Module-A

Introduction to Road Development Process

 Infrastructure Planning can be conceived as a multi
– stage process.

 The infrastructure Planning Process must take into

account the local context.
 Local needs should be satisfied
 The project should comply with the existing
institutional and legal frameworks
 The project should align with political objectives and
ideology
 The project should be technically and economically

feasible

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Various Stages of Infrastructure Planning &Development

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1. Concept, Initiation & Exploration of the Project - A
Holistic Proposal
2. SOS (Strategic option Study) & Prioritisation of the
sections / stretches :– based primarily on:
• Traffic volume - ADT. / Peak Hr. Traffic/ Commercial
vehicle
• Edge friction
• Carriageway width
• V/C Ratio
• Journey Speed

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• Condition of Existing Bridge especially large bridges.
• Bottlenecks if any.
• Population served by the section
• Development Potential - Connectivity to
 Tourist Attraction
 Industrial Hub
 Large – Factory
 Large Hospital
 Administrative Hub
 Famous Religious Place

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 AN OUTLINE OF TRADITIONAL PROCUREMENT
PROCEDURE
Step-1
Preparation of various reports, establishing the prioritization,
economic and financial viability, environmental and social
impact assessment and detail engineering with estimated cost
and preparation of international bid document for contracting.

Step-2
Once the bid document is ready, a contractor is procured to
carry out the project and also a supervision consultant is
appointed to supervise the contractor’s job at site.

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 Sequence of Activities in Step-1

Notice inviting EOI 

Short-listing 
Invitation for RFP 
Submission of Proposal 
Proposal Evaluation 
Negotiation 
Award

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 Sequence of Activities in Step-1
Notice inviting EOI  Short-listing  Invitation for
RFP  Submission of Proposal  Proposal
Evaluation  Negotiation  Award  QAP 
Inception Report  Feasibility Report  PPR 
DPR  ICB Document

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 Sequence of Activities in Step-1
Notice inviting EOI  Short-listing  Invitation for
RFP  Submission of Proposal  Proposal
Evaluation  Negotiation  Award  QAP 
Inception Report  Feasibility Report  PPR 
DPR  ICB Document
 EXPRESSION OF INTEREST (EOI)

• Company Profile
• General Qualifications & Experience
• Experience in the Field of Highway & Transportation
• Relevant Services Carried Out & Ongoing Projects
• Financial Status
 REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL (RFP)

Section 1: General
• LOI (Letter of Invitation)
• Information to Consultants
• Introduction
• Standard Forms and submittal required for
Technical Proposal
• Standard Forms with submittal required for
Financial Proposal
• Date of Opening of Proposal
• Proposal Evaluation
• Negotiation
• Award of Contract
• Standard Form of Contract
Section 2 : Terms of Reference (TOR)
• Background of Project
• Outline of Scope of Services
• Sequence of Project Preparation
• Schedule of Completion
• Data, Services and Facilities to be provided by the
Client
• Description of the Final Output (reports, drawings,
number of copies etc.)
• Procedure for Review of Report
• List of Key Positions
Requirements of Key Personnel (Typical)
• Highway Engineer
• Pavement Specialist
• Bridge Specialist
• Traffic Engineer
• Material-cum-Geotechnical Engineer
• Survey Engineer
• Transport Economist
• Environmental Specialist
• Resettlement Specialist
 PROPOSAL

Technical proposal
Firms reference with past experience & PDS
Comments and suggestions on TOR and on data
services and facilities to be provided by the client.
Description of the methodology and work plan for
performing the assignment
Team composition and task assignments
CVs of proposed key professional staff
Activity (work) schedule
Time schedule for professional personnel
 Financial proposal
Summary of cost
Break down price per activity
Break down of remuneration of key professionals
Reimbursable cost
Miscellaneous expenses, if any
 EVALUATION OF PROPOSAL

Technical Proposal is evaluated giving

appropriate weightages to different aspects

Generally, a minimum mark (say, 75%) is required for

qualifying into technical evaluation - then the financial
bids are opened and evaluated

During financial evaluation, 100% marks is given to the

consultant with lowest price and for other consultants,
the marks is reduced in proportion to quoted price
FINAL NEGOTIATION AND AWARD OF CONTRACT

Based on the combined score of technical and

financial evaluation, the highest ranking consultant is
asked to negotiate / clarify / confirm availability of
their key personnel once more for the project, and on
compliance, the contract is awarded to the consultant.

QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN

Quality Assurance Plan (QAP) is the consultant’s

commitment to producing a quality DPR
QUALITY ASSURANCE PLAN
QAP comprises of
• Quality goals and objectives
• Purpose of QAP
• Elements of Quality Assurance System Approach and
methodology

QAP to be formulated for

• Topographic Surveys
• Traffic Surveys
• Geo-technical & Material Investigations
• Condition survey & Design of Bridges & Structures
• Design of Highway and Pavement
• Economic and Financial Analysis
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• Environmental & Social Impact Assessment
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INCEPTION REPORT

To convey to the client the clear understanding of the

TOR and define in details the methodology

 Introduction and Objective

 Site Appreciation

 Methodology

 Secondary data collection

 Primary data collection

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FEASIBILITY REPORT
Prepared and submitted within a period of normally 3
to 4 months
• Executive Summary
• Key Plan with exact location of various traffic surveys and
homogeneous sections
• Methodology Adopted for the studies
• Description of Technical / Engineering alternatives
• Requirement of Service Roads and Toll Plaza
• Traffic Surveys and Analysis
• Preliminary inspection reports on bridges and other
structures etc.
• List of structures needing repair / rehabilitation with
approximate cost
• List of ROB / RUB / Major and Minor Bridges 26
FEASIBILITY REPORT

• Requirement of new ROB / RUB / Bridges / Flyovers

• Project Description
• Preliminary Environmental Analysis and Screening
• Preliminary Social Impact Screening
• Strip Plan showing details of utilities that may need shifting
• Pavement study and identification of sections for carrying out
representative tests
• Ball Park cost estimate
• Preliminary economic analysis based on assumed
parameters where authenticated result is not available
• Indicative design standards and specification
• Conclusions and recommendations
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PRELIMINARY PROJECT REPORT
(i) Executive Summary & Conclusions

(ii) Introduction: Objective and scope of work, Design

Philosophy, Structure of the report

(iii) Methodology: Different aspects to be covered: Traffic,

Pavement, Drainage, Bridge & Culverts, Highway Planning,
Environmental Screening and Impact Assessment, Social and
Resettlement Action Plan, Cost Analysis, Economic Evaluation

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PRELIMINARY PROJECT REPORT
iv) Description of Project Stretch with Location Map
Starting KM of NH / SH - Name of the Place – the ending Km of
the NH / SH, new Km of SH / NH - at what KM it crosses any NH
or SH or MDR. The name of the States / districts it passes
through - and at what Km. Suggestive homogeneous sections –
based on a) Traffic b) Pavement type and condition c)
Construction Packages. Description of terrain - Hilly / Rolling /
Plain. ROW - existing number of CD's, bridges - Causeways and
missing bridges. . The forest boundary from KM to KM. Type of
development along the stretch – ribbon development – semi-
urban area – urban area. Schools / Health Centers / weekly
market / places of worship etc.

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PRELIMINARY PROJECT REPORT
(v) Highway Design: Comply with various IRC codes,
MOST guidelines and International standards; Service roads,
underpasses (pedestrian and vehicular), parking areas, toll
plazas, weighing stations, lay byes, intersections (grade
separated & at grade), drainage, illumination, guard rails,
antiglare measures and traffic signs; Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
based on topographical survey and alignment (Horizontal &
Vertical) using any of the highway software e.g. InRoads Select
CAD, HEADS, MX Roads

vi) Traffic Survey: Classified Traffic Volume counts at Mid

Block – 24 hrs x 7 days; Turning Movement Count at important
Intersections – During Peak Hours; Origin-Destination Survey –
24 hrs; Speed & Delay Survey; Pedestrian Count Survey;
Parking Surveys; Spot Speed Survey; Willingness to Pay Toll
Survey; Axle Load Survey 32
PRELIMINARY PROJECT REPORT
(vii) Topographic Survey and Special Findings:
Location of B.M & Intermediate station pts, ROW, Demarcation
of forest area, Starting and End of any SH or MDR, Identification
of intersections specially with NH, SH & MDR, Locations of
school or health care centre or weekly market place, the cross
section of the rivers 200m on either side of a bridge, etc.

(viii) Pavement: Pavement Condition, Shoulder Condition,

Embankment Condition

(ix) Drainage & Hydrological Survey: Address the

shortfall in existing system, drainage layer under pavement,
catchment area, longitudinal drains in urban / semi-urban area /
culverts and bridges; Hydrological Survey: Drainage
Characteristic of the Area, Design Discharge of rivers /streams,
High Flood Levels (HFL) 33
PRELIMINARY PROJECT REPORT
(x) Geotechnical and Material Investigations:
Geophysical characteristics, types of soil on the stretch, their
characteristics, effect on pavement and drainage design.
Construction material sources; Some of the tests are: Liquid
Limit Plastic Limit, Grain Size Analysis; Modified Proctor
Compaction Test; CBR test; Triaxial compression test
(unconsolidated undrained); Direct shear test (consolidated
quick condition); Triaxial shear test (consolidated undrained
condition); Plate bearing test etc.

(xi) Bridges & Culverts: Number and type of existing

bridges, missing Bridges, condition of existing culverts, cause for
deterioration, rectification measure – number of bridges and
culverts to be repaired / strengthened /reconstructed, new
bridges and culverts to be constructed etc.
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PRELIMINARY PROJECT REPORT
(xii) Social Study: Area and Demographic feature, State
Economy, Agriculture, Live stock, Forestry, Mining, Industries,
Transport profile etc.

(xiii) Environmental Impact Assessment: Peoples

perception - air / noise pollution, Physical environment –
destruction / dislocation of man made resources, Biological
environment – destruction / disruption of natural resources,
Mitigation measures

(xiv) Project Cost Estimate: Specification of Roads and

Bridges by MORTH and PWD Price Schedule of the state
through which the stretch is passing

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PRELIMINARY PROJECT REPORT
(xv) Economic Evaluation: Which project has
the highest rate of return? Which project requires
a certain build-up period before qualifying benefits
are achieved? In which year of a project's life the
cut-off ratio is reached (or exceeded) for the first
time?

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DIFFERENCE BETWEEN FEASIBILITY & PP REPORT
The basic difference lies in the allocated time frame
In the feasibility stage, best/optimum alignment and
various technical improvements of the project stretch
after considering relevant environmental and social
impacts, cost-effectiveness and economic viability are
worked out.
The preliminary project report aims at providing a
selected workable proposal with more details to arrive
at a realistic cost assessment. The proposal is
studied for any discrepancy or bottleneck, which may
be faced during preparation of DPR. The scheme
drawings are developed further to provide all the
parameters necessary for the detailed drawings. 37
DETAIL PROJECT REPORT AND ICB DOCUMENT
DPR includes detailed designs and drawings,
including good for construction drawings, preparation
of cost estimates, bid documents etc. as per the
approved PPR and RAP (Rehabilitation Action Plan)
complying with all directions given by the client while
approving the PPR and RAP

ICB documents comprises Technical Specification,

BOQ & Detail Drawings (as in the DPR), Conditions of
Contract etc. as per International Standards and
following World Bank / ADB guidelines

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Thank you……
Typical Secondary Data
• SOI Topographic Sheets
• Geological Maps of the area
• Satellite Mapping (for long by-pass)
• The GTS benchmark locations and corresponding levels
• Any Vision Statement/ Report on the strategy of future
development of the PIA
• Previous traffic counts data for the last 6- 10 years
• The Geo-technical data of old/new bridge and cross
drainage structures/areas
• PWD identified quarry for Sand, Stone Chips and other
building materials

BACK
Typical Secondary Data
• Existing Schedule of Rates of the States / Districts
• Authenticated information on the Right of Way (ROW)
• Meteorological Data
• Classified Vehicle Registration data of the states (PIA), at
least for the last 5 years
• Underground / Overhead Utilities which may need shifting or
affect widening / geometric improvement
• Statistical / Economic data of the PIA for the last 5 / 10 years
e.g. NSDP, PCI, Population etc.
• Accident Information and identification of potentially black
spots

BACK
Typical primary data collection
Traffic Survey
Topographical Survey
Preliminary Inventory Survey

BACK