The Impact of works and writings of Dr.

Jose Rizal in our national identity

1

CHAPTER l

THE PROBLEM

Introduction

The works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in our national identity awakening and

support towards a political identity associated with modern Philippines leading to a wide-

ranging campaign for political, social, and economic freedom in the Philippines. For this

research we’re going to tackle about our hero Dr. Jose Rizal and we do some research

where we can see that he deserve to be one of our heroes. Doing this research makes

others inform why Dr. Jose Rizal is a legend when in his time. Looking back to his works

in the past makes the Filipino’s proud. In this research you will see how he became a

hero, how people in the past respected him. We will see how good he is when it comes to

fighting other people by using his words, using his knowledge. He is brilliance;

compassion, courage, and patriotism are greatly remembered and recognized by the

Filipino people. Through his writings and works we know the truth behind the evil rule

of Spain that lead to know what our national identity in our country and it is also the

awareness of Filipino on how they treated the people during Spanish period. While his

writings and works have big impact in national identity which changes the nature of

Filipino identity. It can influence the writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in other country through

make a novel that similar Rizal’s writings and through his writings he exposed the

corruption and wrongdoings of government officials as well as the Spanish friars. Rizal

harshly criticized the Spanish colonial rule in the country and exposed the ills of

Philippine society at the time. And because he wrote about the injustices and brutalities
 The Impact of works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in our national identity
2

of the Spaniards in the country that make big impact in our national identity. In our

present time or so called millennial era, history does not give a big impact to millennial

people. Most are busy with the social media due to high and modern technology. What

interests more are the new things that are trending or "in". Few only interested and few

only knew about the history of our nation and the people involved who fought for our

freedom from the Spaniards. Most Filipino knew Jose Rizal as our national hero but few

knew about his writings, works and achievements during his time, his contribution to our

country by fighting for our independence through a non-violent weapon his pen. But

thanks to our government agency in education, life and works of Jose Rizal is included in

our school curriculum and students will have an idea of who Rizal was and how he

fought the friars through his writings.

Statement of the Problem

The study aims to determine the Impact of works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in

our national identity

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following question:

1. How does Rizal and his works relate to Philippine nationalism?

2. How did Rizal contribute to the development of the Filipino Identity? ...

3. What is Rizal's concept of Nationalism?

 The Impact of works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in our national identity
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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This part presents the gathered related literatures and studies that support and

supplement the topic being studied.

Conceptual literature

According to Alip (1961) Rizal has always been known as a well-traveled man.

He went to foreign lands to study, work, and learn about the different cultures the world

has to offer. In his extensive travels, he picked up a few things from the people and the

values that he immersed himself in. He went around instilling in himself the principles of

a true renaissance man. He educated himself on a wide variety of topics, spanning from

the arts, medicine, and even military tactics though he was still a big purveyor of peace.

Laubach (1936) Uncle Tom’s Cabin was probably the most prominent book that

Rizal has read which eventually inspired him to write his greatest work, Noli Me

Tangere. The author, Harriet Beecher Stowe, mostly focused on the slavery problem in

the south during the mid to late 19th century. It is a book on anti-slavery and focuses on

the life of titular character Uncle Tom as he tries to survive life as a slave during the pre-

civil war era. The whole of the story opened Rizal’s eyes to the horrors and evils of

slavery and oppression. He even approached his fellow intelligentsia about writing a

book that could possibly affect the Philippines just as Uncle Tom’s Cabin affected the

United States
 The Impact of works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in our national identity
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According to Romero, Santos, and Sta. Romana (2003) Thus began his quest,

together with other reformists, for reforms, specifically, equal rights, assimilation, and

representation in the Spanish government. The efforts of the propagandists were not

totally wasted.

Crisostomo (1999) was in Noli Me Tangere. This novel exposed the oppression

and abuses experienced by the Filipinos from the Spanish administration including the

friars and the civil guards.

Related studies

Hau (2000) In the end, Rizal leaves it to the reader to decide which course of

action is best, although he does not allow that accepting the status is a viable option—

Filipinos should either work to reform the system through peaceful means or take back

their country by force.

Scheurich & Skrla (2003) upon seeing such inequity, school leaders should

engage it and seek to identify possible causes and alternate courses of action, for

themselves and others. Remember that Rizal did not offer a single solution but explored

alternatives once he saw that there was a problem.

According to Coates (1968) The book shows how colonization has taken pride

away from Filipinos and instilled in them a shame and powerlessness that keeps them

from de- veloping themselves academically and spiritually

 The Impact of works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in our national identity
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Constantino (1970) Sadly, one colonizer was replaced with another—the United

States and then Japan colonized the country until the Philippines finally earned

independence in 1946.

Tejano (2011) elaborated in his study that if Filipinos were to aim for a better

nation, it is important to have a more in-depth study of Jose Rizal’s political ideologies.

Sandlin, O’Malley, and Burdick (2011) offer a useful and nuanced way of

thinking about public intellectualism as something that is at once individual and

communitarian.

According to Crisostomo (1999) “He would be branded a coward, too, and a

fugitive.” To escape would also mean supporting the revolution and helping the

Philippines to be a free, independent nation. In the end, Rizal refuses Valenzuela’s offer.

According to Quibuyen (1996) when Rizal chose to die in martyrdom in 1896, the

revolutionary masses immediately turned to him as an inspiration for the revolution.

Quibuyen (1996) contradicted the common misconception that asserts Rizal’s

opposition of the 1896 revolution led by Andres Bonifacio. This, he said, causes a

“distortion of the past” thus preventing Filipinos from having a “better understanding of

their nation’s history.”

According to Tejano (2011) this certain event caused a number of questions to

arise about Rizal not letting the two revolutions happen. If the style Rizal used in creating

both revolutions was further examined, it can be found that Simoun used the different
 The Impact of works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in our national identity
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classes in the society to cause a huge chaos that would wreck the social system of

colonialism from the inside.

Synthesis

The related conceptual and relate literature have a very close bearing to the

present study for the dealt with the Impact of works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in our

national identity.

The study of Romero et. al., (2003) is similar to the study of Crisostomo (1999)

because they are both focusing on how Filipino experiences the wickedness of

government in Spaniards period. Their study wants to pursue the awareness of the impact

of works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in our national identity. The difference between

the study of Romero et. al., (2003) and Crisostomo (1999) is classified that the

oppression and abuses in Spaniard government while the abuses and inequality solved by

propagandist to aware the Filipino about the brutalities and loss of dignity of women in

Spaniard government

The study of Anderson, (1988) and Crisostomo (1999) is similar to the study of

.Hau (2000). Because they are both focusing the unequal treat of Spaniards in Filipino

and the freedom that they want to get to have rights to speak. The study of Anderson

(1988) and Crisostomo (1999) is difference to the study of Scheurich & Skrla (2003)

Because the identity of Filipino are not included in their study that need to awake the

nationalism of Filipino from the unequal rights giving by Spaniards.

 The Impact of works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in our national identity
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Definition of Terms

The following term is defined conceptually and operationally for better

understanding of the topics discussed in this study.

Heroes. A person who is admired or idealized for courage, outstanding

achievements or noble qualities. In this study the word heroes refers to idolizing someone

who have big contribute in history.

Corruption. Dishonest or illegal behavior especially by powerful people (such as

government officials or police officers): DEPRAVITY. In this study the word corruption

refers as a fraud of the Spaniards among the Filipinos because it's used to hide the crime

and accusing the things that they not do.

Impact. An impinging or striking especially of one body against another. In this

In this study the word impact refers the effects of consequence and how can influence

your action that you taken

Identity. The distinguishing character or personality of an individual:

INDIVIDUALITY. In this study the word identity refers to the readers that will know

what his/her belief of this person and indicates who is the person on what his/her belief in

life and surroundings.

Political. Of or relating to government, a government, or the conduct of

government. In this study the word political refers to government that we have and how

organization managed.
 The Impact of works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in our national identity
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Influence. The act or power of producing an effect without apparent exertion of

force or direct exercise of command. In this study the word influence refers to power that
affect all the Filipinos fight their own freedom.
Independence. The quality or state of being independent. In this study the word
independence refers to person that not depending on anyone like Rizal sacrifice he
defends our country through his own novel.
National. Comprising or characteristic of a nationality. In this study the word
national refers to characteristics of country in their history and relating to the whole of a
country.
Patriotism. Love for or devotion to one's country. In this study the word
patriotism refers to concept which brings people together. A sense of solidarity and love
for our country is a sentiment which binds.
Awareness. Knowledge and understanding that something is happening or exists.
In this study the word awareness refers to being aware or having knowledge of something
and have a better understanding of ourselves, we are able to experience ourselves as
unique and separate individuals
 The Impact of works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in our national identity
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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design and data gathering procedure.

Research Design

The present study plans to examine the impact of works and writings of Dr. Jose

Rizal in our national identity and to critically assess the impact of the literary works of

Dr. Jose Rizal in our national identity of Filipino. Descriptive research can be explained

as a statement of affairs as they are at present with the researcher having no control over

variable. Moreover ‘descriptive studies may be characterized as simply the attempt to

determine, describe or identify what is, while analytical research attempts to establish

why it is that way or how it came to be and descriptive research is ‘aimed at casting light

on current issue or problems through a process of data collection that enables them to

describe the situation more completely than was possible without employing this method.

In this essence, descriptive studies are used to describe various aspects of the

phenomenon. In its popular format descriptive characteristics and behavior of sample

population.

The aim of descriptive research it determines or identifies the problem in

describing situation. Through this method it easy to describe or identify the aspect of

phenomenon because the characteristics of descriptive it’s easy to analyze the problem

and it used to obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomenon to

describe ‘what exists’ with respect to variables or conditions in a situational.

 The Impact of works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in our national identity
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Data Gathering Procedure

The researchers used different procedure in gathering data such as observations,

searching from the internet that serves as the main tool in gathering.

In the first chapter of the study, the researchers used observation as one tool in

gathering information. and this observation used to make title, introduction, and

statement of the problem because of the observation and personal experience are first part

of this research was made.

In the second chapter of the study, the researchers search from the internet to get

information that relevant in the study. In making the chapter II the books and unpublished

thesis help to gather data that useful to the study.

 The Impact of works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in our national identity
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CHAPTER lV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter deals with the presentation, analysis and interpretation of data

gathered from the survey in internet by the researchers.

The topic that is being discussed is the following:

1. How does Rizal and his works relate to Philippine nationalism?

2. How did Rizal contribute to the development of the Filipino Identity?

3. What is Rizal's concept of Nationalism?

1. Rizal and his works relate to Philippine nationalism

The data below summarizes the Rizal and his works relate to Philippine

nationalism.

As for me, Dr. Jose Rizal is both a Nationalist and a Patriot. Why? He is an advocate for

great reforms during Spanish era that shows his love for our country, the Philippines. He

is an author of a books that has shown his principles that up to day, people are still

learning from it. It shows love for our country because he desires unity for his country

without any violent actions or any revolution act towards people who are making

themselves as a superior to Filipinos but uses his knowledge and virtues by writing

novels. He emphasized the importance of the Tagalog language and that language will

not be a basis to know their status in life. But at the end of it, Dr. Rizal just want our
 The Impact of works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in our national identity
12

country to be one and to let us be proud of being Filipinos because we will be proud as

Filipinos.

https://medium.com/@ellajanevergara/dr-jose-rizal-nationalist-or-patriot-

c1d247c234e9

The first data is about Rizal and his works relate to Philippine nationalism which

Rizal are both patriotic and nationalist because the two meaning of patriotic and

nationalism are have in Rizal personality and that is the perspective of Rizal in our

country. Through the personality Rizal Filipino has same personality of Rizal because we

all know that Filipino is really nationalistic and like Rizal we are bravely sacrifice for the

good of our country. We are bravely sacrifice for who we love even we know are risky

but we try to defend and we not give up to get that freedom that long not given of

Spaniards.

2. How did Rizal contribute to the development of the Filipino Identity

The data below summarizes how Rizal contributed to the development of the Filipino

Identity.

Rizal had been very vocal against the Spanish government, but in a peaceful and

progressive manner. For him, “the pen was mightier than the sword.” And through his

writings, he exposed the corruption and wrongdoings of government officials as well as

the Spanish friars. While in Barcelona, Rizal contributed essays, poems, allegories, and

editorials to the Spanish newspaper, La Solidaridad. Most of his writings, both in his

essays and editorials, centered on individual rights and freedom, specifically for the

Filipino people. As part of his reforms, he even called for the inclusion of the Philippines
 The Impact of works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in our national identity
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to become a province of Spain. But, among his best works, two novels stood out from the

rest – Noli Me Tángere (Touch Me Not) and El Filibusterismo (The Reign of the Greed).

In both novels, Rizal harshly criticized the Spanish colonial rule in the country and

exposed the ills of Philippine society at the time. And because he wrote about the

injustices and brutalities of the Spaniards in the country, the authorities banned Filipinos

from reading the controversial books. Yet they were not able to ban it completely. As

more Filipinos read the books, their eyes opened to the truth that they were suffering

unspeakable abuses at the hands of the friars. These two novels by Rizal, now considered

his literary masterpieces, are said to have indirectly sparked the Philippine Revolution.

https://theculturetrip.com/asia/philippines/articles/the-life-and-legacy-of-jose-rizal-the-

philippines-national-hero/

The second data is about how Rizal contributed to the development of the Filipino

Identity. Through his novel and other works we had freedom and rights to speak to

defend from the hands of the Spaniards. Because of his novels the Filipino are awakening

from darkness and sorrowful life under the Spaniard and it’s also awakening our national

identity which Filipino is bravely to speak their rights. We know the Filipino is brave,

good natured, hospitable, and generous. We know that our national identity is awakening

by Rizal wherein we changed our live.

3. What is Rizal's concept of Nationalism

The awakening of Asia to the concept of nationalism began in the Philippines through the

single-handed work of Rizal. Later Asian nationalists were to acknowledge their debt to

Rizal, with Gandhi calling him “a forerunner and martyr in the cause of freedom.” Rizal
 The Impact of works and writings of Dr. Jose Rizal in our national identity
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foreshadowed the People Power revolution in the Philippines and elsewhere in the late

1980s with his fundamental belief in the application of morality to politics, in the power

of truth, and in the possibility of change by non-violent action.

https://www.manilatimes.net/2017/06/16/opinion/analysis/jose-rizal-philippines-gift-

humanity/333203/

The Third opinion is about Rizal's concept of Nationalism. Rizal is bravely defending the

Spaniards for the freedom of his countrymen and it also changed our lives of Filipino into

good and respected person. His concept in nationalism was political ideology which he

believes that is available to use for non-violent action. Because Rizal he don’t want to

fight by swords so he uses his concept in nationalism to had freedom the Filipino.