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    Alkali Metals: Ia Metals

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    tehseenullah
    The document discusses the properties and reactions of alkali metals. It notes that alkali metals are highly reactive, have low ionization potentials, and react vigorously with water, oxygen, and halogens to form ionic compounds and release hydrogen gas. It also outlines some applications of lithium, sodium, and potassium such as in batteries, ceramics, soaps, fertilizers, and explosives.

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    Alkali Metals: Ia Metals

    Uploaded by

    tehseenullah
    135 views3 pages
    The document discusses the properties and reactions of alkali metals. It notes that alkali metals are highly reactive, have low ionization potentials, and react vigorously with water, oxygen, and halogens to form ionic compounds and release hydrogen gas. It also outlines some applications of lithium, sodium, and potassium such as in batteries, ceramics, soaps, fertilizers, and explosives.

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    The document discusses the properties and reactions of alkali metals. It notes that alkali metals are highly reactive, have low ionization potentials, and react vigorously with water, oxygen, and halogens to form ionic compounds and release hydrogen gas. It also outlines some applications of lithium, sodium, and potassium such as in batteries, ceramics, soaps, fertilizers, and explosives.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    135 views3 pages

    Alkali Metals: Ia Metals

    Uploaded by

    tehseenullah
    The document discusses the properties and reactions of alkali metals. It notes that alkali metals are highly reactive, have low ionization potentials, and react vigorously with water, oxygen, and halogens to form ionic compounds and release hydrogen gas. It also outlines some applications of lithium, sodium, and potassium such as in batteries, ceramics, soaps, fertilizers, and explosives.

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    ALKALI METALS: IA METALS

    INTRODUCTION

    Alkali metals are the group 1A of the periodic table. They have one electron in their outer
    most shell, so have an ionic charge of +1 in their compounds. The alkali metals are lithium
    (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs) and (Fr).
    The term alkali is derived from an Arabic word meaning “ashes.” The alkali metals
    can react with water to form alkaline compounds. This is why they are called alkali metals.

    PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
    Alkali metals possess the following properties. They are

    ➢ Shiny
    ➢ White/metal coloured
    ➢ Soft (They can all be cut easily with a knife)
    ➢ Highly reactive at standard temperature and pressure
    ➢ Because of their high reactivity, they must be stored under oil to prevent reaction with
    air
    ➢ have low density. Lithium, sodium and potassium all float on water. Their density
    increases as we move from Li to F
    ➢ Very good conductors of heat and electricity
    ➢ Have the ability to impart colour to the flame. This property of alkali metals is used in
    their identification.
    CHEMICAL PROPERTIES:
    ➢ Alkali metals has only one valence electron. They can readily lose
    the outer shell electron to form positive ions.

    ➢ The chemical reactivity of alkali metals increases as we move from the top to the bottom
    of the group.
    ➢ Like other metals, their ionization potential is very low. In fact, alkali metals have the
    lowest ionization potential among all elements of the periodic table.

    Reaction with Oxygen


    Alkali metals when comes in contact with air or oxygen, starts burning and oxides are formed.
    Lithium forms lithium monoxide (LiO), sodium forms sodium peroxide (Na2O2) and other alkali
    metals form super oxides.
    The chemical reaction of the alkali metals with oxygen that forms the oxide is:
    4 M (s) + O2 (g) → 2 M2O (s)
    The chemical reaction that forms the peroxide is:
    2 M (s) + O2 (g) → M2O2 (s)
    The chemical reaction that forms the superoxide is:
    M (s) + O2 (g) → MO2 (s)

    Reaction with water


    Alkali metals react with water to form hydroxides and hydrogen gas is released. The reaction is
    so vigorous in nature that the hydrogen gas produced during the reaction catches fire. Lithium is
    the only alkali metal that reacts slowly with water. The chemical reaction of the alkali metals with
    water is:
    2M (s) + 2 H2O (l) → 2MOH (aq) + H2 (g)

    Reaction with halogens


    Alkali metals react with halogens to form halides. The chemical reaction of the alkali metals with
    the halogens is:
    2M + X2 → 2 MX
    Reaction with Nitrogen
    Lithium, the lightest of the alkali metals, is the only alkali metal which reacts with nitrogen at
    standard conditions, and its nitride is the only stable alkali metal nitride. The chemical reaction of
    lithium with nitrogen is:
    6 Li (s) + N2 (g) → 2 Li3N (s)
    APLICATIONS:
    ➢ Lithium is used in heat resistive ceramics and glasses.
    ➢ Lithium batteries are packed with a lot of energy as compared to other metals.
    ➢ Revolutionized devices like cell phones, computers use lithium batteries.
    ➢ Lithium salts are used as mood stabilizing drug.
    ➢ Sodium salts of fatty acids are used in soap.
    ➢ Sodium compounds are used in paper, textile, petroleum and chemical industries.
    ➢ Potassium chloride is essential for the growth of plants. It is used in fertilizers.
    ➢ Potassium chlorate and potassium nitrate are used in explosives and fireworks.
    ➢ Potassium nitrate is used as a food preservative

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