9A Grammar  if + past, would + base form

(second conditional)
 a Write second conditional sentences for the pictures.

1 Which would you choose if you could only 2 You better if you
have one? (you choose, can) more exercise. (feel, get)

3 They happier if they 4 I there if I

in that cage. (be, not live) you. (not swim, be)

5 I somebody if I 6 it if she
French. (ask, can speak) the money? (she buy, have)

7 If she sick, she 8 He scared if it

to work. (not be, go) so big. (not be, not be)

  b First or second conditional? Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb.
1 What will we do tomorrow if it rains (rain)?
2 If I had a lot of money, I ’d buy (buy) a horse.
3 She’d pass her test if she (study) harder.
4 I’m sure she (lend) you the money if you ask her nicely.
5 I’d like your dog more if he (not be) so noisy!
6 If I (not see) you this evening, I’ll see you on Friday.
7 I (not say) anything to Julio if you don’t want me to.
8 If you (not hurry up), we’ll miss the train.
9 If I were you, I (not go) to Canada in the winter.
10 What you (do) if you found a snake in your bed?

activation

c Cover the sentences in a and look at the pictures. Remember the second conditionals.

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 9B Grammar present perfect + for and since
 a Complete the sentences with the present perfect of the verb given + for or since if necessary.

work
How long has your daughter worked in New York?
1 A 
She’s worked there for four years.
B 

four years
have
2 A How long you your cat?
I
B  it a few weeks now.

a few weeks
be married
3 A 
How long you ?
I
B  1981.

1981
know
4 A 
How long they
each other?
They
B  each other
50 years.
50 years

live
5 A 
How long you here?
We
B  here 2006.

2006

have
6 A 
How long you
this phobia?
I
B  it about 2010.
A Hmm… about 2010

be
7 A 
How long you
on this team?
I
B  on it I was 17.
I was 17

  b Test your memory. Cover the sentences. Look at the pictures. Can you remember the sentences?

activation

c Write four sentences about yourself, two with the present perfect + for, and two with the present
perfect + since.

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 9C Grammar present perfect or simple past?
 a Complete the dialogues with the present perfect or the simple past.

1 A How long have you played (play) the violin?

Since I was (be) four. I
B  (love) music
all my life.
A Was it a difficult instrument to learn?
Yes. I
B  (not be) very good when I
(start).

2 A  your brother (finish) college?

B Yes, he (finish) three weeks ago.
A What’s he going to do now?
B He (not decide) yet.

3 A Where do your parents live?

They
B  (live) in Arizona since last year. But before that they (live)
in Michigan.
A Why they (leave) Michigan?
B Because my dad (retire).

4 A 
I (see) Oliver yesterday. He (tell) me about your plans to move
to Beijing.
B Yes, I’m very excited… and a little nervous, too.
A you ever (live) abroad before?
B No, never. I (never be) very interested in foreign travel.
A How about your wife?
B Oh, Sofia loves traveling! She (visit) a lot of different countries.

5 A you (hear) about Andy and Francesca?

B No. What?
A They (separate).
B Really? That’s a shame. I (think) they were very happy together.

6 A Is your brother married?

Yes, he
B  (be) married for a long time. About ten years. He (fall) in
love with Sarah when they were both in high school. They (get) married when they
(be) only 18.

  b Practice the dialogues in a with a partner.

activation

c Write a four-line dialogue beginning with Have you ever…?

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