PHYSICAL STATES OF MATTER

Long Answers Questions

Q1. Explain the typical properties of gases. 09205001
Q2.(Ex. Q.1) Define Boyle’s law and verify it with an example. (Board 2014,16) 09205002
Q3. In which units is blood pressure measured? 09205003
Q4.(Ex. Q.2)Define and explain Charles Law of gases. (Board 2014) 09205004
Q5. Explain Absolute Temperature Scale. 09205005
Q6. Explain the role of intermolecular forces in physical states of matter. 09205006
Q7. Define and explain Evaporation Process. 09205007
Q8. Explain the factors affecting evaporation. 09205008
Q9.(Ex. Q.3) What is vapour pressure and is how it affected by intermolecular forces? 09205009
Q10. Describe the factors affecting vapour pressure. (Board 2013) 09205010
Q11.(Ex. Q.4)Define Boiling Point and also explain, how it is affected by different factors.
Q12. Explain Freezing point. / What is meant by freezing point of a liquid? 09205012
Q13.(Ex. Q.5)Describe the phenomenon of diffusion in liquids along with factors which influence
it. 09205013
Q14. Explain the density of liquids. 09205014
Q15. Explain typical properties of solid state. 09205015
Q16.(Ex. Q.6) Differentiate between crystalline and amorphous solids. (Board 2014, 15) 09205016
Q17. Define Allotropy and explain it with examples. 09205017
Q18. Explain the curing with salt to preserve meat. 09205018
Q19. Explain change of instrumentation as the science progresses. 09205019

Book Examples
Example 5.1 09205020 Example 5.3 09205022
A gas with volume 350 cm3 has a A sample of oxygen gas has a volume of
pressure of 650 mm of Hg. If its pressure is 250 cm3 at -30 oC. If gas is allowed to
reduced to 325 mm of Hg, calculate what expand up to 700 cm3 at constant pressure,
will be its new volume? find out its final temperature.
Data: Data:
V1 = 350 cm3 V1 = 250 cm3
P1 = 650 mm of Hg
T1 = –30 oC =
 30  273 K = 243 K
P2 = 325 mm of Hg
V2 = ? V2 = 700cm3
Example 5.2 09205021
T2 = ?
3
785 cm of a gas was enclosed in a Example 5.4 09205023

container under a pressure of 600 mm Hg. A sample of hydrogen gas occupies a

If volume is reduced to 350 cm3, what will volume 160 cm3 at 30oC. If its temperature
be the pressure? is raised to 100oC, calculate what will be its
Data: volume if the pressure remains constant.
V1 = 785 cm3 Data:
P1 = 600 mm of Hg V1 = 160 cm3
V2 = 350 cm3 T1 = 30oC = (30 + 273) K = 303 K
P2 = ? T2 = 100oC = (100+273) K = 373 K
V2 = ?
 Exercise Numericals
1) Convert the following units: 09205024 Data:
a. 850 mm Hg to atm T1 = 30oC = (30 + 273)K = 303K
b. 205000 Pa to atm. T2 = 10oC = (10 + 273)K = 283K
c. 560 torr to cm Hg Suppose that
d. 1.25 atm to Pa V1 = X
2) Convert the following units: 09205025 V2 = ?
a. 750oC to K b. 150oC to K 7) A balloon that contains 1.6 dm3 of air at
c. 100 K to oC d. 172 K to oC standard temperature (0oC or 273.15K) and
3) A gas at pressure 912 mm of Hg has pressure (1 atm) is taken under water to a
volume 450cm3. What will be its volume at depth at which its pressure increases to
0.4 atm? (Board 2015) 09205026 3.0 atm. Suppose that temperature remains
Data: unchanged, what would be the new volume
912 of the balloon. Does it contract or expand?
 1.2
P1 = 912 mm of Hg = 760 atm Data: 09205030

V1 = 450cm 3 V1 = 1.6 dm3

P2 = 0.4atm V2 = ?
V2 = ? P1 = 1 atm
4) A gas occupies a volume of 800 cm 3 at P2 = 3.0 atm
1atm, when it is allowed to expand up to 8) A sample of neon gas occupies 75.0 cm 3
1200 cm3 what will be its pressure in mm of at very low pressure of 0.4 atm. Assuming
Hg. 09205027
temperature remains constant what would
Data: be the volume at 1.0 atm. pressure? 09205031
V1 = 800cm3 Data:
P1 = 1atm V1 = 75 cm3
V2 = 1200cm3 P1 = 0.4 atm
P2 = ? P2 = 1 atm
5) It is desired to increase the volume of a V2 = ?
fixed amount of gas from 87.5 to 118 cm3 9) A gas occupies a volume of 35.0 dm 3 at
while holding the pressure constant. What 17oC. If the gas temperature rises to 34 oC at
would be the final temperature if the initial constant pressure, would you expect the
temperature is 23 oC? 09205028
volume to double? If not calculate the new
Data: volume. 09205032

V1 = 87.5 cm3 Data:

V1 = 35.0 dm3
V2  118 cm3
T1 = 17oC = (17 + 273)K = 290K
T1 = 23oC=(23 + 273)K = 296 K o
T2 = 34 C = (34 + 273)K = 307K
T2 = ? V2 = ?
6) A sample of gas is cooled at constant 10) The largest moon of Saturn is Titan.
pressure from 30oC to 10oC. Comment: It has atmospheric pressure of 1.6105 Pa.
a. Will the volume of the gas decrease to What is the atmospheric pressure in atm?
one third of its original volume? Is it higher than earth’s atmospheric
b. If not, then by what ratio will the volume pressure? 09205033
decrease? 09205029

Short Answers Questions

Exercise Short Answers Questions
Q1. What is diffusion? Explain with an (Board 2014) 09205037
example. (Board 2014, 2015,16) 09205034 Q5. Define the term allotropy with
Q2. Define standard atmospheric press- examples. (Board 2015) 09205038
ure. What are its units? How is it related to Q6. In which form does sulphur exist at
Pascal? (Board 2016) 09205035 100oC? 09205039
Q3. Why are the densities of gases lower Q.7. What is the relationship between
than that of liquids? 09205036 evaporation and boiling point of a liquid?
Q4. What do you mean by evaporation? 09205040
How is it affected by surface area?
Additional Short Answers Questions
Q8. Define Matter. 09205041 Q22. Enlist the factors on which vapour
Q9. Write down the names of different pressure depends. 09205057
states of matter. 09205042 Q23. Define boiling point.(Board 2013, 15) 09205058
Q10. Describe gaseous state of matter. Q24. Enlist the factors on which boiling
09205043
point depends. 09205059
Q11. Define Effusion. On what factor does Q25. Define freezing point.(Board 2016)
it depend? 09205044
09205060
Q12. Define Pressure. Write down its SI Q26. On which factors does diffusion of
unit. (Board 2014) 09205045
liquid depend? 09205061
Q13. Write down the names of instruments Q27. Describe density of liquid. 09205062
with the help of which we measure the Q28. What is meant by solid? 09205063
pressure. 09205046
Q29. Define melting point. Describe
Q14. Describe the mobility of gas melting and boiling point of solids. 09205064
molecules. 09205047
Q30. Explain the rigidity of solid. 09205065
Q15. Define Boyle’s law. (Board 2014) 09205048 Q31. Explain density of solid. 09205066
Q16. Define Charles’s law. Also write its Q32. Define amorphous solids. Give
mathematical representation. (Board 2014) 09205051 examples. (Board 2016) 09205067
Q17. What is normal body temperature? Q33. Define crystalline solids. Give
09205052
examples. (Board 2016) 09205068
Q18. What is meant by liquid? 09205053
Q34. Define transition temperature. Give
Q19. What are the factors affecting examples. (Board 2016) 09205069
evaporation? 09205054
Q20. Explain evaporation causes cooling.
(Board 2013, 15) 09205055
Q21. Define vapour pressure. (Board 2015,16)
09205056

Test yourself 5.1

Q35. Why is the rate of diffusion of gases Q39. Why is the density of gas measured in
rapid than that of liquids? 09205070 gdm-3, while that of a liquid is expressed
Q36.Why are the gases compressible? 09205071 in gcm-3? 09205074
Q37. What do you mean by Pascal? How Q40. Convert the following: 09205075
many Pascals are equal to 1atm? 09205072 a) 70 cm Hg to atm
Q38. Why the density of a gas increases on b) 3.5 atm to torr
cooling? (Board 2016) 09205073 c) 1.5 atm to Pa
 Test yourself 5.2
Q41. Is the Boyle’s law applicable to Q46. What will happen if the pressure on a
liquids? 09205076 sample of gas is raised three times and its
Q42. Is the Boyle’s law valid at very high temperature is kept constant? 09205078
temperature? 09205077

Test yourself 5.3

Q43. Which variables are kept constant in Q47. Does Kelvin scale show a negative
Charles’s Law? 09205079 temperature? 09205082
Q44. Why does volume of gas decrease with Q48. When a gas is allowed to expand, what
increase of pressure? (Board 2013) 09205080 will be its effect on its temperature? 09205083
Q45. What is absolute zero? (Board 2015) 09205081 Q49. Can you cool a gas by increasing its
volume? 09205084
Test yourself 5.4
Q50. Why does evaporation increase with Q54. What do you mean by dynamic
the increase of temperature? 09205085 equilibrium? 09205089
Q51. What do you mean by condensation? Q55. Why are the rates of diffusion in
(Board 2014) 09205086 liquids slower than that of gases? 09205090
Q52. Why is vapour pressure higher at (Board 2014)
high temperature? (Board 2014) 09205087 Q56. Why does rate of diffusion increase
Q53. Why is the boiling point of water with increase of temperature? 09205091
higher than that of alcohol? 09205088 Q57. Why are liquids mobile? 09205092

Test yourself 5.5

Q58. Which form of sulphur exists at room Q63. Write the molecular formula of a
temperature? 09205093 sulphur molecule. 09205098
Q59. Why is white tin available at room Q64. Which allotropic form of carbon is
temperature? 09205094 stable at room temperature (25oC)? 09205099
Q60. Why is the melting point of a solid Q65. State whether allotropy is shown by
considered its ‘identification’ character- elements or compounds or both. 09205100
istics? 09205095
Q61. Why do amorphous solids not have
sharp melting points while crystalline solids
do have? 09205096
Q62. Which is lighter one: aluminum or
gold? 09205097
 Multiple Choice Questions
Exercise MCQs
1. How many times liquids are denser than 7. In the evaporation process, liquid
gases? 09205101 molecules which leave the surface of the
(a) 100 times (b) 1000 times liquid have: 09205107
(c) 10,000 times (d) 100,000 times (a) Very low energy
2. Gases are the lightest form of matter (b) Moderate energy
and their densities are expressed in (c) Very high energy
terms of: 09205102 (d) None of the above
(a) mg cm–3 (b) g cm–3 8. Which one of the following gas diffuses
(c) gdm–3 (d) kg dm–3 fastest? 09205108
3. At freezing point which one of the (a) Hydrogen (b) Helium
following coexists in dynamic (c) Fluorine (d) Chlorine
equilibrium: 09205103 9. Which one of the following does not
(a) Gas and solid (b) Liquid and gas affect the boiling point? 09205109
(c) Liquid and solid (d) All of these (a) Intermolecular forces
4. Solid particles possess which one of the (b) External pressure
following motions? 09205104 (c) Nature of liquid
(a) Rotational motions (d) Initial temperature of liquid
(b) Vibrational motions 10. Density of a gas increases, when its:
(c) Translational motions (a) Temperature is increased 09205110
(d) Both translational and vibrational (b) Pressure is increased
motions (c) Volume is kept constant
5. Which one of the following is not (d) None of the above
amorphous? (Board 2013,16) 09205105 11. The vapour pressure of a liquid
(a) Rubber (b) Plastic increases with the: 09205111
(c) Glass (d) Glucose (a) Increase of pressure
6. One atmospheric pressure is equal to (b) Increase of temperature
how many Pascals: (Board 2014) 09205106 (c) Increase of intermolecular forces
(a) 101325 (b) 10325 (d) Increase of polarity of molecules
(c) 106075 (d) 10523

Additional MCQs
12. How many states of matter exist? 16. How many times does hydrogen gas
(a) One (b) Two 09205112 diffuse faster than oxygen gas? 09205116
(c) Three (d) Four (a) 2 times (b) 3 times
13. In which state matter does not have (c) 5 times (d) 4 times
definite shape and volume? 09205113 17. A tyre gets punctured is the example of:
(a) Solid (b) Liquid (Board 2015) 09205117
(c) Gas (d) All of these (a) Diffusion (b) Effusion
14. Pressure is a significant property of: (c) Pressure (d) Volume
(a) Solid (b) Liquid 09205114 18. The S.I unit of pressure is: 09205118
2 -2
(c) Gas (d) None of these (a) Nm (b) Nm (Board 2013)
15. Rate of diffusion depends upon the: (c) Nm3 (d) Nm-3
(a) Shape of the gas molecules 09205115 19. Which one is used to measure
(b) Size of the gas molecules atmospheric pressure? 09205119
(c) Molecular mass of the gas (a) Barometer
(d) All of the above (b) Manometer
 (c) Thermometer 31. Evaporation is the process: 09205133
(d) Galvanometer (a) Exothermic (b) Endothermic
20. Which one is used to measure pressure (c) Both (a) & (b) (d) None of these
in the laboratory? 09205120 32. On which factor does evaporation
(a) Barometer (b) Manometer depends: 09205134
(c) Thermometer (d) Galvanometer (a) Temperature
21. 1atm pressure is equal to: 09205121 (b) Surface area
(a) 760torr (b) 780torr (c) Intermolecular forces
(c) 790torr (d) 800torr (d) All of the above
22. Density of solids is expressed in: 09205122 33. Vapour pressure of liquid depends upon
(a) g dm-3 (b) g cm-3 the factors: 09205135
(c) kg (d) g dm3 (a) Nature of liquid (b) Size of molecules
23. Density of oxygen gas at 20 oC: 09205123 (c) Temperature (d) All of the above
(a) 1.2 gdm-3 (b) 1.3 gdm-3 o
34. At 0 C the vapour pressure of diethyl
-3
(c) 1.4 gdm (d) 1.6 gdm-3 ether is: 09205136
24. Density of oxygen gas at 0oC: 09205124 (a)100 mmHg (b) 200 mmHg
(a) 1.1 gdm-3 (b) 1.2 gdm-3 (c) 300 mmHg (d) 400 mmHg
(c) 1.4 gdm-3 (d) 1.5 gdm-3 35. At 0 C the vapour pressure of ethyl
o

25. When the pressure of gas is increased alcohol is: 09205137

from 1atm to 2atm, the volume of the (a) 20 mmHg (b) 22 mmHg
gas reduces from 2dm3to: 09205126 (c) 25 mmHg (d) 30 mmHg
3 3
(a)1dm (b) 0.5dm 36. On what factors does the boiling point
(c) 3dm3 (d) 4dm3 depend upon? 09205138
26. When the pressure of gas is increased (a) Nature of liquid
from 2atm to 4atm, the volume of the (b) Intermolecular forces
gas reduces from 1dm3 to: 09205127 (c) External pressure
(a) 0.75dm3 (b) 0.5 dm3 (d) All of the above
(c) 0.33 dm3 (d) 0.25 dm3 37. Density of liquid is expressed in: 09205139
27. When the pressure of gas is increased (a) gdm3 (b)gdm-3
from 2atm to 6atm, the volume of the (c) gcm3 (d) gcm-3
gas reduces from 1dm3 to: 09205128 38. Which state of matter has fixed shape
3 3
(a) 0.75dm (b) 2 dm and volume? 09205140
(c) 0.5 dm3 (d) 0.33 dm3 (a) Solid (b) Liquid
28. When the pressure of gas is increased (c) Gas (d) All of these
from 2atm to 8atm, the volume of the 39. Density of aluminum is: 09205141
gas reduces from 1dm3 to: 09205129 (a) 2 gcm -3
(b) 2.60 gcm-3
(a) 0.75dm3 (b) 0.5 dm3 (c) 2.70gcm -3
(d) 2.80 gcm-3
(c) 0.33 dm3 (d) 0.25 dm3 40. Density of iron is: 09205142
29. In hypertension, blood pressure is (a) 7 gcm-3 (b) 7.86 gcm-3
greater than: 09205130 (c) 7.90 gcm-3 (d) 7.92 gcm-3
120 140 41. Density of gold is: 09205143
-3 -3
(a) 80 (b) 90 (a) 9 gcm (b) 9.2 gcm
(c) 19.3gcm-3 (d) 9.4 gcm-3
80 90
42. Example of amorphous solid is: 09205144
(c) 90 (d) 140 (a) Plastic (b) Glass
30. Body temperature is measured in: (c) Rubber (d) All of these
(a) Celsius scale 09205132 43. Which one is crystalline solid? 09205145
(b) Fahrenheit scale (a) Diamond
(c) Kelvin scale (b) Sodium chloride
(d) Both (a) & (b)
 (c) Plastic 120 140
mmHg mmHg
(d) Both (a) and (b) (a) 80 (b) 90
44. Allotropes of oxygen are: 09205146
110 150
(a) 2 (b) 3 mmHg mmHg
(c) 4 (d) 5 (c) 100 (d) 70
45. The temperature at which two allotropic 49. In Charles law, “K” is equal to: 09205151
forms co-exist is called: 09205147 T
(a) Absolute temperature (a) V (b) TV (Board 2015)
(b) Transition temperature V V
(c) Normal temperature
(d) Standard temperature (c) T (d) P
46. Transition temperature of phosphorous 50. The simplest form of matter is: 09205152
is: 09205148
(a) Gas (b)Liquid (Board 2014)
o
(a) 200 C o
(b) 220 C (c) Solid (d) Both ‘b’ and ‘c’
(c) 250oC (d) 260oC 51. Normal body temperature of humans is:
47. Transition temperature of tin is: 09205149 (Board 2014) 09205153
o o
(a) 15oC (b) 13.2oC (a) 37 C (b) 38 C
(c) 20oC (d) 22oC o o
(c) 39 C (d) 40 C
48. Blood pressure of a healthy / normal
person is: (Board 2014) 09205150