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Lesson 5. The Binary Vapor Rankine Power Cycles

The binary cycle is an attempt to overcome some of the shortcomings of water and to approach the ideal working fluid by using two fluids. A binary vapor Rankine power cycle consists of two separate Rankine vapor power cycles that use different working fluids. In binary vapor cycles, the condenser of the high temperature cycle (also called the toping cycle) serves as the boiler of the low temperature cycle (also called the bottoming cycle). That is, the heat output of the high temperature cycle i

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280 views

Lesson 5. The Binary Vapor Rankine Power Cycles

The binary cycle is an attempt to overcome some of the shortcomings of water and to approach the ideal working fluid by using two fluids. A binary vapor Rankine power cycle consists of two separate Rankine vapor power cycles that use different working fluids. In binary vapor cycles, the condenser of the high temperature cycle (also called the toping cycle) serves as the boiler of the low temperature cycle (also called the bottoming cycle). That is, the heat output of the high temperature cycle i

Uploaded by

SHERWIN MOSOMOS
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lesson 5.

THE BINARY VAPOR RANKINE POWER CYCLES

Generally, water is used a working fluid in vapor power cycle as it is found to be better
than any other fluid, but it is far from being the ideal one. The most important desirable characteristics of
the working fluid suitable for vapour cycles are: 

1 .A high critical temperature and a safe maximum pressure.


2. Low- triple point temperature
3. Condenser pressure is not too low.
4. High enthalpy of vaporization
5. High thermal conductivity
6. It must be readily available, inexpensive, inert and non-toxic.

Not surprisingly, no fluid possesses all these characteristics. Water comes the closest, although it
does not fare well with respect to characteristics 1 and 3. Water has a low critical temperature (374C, well
below the metallurgical limit) and very high saturation pressures at high temperatures (16.5Mpa at 350C)

The binary cycle is an attempt to overcome some of the shortcomings of water and to approach
the ideal working fluid by using two fluids. A binary vapor Rankine power cycle consists
of two separate Rankine vapor power cycles that use different working fluids. In binary vapor cycles, the
condenser of the high temperature cycle (also called the toping cycle) serves as the boiler of the low
temperature cycle (also called the bottoming cycle). That is, the heat output of the high temperature cycle
is used as the heat input of the low temperature cycle.

Some working fluids found suitable for the high temperature cycle are mercury, sodium,
potassium, and sodium-potassium mixtures. The critical temperature of mercury is 898C (well above the
current metallurgical limit), and its critical pressure is only about 18MPa. This makes mercury a very
suitable working fluid for the topping cycle.

The use of mercury-water binary cycles in the United States dates back to 1928. Several such
plants have been built since then in the New England area, where fuel cost are typically higher. A small
(40MW) mercury steam power plant that was in service in New Hampshire in 1950 had a higher thermal
efficiency than most of the large modern power plants in use at that time.
Studies show that thermal efficiencies of 50% or higher are possible with binary cycles.
However, binary vapor cycles are not economically attractive because of their high initial cost and the
competition offered by the combined gas –steam power plants(Cengel and Boles, 2008).

Analysis of Binary Vapor Cycle

The layout of mercury-steam binary vapor cycle is shown in the figure below. Along with the
depiction of T-S diagram figure. Since mercury having high critical temperature and low critical pressure
which makes a suitable working fluid will act as high temperature cycle (topping cycle) and steam cycle
will act as low temperature cycle.

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