Ms.

Bushra Shaikh
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS

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 What do we mean by Abnormal behaviour?

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 What do we mean by Abnormal behaviour?

Deviance
Danger
Dysfunction
Distress

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 Abnormal behaviour is defined by each culture
Homelessness is considered abnormal in some cultures and completely
normal in others

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Activity 1-

On the basis of your

understanding of various criteria
for abnormality, which of these
would you consider as normal or
abnormal behavior?

1. Hemant wears the same lucky

blue shirt for all his major
competitive exams.
2. Seema is not able to fall
asleep easily.
3. Rakesh throws pillows and
pounding fists on the wall
during arguments if he finds
himself losing ground.
4. Reena always experiences
fear but is not able to specify
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what is so scary.
 Nature of Psychological
Disorders

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 Mental Health Continuum

Stage 1 Extremely Healthy Stage 2 Moderately Healthy Stage 3 Moderately Unhealthy Stage 4 Extremely Unhealthy

STAGE :1 Extremely Healthy

• Positive and are functioning well.

• show stable mood.
• Calm, peaceful and satisfied with life.
• Feel motivated and energetic.
• Physically as well as psychologically healthy.

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 STAGE :2 Moderately Healthy

• Neutral and reactive.

• Nervous and worried at times and get affected
by the stressors of life.
• Cause anxiety and this can affect their
performance.
• Feel tired soon and may lack energy.
• More realistic and accept their limitations and
constraints placed by the environment.
• Healthy diet and healthy lifestyle.

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 STAGE :3 Moderately Unhealthy

• Show signs of psychological damage and

moderately ill.
• Experience negative feelings.
• lack motivation to take up new challenges.
• Feel tired while completing their daily
routine or work.
• Even turn towards drug abuse or alcohol.
• Show clear signs of mental illness
• Still be productive and functioning
properly
• Find difficult to do it.
• Find the realistic root cause of the stress
• Help of emotional support

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STAGE :4 Extremely Unhealthy

• Clear signs of major psychological disorder.

• show extreme distress and impairment in all three areas of functioning, i.e. mental,
emotional and social.
• Need professional care and treatment.

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 Criteria for Psychological
Disorders
• Clinically significant syndrome
1.

• Distress and Impairment

2.

• Dysfunction
3.

• Response
4.

• Behaviour
5.
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 Mental Wellness….

Karan an 18 year old student, Pramila is an 18 year old, whose

got admission in one of the father died recently. She is eldest in
reputed engineering colleges. the family. She and her mother are
extremely worried about the
After few weeks he starts financial crisis that they are soon
finding engineering going to face. So she took up a job
uninteresting and difficult. He during daytime and joined a night
feels doing engineering is college. She feels extremely tired
useless and a waste of time. and tensed most of the time. She is
He keeps himself out of the hopeful that she will soon be able to
classes and spends most of his change the situation. She dreams that
time wandering around the one day she will establish an
campus. He feels his life is a organization that will help all the
needy students in the matters of
waste. financing their higher studies.

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 Activity 3

Now decide who you find • Lalita's parents are always fighting.
functioning better than the other Her father is an alcoholic and beats
in spite of illness. Why? everyone in the family. She is
• Santosh is a drug addict. He has extremely sad and is not able to
realized that his habit of taking focus on her studies. She has
drugs has caused him a lot of
stopped interacting with anyone
damage, physically,
psychologically, socially as well including her friends. She feels very
as financially. Now he is lonely and feels that her life is of no
determined to put an end to his use to anyone. She feels her future
habit. He failed in many of his is dark and gloomy. When asked
attempts. But he is convinced about what she wants to do in
that with continuous treatment, future, she says that she has no
he will be able to lead a normal goals in life. She feels very tired and
healthy life again and will be
says she is fed up with life.
able to fulfill the needs of the
family.

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 Definition of Mental Wellness
• World Health Organization (WHO) defines mental wellness as, "a state of
wellbeing in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope up
with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is
able to make contribution to his or her community."

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 Mental Disorders- Its Classification

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental

Disorders(DSM)

International Classification of Diseases and Related

Health Problems (ICD)

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 Anxiety Disorders

• One day Hema was driving back

home from her office. Suddenly she
felt her heart beats were increasing.
She felt breathless and was perspiring
profusely. She felt so scared that she
stopped the car and got out of it
immediately. This continued for many
days and the frequency of such
experiences kept on increasing. Due
to this she started getting scared of
driving in heavy traffic. If she was
driving in heavy traffic she felt as if
she would die. As a result she
completely stopped driving the car.
After a period of time she even
stopped stepping out of the house.
Frequently she started getting crying
spells. She was diagnosed as suffering
from Anxiety Disorder.
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 DEFINITION

When a person feels nervous or worried without any

obvious reason for a long time such that it starts
interfering with the daily life, it is called Anxiety
Disorder.

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 Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Symptoms: Extreme fear of the unknown, increased heart

beats, irritability, frequent headaches, frequent worry, lack of sleep,
sensation of vomiting, uneasiness, breathlessness, blackouts, etc.
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 Phobic Disorders
Ninad went for his college picnic.
From the top of a hill when he
looked down he felt an unexplained
fear. Few days later when he went
to his uncle's house and looked
down from 15th floor he
experienced the same fear.
Thereafter he noticed the same fear
whenever he looked down from
certain height. He realized that his
fear is not normal. These are
symptoms of Acrophobia.

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 Depressive Disorders
• Vinita is 35 years old working lady having two children. Except for earlier few years of
marriage, she had disturbed married life due to constant quarrels over small issues with
her husband. This resulted into a divorce for which she was totally unprepared. As a result
she became very disappointed and lost all hope. She started feeling lonely, frustrated,
stressed and started blaming herself for the divorce. The stress of financial crisis and
children's education led to disturbances of sleep. She also started experiencing frequent
health complaints. She was feeling sad all the time. These are symptoms of depressive
disorder.

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10/22/2020 Bipolar Disorder 25
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 Types of Stress Disorders

• Acute Stress Disorder

1.

• Post Traumatic Stress Disorder

2. (PTSD)

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 Acute Stress Disorder
• 39 years old Vinesh is a working man
and was staying with wife and two
children. One night while returning from
work, he was surrounded by few
gangsters, was beaten ruthlessly, they
snatched away all his belongings and
threatened to kill him. He started
begging for his life. They tied him to an
electric pole, tortured him physically and
left. After a long time somehow Vinesh
managed to rescue himself and went to
the police station. Three days later, he
started getting nightmares, started
getting illusions, was extremely scared
most of the time, started getting flash
backs of the incidence again and again,
could not sleep well and this felt
extremely frustrated. Not only that but
he could not concentrate on work. He
was diagnosed as suffering from Acute
Stress Disorder.

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 Stages of Trauma

Shock Suggestible Recovery

Stage Stage Stage

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 Substance-related and Addictive Disorders

Mohan is a 20 year old post graduate

student. He lives at home with his parents
and elder sister, Payal. Mohan's father is
an alcoholic. He feels that everyone in his
family pampers Payal and ignores him.
He feels very neglected at home because
of that. One day his friends invited him
for a party where alcohol was being
served. At the party he consumed alcohol
for the first time and liked it. Gradually he
started drinking regularly and even after
joining work he continued to drink,
sometimes he would go to work in a
drunken state. His performance at work
started declining. He couldn't stay without
alcohol, this is an indication of addiction.

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• Ronnie, a 20 years old youth joined a firm after completion of his
graduation. Soon he became popular as a hard working and enthusiastic
person but he didn't like to intermingle with his co-workers . In few days
people started noticing the changes in him. He started remaining absent
from the work, at home too he remained quiet most of the time, he started
experiencing hallucinations, he started feeling as if someone is following
him. He started talking to himself and was extremely apathetic. He
constantly felt that someone is talking about him and is criticizing him. He
felt as if someone is planning to kill him. He was diagnosed as suffering
from Schizophrenia.
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 • A Swiss psychologist, Paul Eugene Bleuler used the term Schizophrenia for
the first time in 1911.
• The term Schizophrenia is made from two terms, Schizein (which means
split) and Phren (which means mind).
• So the term Schizophrenia means split mind.
• This disorder is not easily seen among children, but mainly starts in
adolescence young adulthood.
• In comparison to females it is found more frequently among males.

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 Signals Indicating Need For Professional Help

• Inability to concentrate
• Inability to sleep well
• Various physical complaints
• Uncontrollable and frequent bad
thoughts
• Too intense uncontrollable
negative feelings
(fear, anger, sadness, worry, etc.)
• Severe confusion Memory loss
• Loss of interest in activities and
friends
• Odd or irrational statements or
strange use of words or way of
speaking
• Self-harm
• Signs of self-neglect
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 Identifying and treating Psychological Disorders

• Pharmacotherapy
• Psychotherapeutic techniques
 Rational Emotive Behaviour
Therapy
 Humanistic therapy
 Gestalt therapy
 Interpersonal psychotherapy
 Family and couple therapy.

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 Conclusion
• There are many signals that can indicate onset or presence of
psychological disorders which can be helpful to identify them
at an early stage.
• There are different therapies for the treatment of mental
disorders that are available.
• Only mental health professionals are qualified to make
decisions regarding which treatment plan to follow.

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