non-orT oleeT,
such es
e ewee o#roee or nee4et, ecges
ofhefie or stole eenen9,
I5Bob Dylan and loan Baez 1.6 ldentty two popular hands of beat and pop music
I6 The Beatles and the 1 £xplain what the Woodstock Festval was
gelling
.8 State the aspects of the hippie lifestyle
LT The largest pop festival
ever held mentioned in the text
I8 The use of drugs and the
belief in seeel fre de n F watch the video about the Woodstock Festival
2.daysh. over 2million and complete the table with the m sing
dollarsc, 600 hundred acre information.
dairy farm4St6August
I969 e. IS0.000 to 200.000
f. more then S00.000.$. IL .000
-Moro
h peace.lee ad
l the ther conditions, the
use of drugs. un nitry
conditions food shortages
d. date
• expected 0Ow
3.a. Song 3. Song 4c. Song
2d Song l f. actual attendance
Ihe Chef
Look at the 1960s acts. does everything
but cool
• What can you see in the irnages?
- that's what
.2 Howls the role of woren portraye wives are tor!
• Has that role changed in the 2r century?
-----;
• of t
strange stirring. a sense of dissatisfaction. a
yearning that women suffered in the middle of the
l
twentieth century in the United States. Each
suburban wife struggled with it alone. As she made
the beds. shopped for groceries. matched slipc aver
material ate peanut butter sandwiches with her
children lay beside her husband at night - she was
o afraid to ask even to herself tbe silent question ls
this all taught to pity the neurotic, unfeminine, unhappy
For over fifteen years there was no word of this women who wanted to be poets or physicists or
yearning in the millions of words written about presidents They learned that truly feminine women
women. for women. in all the columns. books and do not want careers. higher education political
articles by experts telling women their role was to o rights -the independence and the opportunities
seek fulfilment as wives and mothers (_)Experts that the old-fashioned feminists fought for Some
told them how to catch a man and keep him how to women in their forties and fifties. still remembered
breastfeed children and handle their toilet training. painfully giving up those dreams but most of the
how to cope with sibling rivalry and adole ent younger women no longer even thought about them
o rebellion how to buy adishwasher. bake bread Cook (_)
gourmet snails and build a swimming pool with rhesuburban housewife -she was the dream
their own hands how to dress. look. and act more image of the young American women and the envy
feminine and make marriage more exciting how to it was said of women all over the world (_)She was
keep their husbands from dying young and their healthy. beautiful educated. concerned only about
sons from growing into delinquents. They were so her husband her children her home. (_J
[ me»as i
ct.
Page IS5
b competition h expect 4.a yarning4lb.rivalry
dcherished443. s4
50t. 4167$pity
2l look forward toll 9.l]
l puling A IOO
[Complete the following sentences according to the ideas expressed in the text. S.a.L)they felt
ad suffered%
a Although women were taught tole their Ives as wives a0 0other'S h()goo9opcareer.high
and political nights
c.() 'tomatch the
b Being atruly fern.inine woran meant
dean.in.age of young
Aveni mwomend()they
other women dd t
feel the sane ad were happy
e.(tobe more than
d. Women reran
e silent about ther feelings 0fern.piness because motheraodawe
$.A this aura
the iroe of perfectly happy
A ln that clauses
clauses after report verbs (advise. demand. insist. order, propose. request. recommend su gest)to
express plans. requests. urgency. intentions or suggestions
«.g Women demand that they be given more rights.
+ This verb formn is rather formal and in less formal speech it is replaced by the present simple or by
should
«.g Women demand that they should be given more nights.
0
TEACHER f Choose one of the verbs given to complete the sentences below in the pre sent
Zabel. accepts. 9o subjunctive.
d. think
A.al3c.Id2 think be go accept
4 Personal an a Husbands expected that their wives suborns.Se
b Popular b liefs advised that women
condition
c. Feminists suggest that women out to tel the worid that
women want equal nights
d, The publishers of he Feminine Mystique recommended that Betty Friedan
carefully before presenting such disruptve ideas
fead the sentences and match the highlighted phrases to their meaning.
a Suffieeit to say that people w never gee up ,. ............•............. ,
fighting for equal opportuntest '
] nomatter what happens
'E
If/have tobe set aside from society to defend my
2hope that something
deals. so be it!
e. Come what may,ti always fight for women's
nights.
4.itis enough to say
d. Hear en forbid that things go back to the way they ''.._ ....•.................... .-
were in the 19605!
punk rock
warn.an coronerCl.al pop
Ja mobile phone
2..Disney liort.db England
bell bottoms tniccars Margaret Th he e. I976
d Englade.At.Mich
disposable lighters e0Ono/NC DOOM Germany Portugal
personal corouter
s
g)Trivia 6hall6n% wich group began bombing parts of
• Britain including the lover of London
in19747
• what famous amusement resort
"
openeqf in Florida in 1971?
"in
{which European country granted seventies
woren the night to vote in I9
what country was the fest test tube
•
baby"born fromnintro fert.aton in 19787
EL wars
TEACHER Explanation
l.explain causes.and/or
effectsb causes effects
.Based on your analysis on pages 153-154 complete the definition of the genre
or
Page S9 below.
lg. The kind of colours seen
An explanations a text whose ge petal purpoeStO
everywhere in lot.hes streets
decorations Ge rgelichael lt accomplishes this purpose by explaining b
Price of BeAr8 The era of
films deping years
Sorteen Candles Breakfast
fNow analyse the tips below on how to organise an explanation looking at the
Club Z.Other music genres text you have studied on pages 153-154as an example
shored up with the desire of
ind dualism hip-hog
Bboyin9g
rock glan inly punk
Event
State the phenomenon
event that is going to be
h
6o
ei--
tot
--a
•
•
_________ ... •
explained in a paragraph or in
be.
-- --
a srnole sentence
• de
_ --
be
...
-.0 - .o
-----
o
_.,
---
he-
-e- ---a-
ug llna boon bee
-------
.6 9 eh
• The yuppie culture
year
0or30 6eh
4
-
ride or upper cla people
: =-----
withastucup attitude driven 0. e-
--
by materialist al/street boo u
e
---- --
Amen nPycho4. Saturday do e- e
di
by toy ads.Cabb e--g
patch dolts3 The crary cutes
e- •
and melodramatic make0pa
way of eegret ng personality
I
and style Mde na Demi Explanation you can gee explanations by
Moore.Julia Roberts
Explain the multiple causes an/or answering thermn
Everyone gotearier access
to pro9far effects of the phenorenonevent + Depending on the issue, you can
CNN.HBO.MTYL. Fashion wees denned above in separate use data. quotations. studies
all about Bi (big heir, big paragraphs statstcs
colours. big Don't gve your direct opinion. Just + Use.inking words/connectors to
sh udder pads multicoloured
leg mmers.eye hing present the facts express airon. cause and
Mou may ask questions. so that effect.reference and ex.an0le
re of the subgenre
6. Music on the go
s. Greeds good
4. in the toybox
3. Big hair. Bg make-up
2. Iwant my Cable TV
1. Over-the.top fashion
Listen to four people who were teenagers in the 1980s telling us about what it
meant to them. Page BS9icont.
ce-mo 2la.leggingsh bright
2. Listen to Speaker and complete the sentences wrth the clothes worn in the 80s coloured c.belts,
s shirts.dscrunch sock
a. skinny
e.rahed blue jess huge
b overse moth holes
e. ridiculously large 2lhepeace between the
USA and the USSR the fell of
d. colour coordinated the Bertin the Chernobyl
die.aster
e. black or stone-
23a technology.l. on the
2.2Listen to Speaker 2 and note down the three big historical events of the 19805 he street.drtya tunes on
refers to their be lock their front
c-mo doorsc.cell phones
internet4real life trial and
2.3Listen to Speaker 3 taling about being a#din the 1980s and complete the error
sentenoeS 24aMdonna cheel
ce-moz l #son Whitney He ton
ice Through their mo.ie
a. The 1980s generation was not corrupted by videos theyeeamode to
follow c.A greater public
with
e, They can't have pop cul re
d. They learned through
When we think of the 1960s. we think of youthful namely on American soul In1993a nascent terror
rebellion and social upheaval while we associate network of Islamic militants launched its fist
the 170s with hedonism and disco music. The attack against the US. exploding a bomb in the
1980s evoke images of excess and pop singers with basement of the World Trade Center that led six
aerodynamic mullets and parachute pants gyrating people and wounded1500.It was the first inlng of
on MTV. But the 1090s in contrast. elude such facile aconflict that would explode in a national trauma
characterisation. It was a decade oft18 and change the course of history eight years later
sometimes inconous motifs without a theme to It also was a decade which saw the ripening and
tie them coherently together - the Persian Gulf War. blossoming of changes that started earlier - from
o the coming of age of Generation X. the sudden so the rise of the internet and wireless mobile
popularity of tattooing. goatees. Seinfeld. the rise of communication to the shift from an analog to a
anti-government militias. Princess Diana's death in digital information culture. to the shift to economic
acar crash Quentin Tarantino movies. the Dotcom globalisation in which inve rent and finance
bubble. fear Of Y2K. reached across borders and manufacturing flowed
I Indeed. the last 0 years of the 20 Century was a 4 to developing countries with the cheap gt LabOI
decade with an existential crisis It was atime in But the online world which developed into a
which the foundation was laid for the starting mass medium in the 199Os had actually the greatest
disruptive changes and new order of things that would impact. The World Wile Web. a graphical point-
suddenly emerge in the early 2 Century. Eany in the and-chick version of the internet. altered how people
decade. the disintegration of the Soviet Urion and s found information The amount of content grew
the demise of communism as a threat led the then- from a single website in 1o01 to neany 258.,000 sites
President [of the USA] George H W.Bush to give.a in1006. and by the end of the decade. there were
speech in which he proclaimed a new world order nearly 17 million websites
in which the US would lead the world in enforcing The people most powerfully influenced by all
the rule of law and reining in chaos and aggre on tese changes were those who reached adulthood
But that optimism about human progress n the 1090s. the so-called Generation X Those who
eventually was shattered by an ethnic cleansing were older often described them as self-absorbed
campaign in the Balkans, genocide in Rwanda. and and apathetic. That stereotyping seems as shalow
home-grown anti-government extremist as the notion that all Baby BoomerS were
o movements that penetrate deadly bombings 6 revolutionaries on the barricades. but even Xers
seemed to buy it Two decades later.a 204 pew could merely be a function of age
Research Center study found that only 49 percent But it also could be that
of Xers see their generation as unique. compared to Generation X. Like the decade in
58 percent of Boomers and 6l percent Of which they came of age. formed
Millennials, the group born after 1980. But what's a bridge between old and new
more revealing is that Xers usually are nestled ways of thinking and living
between Boomers and Millennials in terms of their h/thane er8aOh.corn
attitudes and beliefs on a range of issues. from
immigration to same-sex marriage. Of course. that
fre following words are synonyms of the words underlined in the text. Pick the
right word to match the ones below.
a crushed t. instabiirty TEACHER
b 0omitted super
teal .a.shattered h perpetr
d. pathetiedstartling
e. indifferent h 0e oprent e.inldgt. jarring. shall
d. astounding i death h ipeigt demise
e. hint j noons/Stent
'
4.the goth of oolie
h the year 2000
R what do the following expressions refer to? c.the former Corneis.t Boe
d ofpeogle fro%
a. the Dotcom bubble different ethic grog
8. Y2K
po ring the new
e. Soviet Union
2The death of cornrnuni n
d. ethnic cleansing
op hrcroii
s.4 Bearing the last paragraph in mind explain why they
thinking and living They led
may feel like that towards their own generation
ainbetween a
__._,,,'
• L
--·---- •
C • •
'
R d
1. Work in pairs to discuss what you f
know about these 199ops events
-··-----
•
the Persian Gulf War ••
4. •
Quentin Tarantino movies 4
••
--
the disintegration of the Soviet
Urion •
•
6
Clothes and accessories over the 2o century
.Look at the pictures and decide which group of people lived in
a the early 60s.
h the 70s.
e. the 80%
d. the 90s
A B
flared trousers
+ pillboy at
le wafers
+ eta»i patter
+ flaw.el shirts
+ overall¢
TEACHER
L.A. the 90B. the B0.C. the E Choose from the list the items of clothes/ ba corduroy pats
70p the early 60s accessories which were fashionable in the flared flowered dresses
la. pillbox hat. short boy different decades. Use your dictionary to + short bey jackets
jekts. shift de es. pale help you find the words you don't know.
toned shades capripants plat@or glees
flared trousers ethic acid wash jean$
patterns.baggy corduroy
peats flared flowered de es + gift dresses
platform shoesc. leg
+ vibrant lo windbreak.erg
warmers ai/was.hjeans
sh ulder pads jellies.ray
-bean pale toed shades
sunglasses A flannel shirts,
overalls vibrant melon
+ shoulder pads
str ioh legged jellies
+ capfi pat¢
alba $u3lase5
straitleed ripped
dew jean$
+ backward caps
, .,
•· . 4.1
Sociocultural content TEACHER
1.1
L.Bearing in mind what you have learned about the second haf the 2om century, 2e
choose the correct option fromn the ones given 1.3%
The Beat Generation was0own for I4e
a their political protests interary form Se
their public poetry reading sessions to the sound of [a
16a
Gran
Grana
.Complete the text with an impersonal pronoun (it,they, one, you')
The hippie were born
The 1960i known as the decade of irresponsible flamboyance. and decline in
b
" rapt tour le st d
the 0 better b. Polit • social
on., wasin the late 60s that young people began to rebel against the
everywhere shodins.ist conservative norms of the time.b_ called these youngsters hippies. These
gveworneneg.el rights groups created a movement toward liberation in society.If had lvet then
c The currentawnequires would ave witnessed how they questioned authority and government. ad
thateercitienbe treated 0de0anded 0e f+ on5 a0fights fo wore a0fin'On
with diityad
aSobeith core what eephr e the following sentences by using a that clause followed by the pre nt
0nary subjunctive.
a Historians recommend reading pop icons' biographies to understand the 80s better
la buysh. had the
tunityc.arrive
dneoeiet be mo
The current law requires every citizen to be treated wnth cigntty and respect
Cornplete each sentence using one of the phre es with the subjunctive
suffice lt to$a¥ • sobelt + come what may + heaven forbid
a Thousands of people moadead the woocstock testoat wnth"ts meywanted the
festal to be a symbol of inclusiveness. The organisers just agreed and said
• ,.
Women leading the feminist moerent were so et.er7nine to get ngts for wore
that they said. We'll stand our ground.
eplace the verb get with.a suitable synonym. Make any necessary changes
a My mother gets at the tems for her 19606 Colle on from the antique shop on the
Corne,
We have to get to the poetry reading session at 9 o'clock sharp or al the seats wit be
taken
Did you get my parcel from the post offoe? m expecting some old rook 'n' roll vinyl
re0ors
Young people are getting more and more interested in the 19805 pop culture
Different voices in
English-speaking countries
Eluaa
f took at these fess.
• Decide wtech of these English-speaking countries were inhabited by io Jige ous
people before the British settled there.
.2 Match each of the following native people to a country and flag from above. TEACHER
Maoris + Aborigines Native Americans land128USA Native
Amneni rd.C Austral
(Ab ii gDNe Zeal nd
The pictures represent part of the cultural tradition of Maoris, Aborigines and M isl
Native Americans 2land22A.totem pole
2. Choose a word to label each of them latie Acneni nst.id
mask 4 mis/C
dreamcatcher • didgeridoo tikd mask
(Ab ii gE the long
the Hongl boomerang
+ totem pole
+
M slF
2.2Match each picture to a particular culture llatie Aeneri nel
LI uoomirsm
TEACHER .Listen to the texts about the native people of some English-speaking
la Moorish. Ab nigines countries and answer the que stions below by ticking(J:Maoris (M),
c.Abe rigines.d.Native Aborigines (A) or Native Americans (NA).
Avner e.Maoist.late
ce-moss.zs-z
iatie Aneni ns.Maoris
Whose main arts carving
•
LAb nigines
2le rnors the 8. Who came fron Asia 30,000 years ago?
Everything lake.akind of
Godbe creates.anireals e. Whose cultures based on storytelling and art?
and everything else in the who makes up149% of the population of the country they vein?
woride. The rabbit wants to
have nice long egs ears[ilea 6. Who. according to statistics has 530.000 people st laing?
deer and sharp fang.ad des t Whoivesin reservations?
g. Who possesses strong spiritual beliefs?
h. Whose culture originated in Ca?
fTheculture of the peoples above is rich in tales and folk stories. Listen to the
traditional story Why the Owl has Big Eyes"of the Native American tribe of the
roquois.
ce-mo
2. d out
a who Rawen0ls
b what hedoes f. why the of looks.ie he does.
e. what the rabbit wants to look lie g. why the rabbet looks lie he does
d. what the ow1wants to look lie
2.2lsthere amoral n this story? Explain
Ls»oasmm
Oral presentation
d The odwants to haves There are similar stories and tales in every culture; sore
nice long neck beautiful red of them are even universal. known and told all over the
fe thers.a nice long beak ad '
world Prepare a ten-minute presentation in which you
a nice crown of pies
e.legatient defiant proud tell the class one of those traditional stories and explain
dis b diet.f.ltwask reno's its meaning and/or moral. You may choose:
punishment for his attitude
A.atraditional local story from your country ,,. -- -- -- -- ---- - -- -- -- -- -- - -- -- -- -- -- - -- -..
glean off before Q reno
had finished him B amore universal tale (Lrttie fed fang Hood
22lfyouare. yo ee Se¢ ) $oat
caret pt 60Whyte an
Compound nouns
Sore tires we join two words to forrn a compound which contains elements of both words in its
meaning.
A Many people see dreacatchers hanging from people'car rear-view mirrors()"
g Aborigines use ddg nidoos in formal ceremonies such as sunsets(_)
Sore corpound nouns are written ars one wor(e.g. sunset). others with a hyphen (e.g. rear-view) ad others
as two words (e.g exercise book). Yet others may be spelt in two or even ttvee ways (egicecreamn
ioe-cean. Ne Crea)
.Choose two words from each column to formn a new compound noun.
r--,,
.
L life
b moon
''
''
''
''
''
''
''
.--------------.
bathe
catching
L cont
l after-ife south
" ht
st
-
'''
b
h. after-bile
e. earth '' '' tine d hand d
'' '
€.
d. hand
L sun '''
'' ''
'''
life
0nade
d.
'
horner de hornete
f. thunder
''
'''
+ ''
'' west
L
f.
b
Now complete the sentences using one of the compound nouns from above.
a. They sailed down the rver by with stars in the clear night sky
b. Many tribes believe that their good deeds w be rewarded in the
c. The entire Island was evacuated. The authorities Issue a severe we.at
her warning
There was aprediction for he.any1an a0a
d. Many indigenous tribes survive today thanks to handicraft
a. Portugal is located in the ofEurope.
6
[ me»as i
.Working in small groups, discuss the difference between the following types of
text.
4. alegend
fNowread the text taken from the Australian Aboriginal folklore and decide
which of the above types best describes it.
Tbuine,
'i 1
I
•
·I
'
.
•
·, .theRtinbo and
the -
s \' - Uandering 6oys
.·
Far to the west in the deep blue sea there dwells o stretched far away untilit was lost to view in the
a great serpent named Thugine His scales ate of dim distance. The cool waves rolled lazy in great
many shimmering colours When a rainbow appears green billows from the outer reef and dashed in a
in the sky. it is Thugine curving his back and the sun haze of sparkling white foam on the hot sands of the
reflecting the colours of his scales palm-fringed beach The song of the sea rose in a
Many years ago. a tribe of blacks camped close to deep loud booming. and gradually died away to.a
a sea beach One morning they all went out to fish low.soft murmuring The boys were lost in wonder
and hunt. with the exception of two boys. whom the at the beauty of the scene Never had they seen such
old men left in charge of the camp. Wander not into an expanse of water sparkling in the sun bike the
o the forest lest the wild dogs eat you. or to the beach blue sky Over its rippled surface the shadows of the
where Thugine the serpent is waiting for children clouds floated like sals across the sun
who wander alone" This was the parting advice of Thugine. the serpent. had seen the boys coming
the old men to the boys from afar. and wtile they played on the beach. he
When the men had departed. the boys played swam swiftly and silently to the shore and seised
about the camp for a while. but they soon grew tired them When the men arrived at the camp. they
of their games. The day was very hot. and in the «s discovered the absence of the boys They searched
distance the boys could hear the dull deep booming the bush all through the night. and at dawn came to
of the surf Both the boys were longing to go to the the beach Far from the shore they saw two black
beach.
but were afraid to speak their desire At last rocks jutting out of the sea Then they knew that
o the elder boy spoke, and said The fires of the sun Thugine had taken the wandering boys and turned
are burning bnight. but on the breeze I can feel the so them into rocks. The men turned their faces again
cool breath of the sea Let us go to the beach and we towards the camp their hearts were heavy and their
shall return before the shadow of night has fallen thoughts were sad
The men will not know." The other boy hesitated and To this day the rocks remain between Double
z was afraid. but at last he yielded. and together they Island Point and Inship Point. When a rainbow
wandered hand in hand through the bush appears in the sky. the old men of the tribe tell the
After walking for some time they came to an story of the disobedience and punishment of the
opening in the trees, and. before their expectant wandering boys
gaze. a wonderful scene unfolded A golden beach
E Look at the text as a whole.
3 Whatis the purpose of the text? Page I68
3.2 Hows that purpose accomplished la4storylroenacicent
ties.about peopieand events
thatrey orma not be true
identify the following narrative elements: bA story that
llyonewithane.a
charts.e.Astory froen
an nttines.es.ge lly pee
thats told to clan
natural events
2.band e.
Page l69
Al The purpe e of the tert is
to Alina story
32lht purpo ·is
by telling the
events the. and
the participants' role in the
[Complete the poem with suitable words and then read it out loud.
Indian pride
Grandfather he did speak a
around the sacred fees peacefully
Of Mother Earth, all she brought forth
our people traveled 60uth west and Orth
170
Indigenous art
.These are examples of art made by the Aborigines, the Maoris and the Native
Americans.
L.A Ab nigies (dot
•
Learnt me sisters
in the power of these
spirits Their role is
togaed the lad and sacred
sites4Mae ilc in9s, also
lone whlrod th
caviare referred b sore
people a the written
langgof the loris
b use the patterns tel
stories.Clatie Aver
Na io bl nlet they are
arts.for their g metric
pattern its original purpose
w to p duce clothing
Native Anet
defies then
in Drearning the
creation tie-hichests
before the le of a person
begin ad continues to eis.t
when the life end
f Nowread the following sayings and what they might say about the life
and culture of the people
Writing genres
Now analyse the tips below on how to organise a narrative looking at the text
you have studied on page 168 as an example
Tbuaine,
the Rdinboana +
Uandering 6oy
- ------------
Orientation
Set the context and
--------
a esolution
.--e-
the participants in the ho
moos.woo • Show how the
4.- --
story.d dee- characters
too
-
.6oboe % solve the
------------
•
--e
--
o
-
he- a unexpected
. --e
.-
_____
0eoe o. events
_
0
---- -
• include the
o-
-e
Complication
6 characters'
- --- b--0
Tell the events as they de ,. acons
a--e-
et
happened.in the e- reaction ad
-
-
expected seq0enOe
feelings about
-o-
ooh.
•
6
incue an expected
---
do the events
surprising event that -ob
- --a-
0ob. e- • Ac your own
creates ten940n
--b
0orentS On
--------- --
he0 -6
-
Le the story.If
-
you le
-bee
APP nucr+
,n
•· .
Sociocultural content TEACHER
1.ls
i.Bearing in mind what you have learned about the indig nous people from English 2e
spealing counties, chooe the correct option fromn the ones given 3e
which of the following countries gain't have indigenous people ling there I4a
before they were colonised by the Bets? 1.5%
a Canada 1$
New Zealand 1.
The USA 18%
Grammar
.Complete the text with.a suitable word
la by whoc. that/which
d stile. with f. inside
fromh. intol on4about
as The most recognised4aont tradition todays the Haka whichs a war dance
Performed before the onset of war, today Athas been nOOrtlSeC
New Zealand's Rugby Teamn, the A Blacks.t performn thus dance before
la lifetimeh me light
c. handm ded every g.are
e. south4 at. Lifestyle Another prominent feature of MaOnt culture is the string tattoos
seale di eaind adorn the face Today the Moko dives onas an increasing number
0fMaon1 opt to receive their Molon an effort to preserve their culture and ConeCt
the herttage
lesteinteratvo
professor/aluno A traditional formn of cooling called a Hangs a feast cc led
earth Stones are heatedina fe nside a dug out pit and covered in cabbage leaves or
watercress to stop the too¢ burning Mutton, pork. chicken, potatoes
a0kurera (a sweet p0tat.o) are then unusually lowered the pttin.a
basket The foods covered wnth mutton cioth or sirnilar and traditionally wrth flax ally
earth is placed top to keep n the heat and steam The food takes
3hours to Cook.The unique taste of food cooled ina Hang can best be
d scribed seared food with an earthen favour
Vocabut y
Useaword from below to form a compound word which gives the sentences a suitable
f ing. Sore are not used
a Sitting Bull was a Teton Dakota Indian chief Dunng hes ft he united the
Sioux trbes in their struggle for survival
Many tribal ceremonies took place under the noon
Many indigenous people survive today by selling od pieces of art le
carvings or blankets.
Most indigenous arts very colourful and.
e. New South Wales, which is located in the $0th of Australia has the highest
percentage of Aboriginal population
Native Americans spanned the continent and the and traditions vaned
from tnbe to tnbe
Before the arrival of European explorers. Ma0nS' dally ife evolved around planting
hunting and gathering $04
Regarding Aboriginal mythology. the_fin Serpent is the oldest recorded rock
shelter painting. b # red to be 7000 years old
[Ee
"
« World-changing events
ln the second half of the 20 century there were
historical events that influenced the world forever,
changing mentalities, ways of life and worldviees
from wars to inventions, from culture to politics,
from music to society.
4
In swnall groups. choose an event which you 0Oler
relevant or which somehow pare a ge era0on. Ince
information about
the event
the year
+ the historical or economic background
-------------'
+ the wayttchanged or marked its decade/century
sf
••
A generation's
inspiration
Choose one of the types of art (literature, music, painting,
cinema) and do some research about an artist that
marked a generation
the decade they edin
+ ther biography
C ECTOR CE
uNNG TE
TEACHER
EASE DATE AWA 2S
I Title: Across the Uhniverse
Director. Julie larymor
etease date 2007 Cast Jin
Sturgess Evan Rachel Wood
fo better understand the film, search for a list of the Beatles'famous songs and
say which ones you are farilia with
Dana Fuchs Genre Drama
musical Running tire I33
rn w vOu WATCH
la.Jude is sitting on a
�[!
' H,.a,tw.••;•;z: �•�•=-••
air.h. Lucy sin9gig to her
Youaregoiogtogothroughthefilmusongthelleatles'soundtrad<th.J.t
accompanies the whole story
•
boyfriend Daniel while they a Lsten to the following excerpts of the songs and say which main characters are
daceat the prone Prudence
being presented and in watcrcuSta0OeS
acheerle d
another git flrtwith [c-moss
player.dJode meet e. want to hold your hand
4when he helg hideg and d. with art
tie help from my friends
they then g out together
32 What developments of the plot are shown to the sound of the following songs?
.2.Jude is pacling his bag
to board ship to Aenenica [c-mors4o
for his father. Lucy a. Ali my loving" • Helter Skelter
ecited bet se Daniel will b. It won't be long" t. Hey Jude
havealewweeks leave roe e. rvejust seen a face" g All you needs love
the arm
a. fifer h Lucy in the sky with amnonds"
3.3 ldenty the historical events that are presented along the story wth the songs
ll co-mesa-4
a Lett be" e. Revolution
b. Iwant you d. While my guttar gently we»p
the uverse
Words are flowing out bike endless rain into a paper cup
They slither widly as they slip away across the universe
pools of sorrow. waves of joy are drifting through my opened mind
possessing and caressing me
EFFECTS
Ja Guru Deva OM
Writeareviewonthe Nothing'sgonna change my world (4x)
film Goto page 196 to
find the guidelines on Images of broken light which dance before me like a mullion eyes
howtowrite areview They call me on and on across the universe
Thoughts meander Like arestless wind inside a letter box
They tumble blindly as they make their way across the universe
Nothing'sgonna change my world (4x) '
wwwyoutube.corn
aces.sedin January 20
watch the opening themes of some famous TV series.
voe0s.22-o Page 6 cot
Match each of them to the TV genies below c.Jude that he is
allgilee withLoe
which decade of the second half of the 20e century do you associate them wnth? dLocy#sprite bing and Jude
tiestosae her roon the
policee.After heaving been
sent back to England Jude
to return to the States
tor Lucy4. The friend
get alter the police
beak a at the
Jude nerein on the roof
ada he sing the police
allow the bend to
BA YWAT
himhLorison
rooftop ad they gaeat each
other
3.3a. Ihe Cl nights
net of young
men to the hetar
e. The anti pr ~
d Martin Lathering's
Get the
towokin sell
9#.adad
each gout
wok o the lyrics
of one of the
songs«plaining
whit might hee
been used at that
part of the film
Page IT
LIL.H2I3A
4.05.86.G
7.E8.F9.C
L2A. 8OE. 7OC. 7OD. 90%
E.BOE. 90G. 90%M. TO
L. 80%
•
ppen IX
,. 180
180
180
Pre tcontinuous 18
Past continuous 18
present perfect simple 82
past perfect simple 82
Present perfect continuous 18.3
{Zz:..-mm= 18.3
184
The genitive 185
The passive 185
Conditional clauses 185
eported speech 186
Most corn0non phrasal verbs 188
189
190
I. wting genres
News report
Anecdote
Narrative
Histonic.al recount
Explanation
Biography
eview
usually. sometimes. always (general use). nearly. almost always. never. seldom. hardy ever, every day (month year,
week. fortnight.), once, twice a week (month, year). every other day (week. month)
L/You/We/They + verb (base form) L/You/We/They + do not (cont) Do +l/you/'we/they + base form of
base formn of the nan verb the main verb
He/She/t + He/She/t + does not (do nt')+ Does + he/she/it + base form of
verb(base form) + s base formn of the nan verb the main verb
verb(base form) ending in
-sh/-ch-ss-x-0t-es
verb(base form) ending in
consonant+y+lies
Past simple
future arrange0entS
events happening now
learn+ nan verb+-ling l +amnnot (r not) + main verb+ -ling Am +l+man verb+ 4ng
He/She/lt is + main verb +ling He/She/lt +is not (is't) + main verb +ing ls+he/she/t + main verb+ -ling
Past continuous
8
Present perfect simple
an action which started in the past buts not fished yet (unfished tone)
an action that happened at an indefinite tire in the past
L/You/We/They + have(ve)+ L/You/We/They + have not (havent) + Hae l/you/we/they main verb
main verb in the past participle main verb in the past participle the past participle
He/She/t +has(s) + main He/Sett + has not ( nt) + main las + he/she/t + fainerbin the
verb the past participle verb in the past participle
e.g. She has left e.g. They haven'tseen the fin yet e.g lave you ever isited New
Zealand
ad
main verb in the past participle not (hacit) + main verb in the nain verb the past participle
e.g. They had finished watching e.g. They haant fished watching e.g. Hait they finished watching
the movie before they started te
the movie before they star te
the movie before they star
(inner 0dinner diner ?
Present perfect continuous
e.g. She has been playing the violin e.g. She hast been playing the e.g. Has she been playing the
for two years Molin for two year$ violin for two years
an action in progress 0er a period of toe before a certain Orne in the past
e.g. rdbeen trying to get in touch e.g. lhaint been trying to getin e.g. Hadlbeen trying to get
wnth tn for the past two touch with hirn when he showeup in touch with hirn wen he
weeks when he su0en/¥ at my door. showed up at my door?
showeupat0ny 0Or
Future tenses
There are many ways of expressing the future in English These are the most
frequent ones
will + base form of the predictions for the future + [be afarnous scientist
fain verb requests. offers. prorSS + wi you help me wrth
these bags
spontaneous e0IS/onS There's someone at the
taken at the moment of door f see whots
will have+ main verb actions completed betore + By this trne tomorrow
a 0irne mentioned in the lwif have firis.et m
future homework
The passive
How to form a passive sentence (the four-step change")
The object in the 2. Add the auxiliary 3 Write the main 4. The subie tin the active sentence
active sentence verb to be"in the verb using the becomes the ge t in the passive
Decor s the Sarne tense as the past participle sentence (preceded by by")
main verb of the Omit this step when the subject is
pass/ve sent.en0e active sentence obvious. unknown Or irrelevant
,-------------
Active ' Hundreds of tourists London
'.._ _,'
s 0
,-------------
.._Passive _,
j London by hundreds of tourists every year
Condltlonal clauses
ft cont4on.a TypET Second cont#one.ypE Third condtioa.ypE3
To refer to real/possible future lo refer to unreal/ hypothetical lo refer to something wtech did
situations situations not happen in the past and tots
US therm
Our their
0urS theirs
Reporting questions
Wh-questions
+ Change the question into a statement and do not use the auxiliary of the question
.g. Where do you study
She asked me where lgtudie d
Yes/No questions
Add if/whether
e.g. Do you live here?
She asked me if/whether [lived there
Ave + You really should eat less. + She advised her to eat less
If you on't give me my money back + He warned her to gve hirn his money baCK
18
Most common phrasal verbs
Building adjectives
l with suffes
-able, -be respectable. accessible exciting
-al natural chicdrsh
-ant,-ent extravagant. obedient fatherly
-an, an republican. Italian rainy
E wre preftuxes
•-
nfferent. loon
mnpossible, rnmnoral
Me t •
mi- misplaced. misunderstood
non-tooc. non-Soong
Building nouns
t wreh suff«es
at.ion examination Cupful
E wre preftuxes
er- ex-wife
.. . '
t.er- intersection
0Me-
gef-
Building verbs
t wreh suffuses E wren orefxes
[ __, shafpen.d,:;:a•"Ueil>horten be befriend
fy sirnplrfy. exernplfy ef enrich. enlarge
-ate regulate. circulate, actvate pro procreate
-lse apologise, tranquilse pre- prearrange
Connectors
L contrast
Athough Used to put two contra.singe.ars in one Sentence
e.g/didn't buy the tablet. although I wanted rt so much
They can be placed at the beginning of the sentence or in
the mite between two contrasting ideas
e.g. She decided to cal tun even though she was furious
with hon
When the sentence begins with the connector, we separate
the twodeas wit.ha0oMa If the connectors use0in the
file, no coronal used
e.g./decided to go swimming whereas he decided to go for
a wa.l
Soas to + They are followed by the infrtvee. after the main Claus.e
In order to e.g./goto the gymsoas to keep fit
E Reason
+ They are folie red by a clause at the beginning of the
sentence or be tween clauses
e.g. Since the teacher has been#i the test has been
postponed The test was postponed as the teacher
has been
E Result
Consequently They are foll reby a sentence a.0 place at the
As a consequenOe beginning ofasentence but referring to a previous one
.gIhavelost my mobile phone. Asa0or uene,I've
lost al my contacts
II. Writing genres
Wat tetanfrteeing? Wal th tortured toe or dolor9ale my tee
G re purpe St
+ hearie
To tell a newsworthy event
from several angles
angf
orientation
lo share fe lings about a
complicating event
{senator event
explanation
thesis
argurents
retteration
News Report
I Purpose
lo engage readers by reporting a news event from anous angles. ts not usually
sequenced in tire although tt locates the events ina specif trne and place
E seases
Headline
Write ashortaneye-catching sent.en0e to nae re.a0ers Curious about the tOpC
Lead
include a paragraph which gees an overview of the basic inf
orTaDion on the Story
who.what. when were and how It happened
Tell what happened developing more etale info4aDion a0de00la0a00$
Use quotations and opinions of the people involved showing rtferent angles
Anecdote
I Purpose
To share feelings about a complicating event
E stages
Orientation
Set the context and the participants in the story. presenting and describing people
actvrties, place and tme
Complication
Evaluation
Evaluate the narrator's feelings about what has happened (explicitly or rnplictty)
E stages
Orientation
+ Set the context and the participants in the story. presenting and e scribing people
actvttes, place and tone.
Complication
Tell the events as they happened in the expected see0en'Ce
prising event that creates ten15/0nl
include an unexpected. Sur
esolution
Show how the characters solve the unexpected event
+ inclurie the characters' actions. reactions and fe lings about the events
Ad your own corr
ens on the story. If you.e
Historical recount
I Purpose
lo engage readers by recounting the stages of a historical event in a tire structured
outie
E suss
Background
+ Set the context of the events presenting place, tire and participants
ecord of stage+
+ Tell the events as they happened following a time structured sequence
E stages
Event
State the phenomenon/event being explainedina paragraph or in a single sentence.
Explanation
explain the multiple causes and/or effects of the phenomenon/event identrfed above
in separate paragraphs
in addition mainly.chefty
what'smore because Of narely
also for this reason1. S0 in particular
aswell that'swhy. due to. therefore for example/nsta0Ce
+ too as aresult/consequee such1as
thus tats
regarding
Biography
I Purpose
To inform the readers about the major events of so0reOe'Ste
El stages
Orientation
Present the person whose life you are going to es0be in general terms (0a0e,
nationality. occupation, rnportant achievements, present situation)
Stage
Describe the stages on the person's fe following a tire sequence. referring to and
0orenting on the main events and achievement.S
efer to birth education relationships. achievements. career, children. death
retirement or present life
E seases
Context
+ introduce the piece that is going to be the subject of the review by going general
factual information about rt (trtie. author, release date, theme, awards..)
Exposition
I!Prose
To argue for a point of view or an 0pinion about as0e0IC IS.Sue
E suases
+ introduce the issue, and state your position by wrtting aremark. asking a question or
simply making.a statement
Arguments
enteration
Write a concusonin which you restate your po5Ion by Sur non.an
ISng your ar'gurnetS
Argumentative text
I Purose
To present two or more different points of view on an issue. by using arguments to
explain a0d 0or9pare al of theon, while expressing yOr Own 0pin'On
E stages
Issue
introduce the s.sue. identifying the subject. Surnmarise the different sides of the
arguments
Sides
Present the argurnents opposed to your own point of view using facts a04ex.a07pies
Present the argurents which support your point of view a0explain thern with facts
and ex.a00es
esolution
Write a conclusion in wth you restate your po5Dion on the Issue by making al
statements urn0nan1Sing your a'gurnentS
although
even tough
+ wtie where.as
hi0wee
inspite of/despite
but
111. Speaking cues
ln order to develop your speaking skills, there are some expre ;sins that may help
you express your ideas in a more accurate and fluent way.
le hate
absolutely
• enjoy + noun/-Ing forrn • really
• can't stand + noun/-ing form
love can't bear
very fond of fond of
rm • een on
+ noun/-Ing forrn f'm • not very • interestedn
+ noun/-Ing formn
really
to t noun
lfd + -ngform • qurte ad tve l prefer
noun
very would
+ -Ing for • to -ingform
rather_ + tan
+ Do we agree on this?
What would you do f you were inmy shoes? + The best thung you can dos.
+ Cant_? + es Of course
• MayL? m afraid that's mnpossble
+
+ This person looks as If_ + They bottall lo0Ok Here Ican see
+ She looks as though + They don't appear to be_ It shows
Perhaps. + tt looks rdsay thiss a
+ Maybe. Perhaps they are. + in the forefront/foreground/see a
.a80.
+ Some tire ago. By the time. Afterwards
+ Once After a while_ What surprised me
+ Not long When in the end
AS $00naS. A of a sudden Eventually_
IV. British and American English
Some differences In vocabulary
Differences in spelling
f words ending in re/-er E words ending in our/-or
rter
manoeuvre
recognize/recognise pat datnc
Have you doe your hoewOrk yet? Did you do your homework yet?
fin British English, have got is often used for the possessive sense of have and
haegot tois informally used for have to. This is much less common in Anenican
English
V. Phonetic chart
- •
• shoot el wait dog 80
, left tounst f free see
'
,
-
teacher f coin • vie0 , 0o
•
-
a 0door e hair this 3 tole son
• e
-
a hat re0use l love
• up mouth • ow r run
•
h
thing
hope
•
,
we
you
202
VI. Vocabulary lists
- -
UnltO
g'nae()
Lor ore t
l to id
0do
a.
cit
L woe (
hoy to voyage (n)
heritage (n) a
Cl m ii ,
-
Unit 1
0a
ago co
()
Lorr 0 a0%
bloody (a0) s.a to loans@ 0rs0
boast ( an0.a
borers (n LJ as to 00%a
(a0)
0on. () nee
8a
070a
Loe s@
-
Leoreere en Lcourt @ 0ch%
pr (a0) re.e0 (a) .bent_,4
00on. nee.a(n
(v) % %.c
a6
no. oh
,.,
toe lg (n)
former (a)
tost .g(
f0one%() furl$
E v
--
One
prong (n)
• (
stretch oft¢
ugate (%)
-
pa
he 000
I
One
•
(ace
ire 6a)
6a0)
00.a.a0%.
bi
6o
•
•f enacy()
sub.i.
poet n% ()
I
ones.pa
()
heh
L ,., (a0)
9
rd
Unlt2
Engh
La+road to
) -
One
verse (er
-. ...
- -
A.ti0aa700i0a(a.) de.igr4.ado
() aha
array (n)
(#)
an 00 L (a) 000f
'
at (m) ()
If ban@o
(m) pod
be
,.,
()
()
n0
a •
()
()
cormorenensoy taco)
t
L
(n)
(a0)
0p
-
() pr El oy()
-
court tine
pre (m) ref
• '
t report (n) el
po
' sp()
()
bola e
• goo
en#gr on(n rig.ao
• •
s.()
t () ab.io
00ope0
ens.eie (a0)
L (4) toed
trade () 0de00
a@
-
t 0.) a0
nt oe(n) inola
..... al
Lowrut ton
(n) rd..
Laso to 0.-.a-
-
oach (A) 00% 3
I
counts
--
a
to
..,-,,+
far be pea
Cl
Luooaston (au git ,lo
-
Cl
Lhosts
house (n)
Unlt4
ne One
I v egooony tan ere
a etc(a4) b%
() Lm rstom @.
(a0f) (m) rental
gned(a atibi
v
low ar norm y( 0or, lee
boner4n (a0)
Cl
Loo @
contemn tary(a0) 0ooh00040
convent al (a0) 00or ha
urne 0a
franc (ad)
0not (a)
Lune to
VII. Irregular verbs list
•-
Sn p$.
-
•
..
0- foe ate
a forgot
-
been f fen
-
been
got
of
8
be ht be et
t dcaet t dart
-
et
let
cal e
ca.gt
c
cn cg
-
de.ant/earn
0
eat4.a
-
a 0a
0a
-
0e
-
0
-
0
-
-e
- p Sn f Sn f0
- -
I.
-
a po s.gee run
a .a .a sad ho0 stood
a .e ho
-
e sou.gt sop st st tel
.el ele sod so l.a to
- - -
00 0 4e sir true
et f � sine stone stung
e so ti
--
a gee sh $.a $ 9
a sheared ho8hoof $ ep
shed geed sh
so shoe ho
-
$en $ 9e
shoot
so
got
he d
shot
• wn
lo
-
hie sh tool a
-
shut gt shut teach ta.gt ta.gt
a sung ha of on
•
--
.a be to told
c
.it at
dept
a
slept
ti
to
thought
the '
ton
e d
ln
.d
slung
tut
ea
•
trod
tut
-
she/need
--- --
o of oeLo I
-
$.0.a .0on
$.po Lo
• en
--- --
.pend .4 .pf .e-
--
$.4 .4 .0 e e p
s.pi 0toed tee
spit spits.oat pt/pet
- ..
sot sot sot
< run
' ere wrun
spoil poi
$.pr.a .4.a $.08.a ie
'
PARA O ALUNO
+Manual do Aluno
+Workbook + Extensive Reading
·Recurses Audio www.linkuptoyoul2te pt
• Apolo Internet www.linkuptoyoul2te.pt
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