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Non-Medelian Inheritance PDF

Polygenic traits are controlled by two or more genes that each have a small additive effect on the phenotype. Examples include human traits like height and skin color. The inheritance of polygenic traits results in a continuous range of possible phenotypes rather than discrete traits. If parents heterozygous for three genes controlling wheat kernel color are crossed, their offspring will show seven color groups from white to dark red, representing the additive effects of combinations of alleles at the three gene loci.

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69 views

Non-Medelian Inheritance PDF

Polygenic traits are controlled by two or more genes that each have a small additive effect on the phenotype. Examples include human traits like height and skin color. The inheritance of polygenic traits results in a continuous range of possible phenotypes rather than discrete traits. If parents heterozygous for three genes controlling wheat kernel color are crossed, their offspring will show seven color groups from white to dark red, representing the additive effects of combinations of alleles at the three gene loci.

Uploaded by

billy saura
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Non-Medelian Inheritance:

Polygenic Traits
Learning Target:

Explain
the different patterns of
Non-Mendelian inheritance
Non-Mendelian Inheritance

 Refersto the inheritance of traits that have a


more complex genetic basis than one gene
with two alleles and completed dominance.
Types of Non-Mendelian

1. Incomplete Dominance
2. Codominance
3. Polygenic traits
Polygenic Traits

 Poly means “many”, many genes coding for


one trait
 Also known as quantitative inheritance which
refers to a single inherited phenotypic trait that
is controlled by two or more different genes.
 Display a range of possible phenotypes,
determined by a number of different genes and
the interactions between them.
Polygenic Traits

 Exhibit incomplete dominance so the phenotype displayed in offspring is


a mixture of the phenotypes displayed in the parents. Each of the genes
that contributes to a polygenic trait, has an equal influence and each of
the alleles has an additive effect on the phenotype outcome.

 Because of the inheritance mode patterns, the physical traits that are
controlled by polygenic inheritance, such as hair color, height and skin
color, as well as the non-visible traits such as blood pressure,
intelligence, autism and longevity, occur on a continuous gradient, with
many variations of quantifiable increments.
EXAMPLE:

There are three genes that make reddish pigment in wheat


kernels, which we’ll call A, B, and C. Each comes in two alleles,
one of which makes pigment (the capital-letter allele) and one
of which does not (the lowercase allele). These alleles have
additive effects: the aa genotype would contribute no
pigment, the Aa genotype would contribute some amount of
pigment, and the AA genotype would contribute more
pigment (twice as much as Aa). The same would hold true for
the B and C genes.
The two plants heterozygous for all three genes (AaBbCc)
were crossed to one another. Each of the parent plants would
have three alleles that made pigment, leading to pinkish
kernels. Their offspring, however, would fall into seven color
groups, ranging from no pigment (aabbcc) and white kernels
to lots of pigment (AABBCC) and dark red kernels. This is in fact
what researchers have seen when crossing certain varieties of
wheat. This example shows how we can get a spectrum of
slightly different phenotypes (something close to continuous
variation) with just three genes.
phenotypic ratio - 0 : 6 : 15 : 20 : 15 : 6 : 1

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