Intro ACAD PDF

GEO 154 CARTOGRAPHY II- PLOTTING USING AUTOCAD- ASSIGMENT HELP
DOCUMENT.
For one to two reasons data may not be in a format that can be integrated into AutoCAD
software, but coordinates may be separated by other text, spaces or symbols (e.g ‘=’). MS
Excel can allow us to separate data into the X,Y components and recombine them in a format
that AutoCAD can plot on-the-fly (X,Y).
MS Excel
Splitting data to reveal X,Y data by using the Convert Text to Columns
Wizard
1. Select the range of data that you want to convert.
2. On the Data tab, in the Data Tools group, click Text to Columns.
3. In Step 1 of the Convert Text to Columns Wizard, click Delimited, and then click
Next.
4. In Step 2, select the Space check box, and then clear the other check boxes under
Delimiters.
The Data preview box shows the first and last names in two separate columns.
CONCATENATE FUNCTION OR AMPERSAND OPERATOR IN EXCEL

The CONCATENATE Function joins several text strings into one text string. You can also
use the Ampersand (&) calculation operator instead of the CONCATENATE Function.
The CONCATENATE Function has one required argument and up to 255 arguments, all
separated by commas. The arguments can be text strings, numbers, or single-cell references.
In my spreadsheet example, cell B2 could be the X-coordinate values and while cell C2 could
be the Y- coordinate value. The following formula will combine these two in cell D2:
=CONCATENATE(B2,”, “,C2)
5. Click Next.
AutoCAD
AutoCAD is a Computer Aided Design software which can replace the traditional drawing
board, ruler, set squares, French curves, pencils, erasers, etc that were used for making a map.
The basic Information Technology knowledge required to use AutoCAD is how computers
work and the Windows Operating System. The user needs to understand the concept of the
graphical user interface whiles appreciating the alternative of using a command to instruct the
computer to get a particular task done. The characteristics of the Windows operating system
(Windows 8, Vista, etc) comprises, menus, forms, text boxes, buttons, toolbars, listboxes, etc.
Most tools available in AutoCAD and alternate commands used are self explanatory. For
example the line command or line command draws a line. This command can be accessed via
the graphical user interface or by the ‘Line’ command. AutoCAD is has a very interactive
interface and help menu (Press F1) so the user is encouraged to explore the possibilities with
this software. Also there are options for any particular command. For example the fillet
command gives you the option to define a fillet radius which means you do not get the right
angle corner but a curve joining the two lines being filleted.
1. If you want to plot your points using the coordinates: In excel get your data in x,y
format as described above (Splitting data to reveal X,Y data by using the Convert
Text to Columns).
2. This can be done by creating an equation to concatenate the data; e.g =A1&","&B1
where cells A1 and B1 hold the x, y values.
3. Highlight the new column and press Ctrl+C (copy).
4. In autocad start the multiple command and follow it with the point command, when it
prompts you for a start point, paste the coordinates (Ctrl+V) at the command line.
Zoom to extents to view all the points plotted.
5. We will now join the points with lines that are perpendicular as shown in the
assignment (buildings have right angled corners).
6. To do this draw the first line and let this be the base line based on which all other
lines should be drawn either parallel or perpendicular to (you will have used the T-
square and set squares to do this if plotting manually).
7. Next the copy command will be used to [multiple] copy this line (and its orientation)
and paste to all other points (by snapping).
8. To obtain a perpendicular line either;
9. Rotate one of the lines drawn above by 90 degrees in a clockwise or anticlockwise
direction or
10. Draw a line and snap perpendicular to the existing base line (see snapping command).
AUTOCAD COMMANDS FOR THE ASSIGNMENT
FILLET Constructs an arc of specified radius P Fillets an entire

between two lines, arcs, circles, or will Polyline at the
create arcs of the specified radius at the vertices
vertices of a polyline. Radius of the arc
R Allows setting of
to be constructed may be set to 0,
the fillet radius.
which will make a sharp corner
Default value is 0.
Radius remains set
until changed again
EXTEND Lengthens a line, arc, or polyline to U Undoes effect of

meet a specified "boundary edge" last Extend command
ERASE Erases selected entities from the

or drawing
E
LINE Draws straight lines <RET> In reply

or to From Point:
L prompt, line begins at
end of previous line
or arc
C In reply to To
point: prompt, closes
the polygon back to
first "From Point"
U In reply to To
point: prompt, undoes
last line segment
MIRROR Reflects designated entities about a Use this command to

user-specified axis draw the North
arrow
MOVE Moves designated entities to another location
or
ORTHO Constrains drawing so that only lines Shortcut- F8

aligned with the grid can be drawn --
usually means only horizontal or
vertical lines, however, if the crosshairs
are rotated through the "Snap" "Rotate"
command sequence, the lines drawn are
constrained to being parallel with the
crosshair rotation. Constraint can be
overridden by snapping to a point or by
entering exact coordinates for
endpoints.
OSNAP Enables points to be precisely located can be transparent

on reference points of existing objects. CEN CENter of arc or circle
This is the so-called "Running Mode" END closest ENDpoint of arc or line
of OSNAP, which sets selection INS INSertion point of Text or Block
method to run continuously until set to INT INTersection of line, arc, or circle
NON (none) or until overridden by MID MIDpoint of line, arc, rectangle
selecting another "Interrupt Mode" side, or polygon side
OSNAP method from the cursor menu. NEA NEArest point selected by
Combinations of OSNAP methods can aperture on line, polyline, arc, or circle
be used by selecting a series of options NOD NODe (another name for a
separated by commas. For instance, if Point)
you want ot always pick either NON NONe -- used
endpoints or intersection points when
locating endpoints of lines, you would
issue the command as follows:
OSNAP <RET> END,INT <RET>
PAN Moves the display window without can be transparent

changing the magnification factor
POINT Draws single points. Appearance of the

points is set by the Variable PDMODE
POLYGON Draws regular polygons with a E Specifies size and rotation of

specified number of sides. Polygons are polygon by picking endpoints of one
Polyline entities. edge
C Circumscribes polygon around a
circle
I Inscribes polygon within a circle
QUIT Exits AutoCAD -- if the current drawing has not been Saveds in its
current state, a dialogue box will appear asking if you want to Save
the drawing, Discard the changes, or Cancel the Exit command
SAVE Requests a filename and saves the

drawing
SAVEAS Same as SAVE, but also renames the

current drawing and keeps the new
name current
SELECT Groups objects into selection sets for You can also click (graphically) to
use in subsequent commands select
TEXT Draws text characters of any size with

J Prompts for justification options
selected styles
TRIM Erases a portion of selected entities that

U Undoes last trim operation
cross a specified "cutting edge"
ZOOM Enlarges or reduces the display can be transparent

magnification of the drawing, without <number> multiplier from original
changing the actual size of the entities magnification
<number X> multiplier from current
magnification
<number XP>multiplier of
magnification relative to paper space --
used for plotting to get right plot scale in
each viewport
A ("All") fills limits of drawing to
screen
C ("Center") makes picked point the
center of the screen
D ("Dynamic") makes an adjustible
rectangular lens appear on the screen
which is capable of being made smaller
or larger and moved to different
positions over the drawing and once set
by the user, the drawing will quickly
zoom to the location and magnification
set for the lens. This sub-command is no
longer useful because all computers
have very fast zooms naturally now.
E ("Extents") makes the farthest edges
of the actual visible drawing fill up the
graphics screen
L ("Lower-Left") makes the point
picked become shoved to the lower-left
corner of the graphics screen
P ("Previous") zooms back to whatever
the last zoom, previous to the current
zoom was -- AutoCAD stores about 10
of these, so you can walk backward in
zoom magnification 10 times
V ("Virtual Screen") makes the largest
area available to the graphics card fill
the graphics screen -- this varies with
the quantity of graphics RAM that your
graphics card has
W ("Window") asks you to pick the
lower left corner and the upper right
corner of a zoom window and then fits
that window to the graphics screen

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GEO 154 CARTOGRAPHY II- PLOTTING USING AUTOCAD- ASSIGMENT HELP

1. Select the range of data that you want to convert.

CONCATENATE FUNCTION OR AMPERSAND OPERATOR IN EXCEL

FILLET Constructs an arc of specified radius P Fillets an entire

EXTEND Lengthens a line, arc, or polyline to U Undoes effect of

ERASE Erases selected entities from the

LINE Draws straight lines <RET> In reply

MIRROR Reflects designated entities about a Use this command to

ORTHO Constrains drawing so that only lines Shortcut- F8

OSNAP Enables points to be precisely located can be transparent

PAN Moves the display window without can be transparent

POINT Draws single points. Appearance of the

POLYGON Draws regular polygons with a E Specifies size and rotation of

SAVE Requests a filename and saves the

SAVEAS Same as SAVE, but also renames the

TEXT Draws text characters of any size with

TRIM Erases a portion of selected entities that

ZOOM Enlarges or reduces the display can be transparent

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