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    Special Tests For The Knee

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    MRITUNJAY KUMAR SHARMA
    The document describes several tests used to detect injuries to the knee. Tests for meniscus tears include joint line tenderness, McMurray's test, and Ege's test. Tests for ligament injuries include the Lachman test for the ACL, anterior drawer test and pivot shift test also for the ACL, and posterior drawer test for the PCL. Varus and valgus tests check the LCL and MCL. The dial test checks for posterolateral rotatory instability. Tests for patellar problems include the patellar grind test, patellar facet tenderness test, and patellar apprehension test.

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    Special Tests For The Knee

    Uploaded by

    MRITUNJAY KUMAR SHARMA
    130 views2 pages
    The document describes several tests used to detect injuries to the knee. Tests for meniscus tears include joint line tenderness, McMurray's test, and Ege's test. Tests for ligament injuries include the Lachman test for the ACL, anterior drawer test and pivot shift test also for the ACL, and posterior drawer test for the PCL. Varus and valgus tests check the LCL and MCL. The dial test checks for posterolateral rotatory instability. Tests for patellar problems include the patellar grind test, patellar facet tenderness test, and patellar apprehension test.

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    Special Tests for the Knee

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    The document describes several tests used to detect injuries to the knee. Tests for meniscus tears include joint line tenderness, McMurray's test, and Ege's test. Tests for ligament injuries include the Lachman test for the ACL, anterior drawer test and pivot shift test also for the ACL, and posterior drawer test for the PCL. Varus and valgus tests check the LCL and MCL. The dial test checks for posterolateral rotatory instability. Tests for patellar problems include the patellar grind test, patellar facet tenderness test, and patellar apprehension test.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    130 views2 pages

    Special Tests For The Knee

    Uploaded by

    MRITUNJAY KUMAR SHARMA
    The document describes several tests used to detect injuries to the knee. Tests for meniscus tears include joint line tenderness, McMurray's test, and Ege's test. Tests for ligament injuries include the Lachman test for the ACL, anterior drawer test and pivot shift test also for the ACL, and posterior drawer test for the PCL. Varus and valgus tests check the LCL and MCL. The dial test checks for posterolateral rotatory instability. Tests for patellar problems include the patellar grind test, patellar facet tenderness test, and patellar apprehension test.

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    Special Tests for the Knee

    Tests to Detect a Meniscus Tear

     Joint Line Tenderness


    Joint line tenderness is a very non-specific test for a meniscus tear. The area of the meniscus is
    felt, and a positive test is considered when there is pain over the area where the meniscus is found.
     McMurray's Test
    McMurray's test is performed with the patient lying flat (non-weight bearing) and the examiner
    bending the knee. A click is felt over the meniscus tear as the knee is brought from full flexion to
    90 degrees of flexion.
     Ege's Test
    Ege's test is a specific maneuver to detect a meniscus tear. With a patient squatting, an audible
    and palpable click is heard/felt over the area of the meniscus tear. The patient's feet are turned
    outwards to detect a medial meniscus tear, and turned inwards to detect a lateral meniscus tear.

    Tests to Detect Ligament Injury

     Lachman Test
    The Lachman test is the best test to diagnose an ACL tear. With the patient lying flat and relaxed,
    the examiner bend the knee slightly, about 20 degrees. The examiner then stabilizes the thigh
    while pulling the shin forward. Both the amount of translation (shifting) as well as the feel of the
    endpoint offer information about the ACL.
     Anterior Drawer Test
    The anterior drawer test is also performed with the patient lying flat. The knee is bent 90 degrees
    and the shin is pulled forward to check the stability of the ACL. An intact ACL will only allow the
    shin to come forward slightly. A torn ACL will allow the shin to move further forward.
     Pivot Shift Test
    The pivot shift test is a difficult maneuver to perform on a patient who is not under anesthesia. This
    test places a stress on the knee joint that forces a subluxation (partial dislocation) in patients who
    do not have an ACL. This test recreates the type of instability that caused the ACL injury.
     Posterior Drawer Test
    The posterior drawer is performed similarly to the anterior drawer test. This test detects injury to
    the PCL. By pushing the shin backward, the integrity of the PCL is tested. Excessive movement of
    the shin backwards is a sign of PCL injury.
     Varus and Valgus Instability
    Varus and valgus instability tests check the LCL and MCL, respectively. With the patient lying flat,
    and the knee held at about 30 degrees of flexion, the shin is shifted to each side. Insufficiency of
    the LCL or MCL will allow the knee to "open up" excessively. The test is repeated with the leg
    straight. If the knee still opens up excessively, then more than just the LCL or MCL was torn.
     Dial Test
    The dial test checks the rotation allowed at the knee joint. Patients who have posterolateral
    rotatory instability, may have excessive rotation at the knee joint. The test is done with the patient
    lying face down, and the knees bent about 30 degrees. The feet are turned outwards and compared
    to each other. Excessive rotation is a sign of posterolateral corner injury.

    Tests to Detect Kneecap Problems

     Patellar Grind Test


    Patellar grinding is a nonspecific test where the examiner feels for abnormal grinding sensations
    under the kneecap with movement of the joint. If pressure on the kneecap recreates the symptoms
    this may indicate the kneecap is the culprit.
     Patellar Facet Tenderness
    The examiner can slightly lift up the kneecap and place direct pressure on the undersurface of the
    kneecap. By doing so, the examiner is looking for sensitive regions of cartilage underneath the
    kneecap.
     Patellar Apprehension Test
    Patellar apprehension is a sign of an unstable kneecap. While the examiner places pressure on the
    kneecap, the patient may complain of the sensation that the kneecap is going to 'pop out' of its
    groove. This is a sign of kneecap instability.

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